Priti Patel

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The Right Honourable
Priti Patel
MP
Home Secretary
Assumed office
24 July 2019
Prime MinisterBoris Johnson
Preceded bySajid Javid
Secretary of State for International Development
In office
14 July 2016 – 8 November 2017
Prime MinisterTheresa May
Preceded byJustine Greening
Succeeded byPenny Mordaunt
Minister of State for Employment
In office
11 May 2015 – 14 July 2016
Prime MinisterDavid Cameron
Preceded byEsther McVey
Succeeded byDamian Hinds
Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury
In office
15 July 2014 – 11 May 2015
Prime MinisterDavid Cameron
Preceded byDavid Gauke
Succeeded byDamian Hinds
Member of Parliament
for Witham
Assumed office
6 May 2010
Preceded byConstituency established
Majority18,646 (37.9%)
Personal details
Born (1972-03-29) 29 March 1972 (age 52)
London, England
Political partyConservative (before 1995; since 1997)
Referendum (1995–1997)
Spouse
Alex Sawyer
​
(m. 2004)​
Children1
Alma materKeele University
University of Essex

Priti Sushil Patel[1] (born 29 March 1972) is a British politician who has been Home Secretary since 24 July 2019 and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Witham in Essex since 2010. She was International Development Secretary from 2016 to 2017; her first tenure in the Cabinet ended due to revelations of unauthorised meetings with the Israeli government.[2][3][4][5][6] A member of the Conservative Party, she is ideologically positioned on the party's right-wing.[7]

Patel was born in London to a Ugandan-Indian family. She was educated at Keele University and the University of Essex. She was initially involved with the Referendum Party before switching allegiance to the Conservatives. She worked for the public relations consultancy firm Weber Shandwick for several years, as part of which she lobbied for the tobacco and alcohol industries.[8] Intending to switch to a political career, she unsuccessfully contested Nottingham North at the 2005 general election.

After David Cameron became Conservative leader, he recommended Patel for the party's "A-List" of prospective candidates. She was first elected MP for Witham, a Conservative safe seat, at the 2010 general election, before being re-elected in 2015 and 2017. Under Cameron's government, Patel was appointed Minister of State for Employment. A longstanding Eurosceptic, Patel was a leading figure in the Vote Leave campaign during the build-up to the 2016 referendum on UK membership of the European Union.

Following Cameron's resignation, Patel backed Theresa May as Conservative leader; May subsequently appointed Patel as International Development Secretary. In 2017 she was involved in a political scandal involving unauthorised meetings with the Israeli government, ending her time as International Development Secretary.[3][5][6] Under Boris Johnson's leadership, she assumed the role of Home Secretary in 2019, the first woman of ethnic minority descent to hold the office.

A sometimes outspoken figure, Patel has been criticised by political opponents for defending the tobacco and alcohol industries,[8] and for advocating threatening the Republic of Ireland with food shortages during Brexit negotiations.[9][10] Patel said her comments were "taken out of context" and she did not refer specifically to the risk of food shortages.[11][9]

Early life

Priti Patel was born on 29 March 1972 to Sushil and Anjana Patel, in the London Borough of Islington,[12] while her parents were resident in Harrow.[13] Her paternal grandparents were born in Tarapur, Gujarat, before emigrating to Uganda, and establishing a shop in Kampala.[14] In the 1960s, several years before President Idi Amin came to power, and announced the expulsion of Ugandan Asians, from November 1972, her parents emigrated to the UK and settled in Hertfordshire.[15] They established a chain of newsagents in London and the South East of England.[16][17][18]

Patel attended Watford Grammar School for Girls,[19] a non-selective comprehensive at the time[a] despite its name,[20][21][22] before studying Economics at Keele University, and then pursuing postgraduate studies in British Government and Politics at the University of Essex.[23][24]

The Conservative Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher became her political heroine: according to Patel, she "had a unique ability to understand what made people tick, households tick and businesses tick. Managing the economy, balancing the books and making decisions – not purchasing things the country couldn't afford".[16] She first joined the Conservative Party as a teenager, when John Major was Prime Minister.[15]

Early career

After graduating, Patel was recruited by Andrew Lansley (then Head of the Conservative Research Department) at Conservative Central Office having, from 1995 to 1997, headed the press office of the Referendum Party which stood candidates in most constituencies at the 1997 general election.

In 1997, Patel left to join the Conservative Party having been offered a post to work for the new leader William Hague in his press office, dealing with media relations in London and the South East of England.[25] In August 2003, the Financial Times published an article citing quotes from Patel and alleging that "racist attitudes" persisted in the Conservative Party, and that "there's a lot of bigotry around".[26] Patel wrote to the FT countering its article stating that her comments had been misinterpreted to imply that she had been blocked as a party candidate because of her ethnicity.[27]

In 2000, aged 28, Patel left the employment of the Conservative party to work for Weber Shandwick, a PR consulting firm.[28] According to an investigative article published by The Guardian in May 2015, Patel was one of the seven Shandwick employees who worked on British American Tobacco (BAT) – a major account. The team had been tasked with helping BAT manage the company's public image during the controversy around the Burma factory being used as source of funds by its military dictatorship and poor payment to factory workers. The crisis eventually ended with BAT pulling out of Burma in 2003. The article went on to quote BAT employees who felt that though a majority of Shandwick employees were uncomfortable working with them, Patel's group was fairly relaxed. The article also quoted internal Shandwick documents specifying that a part of Patel's job was also to lobby MEPs against EU tobacco regulations. She worked for Shandwick for three years.[29]

In the 2005 general elections, she stood as the Conservative candidate for Nottingham North, losing to the sitting Labour MP Graham Allen.[30][31]

Patel then moved to Diageo, the British multinational alcoholic beverages company, and worked in corporate relations between 2003 and 2007.[32] In 2007, she rejoined as Director of Corporate and Public Affairs practices. According to their press release, during her time at Diageo Patel had "worked on international public policy issues related to the wider impact of alcohol in society."[33]

Parliamentary career

Member of Parliament for Witham: 2010–present

After unsuccessfully contesting Nottingham North at the 2005 general election, Patel was identified as a promising candidate by new party leader David Cameron, and was offered a place on the "A-List" of Conservative prospective parliamentary candidates (PPC).[26] In November 2006, she was adopted as the PPC for the notionally safe Conservative seat of Witham—a new constituency in central Essex created after a boundary review[34][35]—before gaining a majority of 15,196 at the 2010 general election. She was drafted into the Number 10 Policy Unit in October 2013,[36] and was promoted as Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury the following summer.[17]

Patel's Ministerial photo

Along with fellow Conservative MPs Kwasi Kwarteng, Dominic Raab, Chris Skidmore and Elizabeth Truss, Patel was considered one of the "Class of 2010" who represented the party's "new Right".[37] Together they co-authored Britannia Unchained, a book published in 2012. This work was critical of levels of workplace productivity in the UK, making the controversial statement that "once they enter the workplace, the British are among the worst idlers in the world". The authors suggested that to change this situation, the UK should reduce the size of the welfare state and seek to emulate the working conditions in countries like Singapore, Hong Kong, and South Korea rather than those of other European nations.[38][39]

In October 2014, Patel criticised the plan of the Academies Enterprise Trust to merge the New Rickstones and Maltings Academies, claiming that to do so would be detrimental to school standards.[40] Patel lodged a complaint with the BBC alleging one-sided coverage critical of Narendra Modi on the eve of his victory in 2014 Indian elections.[41][42] In January 2015, Patel was presented with a "Jewels of Gujarat" award in Ahmedabad, India, and in the city she gave a keynote speech at the Gujarat Chamber of Commerce.[43]

In the general election of May 2015—a Conservative victory—Patel retained her parliamentary seat with 27,123 votes, increasing her majority by 4,358.[44] During the campaign, she had criticised Labour Party rival John Clarke for referring to her as a "sexy Bond villain" and a "village idiot" on social media; he apologised.[45] After the election, Patel rose to Cabinet-level as Minister of State for Employment in the Department for Work and Pensions,[46] and was sworn of the Privy Council on 14 May 2015. In December 2015, Patel voted to support Cameron's planned bombing of Islamic State targets in Syria.[47]

"Brexit" campaign: 2015–16

Following Cameron's announcement of a referendum on the UK's continuing membership of the European Union (EU), Patel was widely touted as a likely "poster girl" for the Vote Leave campaign.[48] Patel said that the EU is "undemocratic and interferes too much in our daily lives". She publicly stated that immigration from elsewhere in the EU was overstretching the resources of UK schools.[49] She helped to launch the Women For Britain campaign for anti-EU women; at their launch party, she compared their campaign with that of Emmeline Pankhurst and the Suffragettes, for which she was criticised by Emmeline's great-granddaughter Helen Pankhurst.[50]

Following the success of the "Leave" vote in the EU referendum, Cameron resigned, resulting in a leadership contest within the party. Patel openly supported Theresa May as his successor, claiming that she had the "strength and experience" for the job, while arguing that May's main challenger Andrea Leadsom would prove too divisive to win a general election.[51] In November 2017, Patel was critical of the UK government Brexit negotiations and stated: "I would have told the EU in particular to sod off with their excessive financial demands".[52]

Secretary of State for International Development: July 2016–November 2017

Patel greets Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Heathrow Airport, London; 12 November 2015.

After becoming Prime Minister, in July 2016 May appointed Patel to the position of International Development Secretary. Patel described herself as being "delighted" with the post despite a statement made in 2013 suggesting that the Department for International Development should be scrapped and replaced with a Department for International Trade and Development.[53] Many staff at the department were concerned about Patel's appointment, both because of her support for Brexit and because of her longstanding scepticism regarding international development and aid spending.[54]

On taking the position, Patel stated that too much UK aid was wasted or spent inappropriately, declaring that she would adopt an approach rooted in "core Conservative principles" and emphasise international development through trade as opposed to aid.[55] In September, Patel announced that Britain would contribute £1.1 billion to a global aid fund used to combat malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS, but added that any further aid deals would include "performance agreements" meaning that the British Government could reduce aid by 10% if specific criteria were not met by the recipient country.[56]

In September 2016 she expressed opposition to the construction of 28 affordable homes at the Lakelands development in Stanway, referring to it as an "unacceptable loss of open space" and criticising Colchester Borough Council for permitting it.[57] That same month, the council's chief executive Adrian Pritchard issued a complaint against Patel, claiming that she had acted "inappropriately" in urging Sajid Javid to approve the construction of an out-of-town retail park after it had already been rejected by Colchester Council.[58]

Also in September, proposals were put forward for a change to the boundaries of parliamentary constituencies across Britain. As a result of the plans, Patel's seat of Witham would be merged with neighbouring Maldon. This would potentially require her to compete against Maldon MP John Whittingdale for the new seat of Witham and Maldon.[59]

Patel was critical of the UK's decision to invest DFID funds to support the Palestinian territories through UN agencies and the Palestinian Authority. In October 2016 Patel ordered a review of the funding procedure, temporarily freezing approximately a third of Britain's aid to the Palestinians during the review. In December 2016, DFID announced significant changes concerning future funding for the Palestinian Authority. DFID stated that future aid would go “solely to vital health and education services, in order to meet the immediate needs of the Palestinian people and maximise value for money.' This move was widely supported by Jewish groups, including the Jewish Leadership Council and the Zionist Federation.[60][61]

Meetings with Israeli officials and resignation

On 3 November 2017, the BBC's Diplomatic correspondent James Landale broke the news that Patel had held meetings in Israel in August 2017 without telling the Foreign Office. She was accompanied by Lord Polak, honorary president of Conservative Friends of Israel (CFI). The meetings, up to a dozen in number, took place while Patel was on a "private holiday". Patel met Yair Lapid, the leader of Israel's centrist Yesh Atid party, and reportedly made visits to several organisations where official departmental business was discussed. The BBC reported that "According to one source, at least one of the meetings was held at the suggestion of the Israeli ambassador to London. In contrast, British diplomats in Israel were not informed about Ms Patel's plans."[62]

It was also reported that, following the meetings, Patel had recommended that the Department for International Development give international aid money to field hospitals run by the Israeli army in the Golan Heights. Although these hospitals have been described by the British Prime Minister's official spokesman as "provid[ing] medical support for Syrian refugees",[63] Israeli officials have refused to identify who they treat in them, and whether they are regime forces, rebels or civilians.[64] Western media reports suggest that Israel is aiding and funding Syrian opposition organisations in the Syrian civil war.[65][66]

On 4 November 2017, in an interview with The Guardian, Patel stated

Boris [Johnson] knew about the visit. The point is that the Foreign Office did know about this, Boris knew about [the trip]. I went out there, I paid for it. And there is nothing else to this. It is quite extraordinary. It is for the Foreign Office to go away and explain themselves. The stuff that is out there is it, as far as I am concerned. I went on holiday and met with people and organisations. As far as I am concerned, the Foreign Office have known about this. It is not about who else I met; I have friends out there.[67][68]

Patel faced calls to resign, with numerous political figures calling her actions a breach of the ministerial code, which states: "Ministers must ensure that no conflict arises, or could reasonably be perceived to arise, between their public duties and their private interests, financial or otherwise".[69] Labour MP Jon Trickett said, "She met with the prime minister, and all sorts in Israel, with a lobbyist – I don't think it is good enough to apologise as I really think this is a serious breach of the ministerial code. The Prime Minister really should be sacking her, or at the very very minimum referring it to the Cabinet Office for investigation".[69]

On 6 November, Patel was summoned to meet the Prime Minister Theresa May, who then said that Patel had been "reminded of her responsibilities" and announced plans for the ministerial code of conduct to be tightened.[70] Patel released an apology for her actions, and corrected her remarks to The Guardian, which she said gave the false impression that the Foreign Secretary knew about the trip before it happened, and that the only meetings she had had were those then in the public domain.[71] According to Downing Street, May learned of the meetings when the BBC broke the story on 3 November.[72] When May hosted Netanyahu the previous day for the Balfour Declaration centenary, she was not aware that her minister had had meetings with him in August.

In the days after Patel's meeting with the Prime Minister and public apology, there were further revelations about her contacts with Israel, including details of two more undisclosed meetings with Israeli officials in Westminster and New York in September 2017,[73] that Patel had not disclosed when she met the Prime Minister on 6th.[2] As a result of these further revelations Patel was summoned to Downing Street once more on 8 November, where she met with the Prime Minister and subsequently resigned from her cabinet position, after 16 months in the post.[74] She was replaced by pro-Brexit MP Penny Mordaunt the following day.[75] Patel claimed that, following her resignation, she was "overwhelmed with support from colleagues across the political divide" and from her constituents.[76][77]

Backbencher: November 2017–July 2019

In May 2018, Patel questioned the impartiality of the Electoral Commission and called for it to investigate Britain Stronger in Europe or to end its inquiry into the Vote Leave campaign. Patel expressed concern that Britain Stronger in Europe had been provided with services by other remain campaigns without declaring the expenditure in the appropriate way.[78] In August 2018, the Electoral Commission reported that there was no evidence that Britain Stronger in Europe had breached any laws on campaign spending.[79]

In December 2018, during the UK's Brexit negotiations, a government report was leaked which indicated that food supplies and the economy in the Republic of Ireland could be adversely affected in the event of a no-deal Brexit. Following the report, Patel commented: "This paper appears to show the government were well aware Ireland will face significant issues in a no-deal scenario. Why hasn't this point been pressed home during negotiations?" Some sections of the media reported her comments as a suggestion that Britain should exploit Ireland's fear of damage to its economy and food shortages to advance its position with the EU. She was criticised for insensitivity by several other MPs in the light of Britain's part in Ireland's Great Famine in the 19th century, in which a million people died. Patel said her comments had been taken out of context.[80][11] Irish EU Commissioner Phil Hogan said that a food blockade would result in Britain starving, not Ireland, since 43% of food consumed in the UK comes from Ireland.[81] Journalist Eilis O'Hanlon criticised the media's characterisation of Patel's comments as a "manipulative, sinister media-manufactured campaign of character assassination", further elaborating that the "divide between fact and comment broke down entirely in response to Priti Patel's comments."[82]

In February 2019, Patel tweeted supportive messages for Turning Point UK.[83][84] In March 2019, Patel backed a pamphlet published by the TaxPayers' Alliance which called for the international development budget to be reformed, and for the UK alone to decide what constitutes aid, rather than international organisations.[85]

Home Secretary: July 2019–present

Patel was appointed Home Secretary by Boris Johnson in July 2019.[86] Shortly after her appointment, news had transpired that, in May 2019, Patel began working for Viasat as a strategic adviser on a salary of £5,000 a month for five hours’ work a month, without seeking prior approval from the government's Advisory Committee on Business Appointments, leading to accusations that she has broken the ministerial code for a second time.[87]

Political ideology and views

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Patel is considered to be on the right-wing of the Conservative Party,[7] with the Total Politics website noting that some saw her as a "modern-day Norman Tebbit".[88] In The Guardian, the economics commentator Aditya Chakrabortty characterised her as "an out-and-out right-winger" who has no desire to "claim the centre ground" in politics.[89] Patel has cited Thatcher as her political hero,[16] and has described herself as a "massive Thatcherite" (do not apologising "to no one for that"),[90] with various news sources characterising her as a Thatcherite,[16][37][91] and while profiling Patel for The Independent, Tom Peck wrote that she "could scarcely be more of a Thatcherite".[92] She served on the 1922 Committee before appointment as a Minister, and is an officer of Conservative Friends of Israel.[93]

She has taken robust stances on crime, garnering media attention after she argued for the restoration of capital punishment on the BBC's Question Time in September 2011,[94][95] although in 2016 she said she no longer held this view.[96] She opposes prisoner voting. She has also opposed allowing Jeremy Bamber, who was convicted of murder in her constituency, access to media to protest his innocence.[97] Patel had a mixed voting record on allowing same-sex marriage.[98] She ultimately voted against the 2013 Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill.[99][98]

Patel has been criticised by some for raising issues in the House of Commons related to her time working for the tobacco and alcohol industries.[8] As a parliamentarian, Patel has been consistently supportive of tobacco industry viewpoints: in October 2010, she voted for the smoking ban to be overturned; in December 2010, she signed a letter requesting that plain packaging for cigarettes be reconsidered. Patel has also campaigned with the drinks industry, holding a reception in parliament for the Call Time On Duty Campaign in favour of ending the alcohol duty escalator supported the Wine and Spirit Trade Association, the Scotch Whisky Association and the TaxPayers' Alliance.[100]

Speaking on BBC Radio Kent in March 2018, Patel said that she found the commonly-used abbreviation BME (for Black and Minority Ethnic) to be "patronising and insulting". This was because being born in Britain, she considered herself British first and foremost.[101]

She has served as a Vice-chair of Conservative Friends of Israel.[102]

Personal life

Patel has been married to Alex Sawyer since 2004.[103] Sawyer is a marketing consultant for the stock exchange NASDAQ. He is a Conservative councillor and Cabinet Member for Communities on the council of the London Borough of Bexley.[104][105][106] Sawyer also worked part-time as her office manager from February 2014 to August 2017.[106][107] Together they have a son, Freddie, born in August 2008.[108]

Notes

  1. ^ In 1975, the school became a comprehensive and then in 1995 it became partially selective.

References

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Priti Patel.
Parliament of the United Kingdom
New constituency Member of Parliament
for Witham
2010–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury
2014–2015 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of State for Employment
2015–2016
Preceded by Secretary of State for International Development
2016–2017 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Home Secretary
2019–present 		Incumbent
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