Remington Model 31
Remington Model 31 | |
---|---|
Type | Shotgun |
Place of origin | United States |
Service history | |
In service | 1931-Present[citation needed] |
Wars | World War II |
Production history | |
Designer | C.C. Loomis John Pedersen |
Designed | 1931 |
Manufacturer | Remington Arms |
Produced | 1931 - 1949 |
No. built | 196,000 |
Variants | Model 31L |
Specifications | |
Cartridge | 12-Gauge, 16-Gauge, 20-Gauge |
Barrels | Plain, solid rib, or vent rib |
Action | Pump-action |
Feed system | Tubular magazine |
Sights | Bead |
The Remington Model 31 is a pump-action shotgun that competed with the Winchester Model 1912 for the American sporting arms market.[1] Produced from 1931 to 1949, it superseded the John Pedersen-designed Models 10 and 29, and the John Browning-designed Model 17. It was replaced by the less expensive to manufacture Model 870 in 1950.[2]
History[edit]
While the Remington Model 17 enjoyed some success, a solid, 12-gauge featuring side-ejection was needed to compete with Winchester. C.C. Loomis sized up the Model 17 and adapted it for side ejection. The Model 31 was Remington's first side ejecting pump-action shotgun. Stocks were walnut with checkered walnut forend and later changed to a ribbed forend. The Model 31 was made in three gauges with 121,000 12-gauge models made and 75,000 16- and 20-gauge examples also produced. The Federal Bureau of Investigation acquired one Model 31 per office in 1935 in response to the Kansas City Massacre.[3] The model 31L was a lightweight version featuring an aluminum receiver and trigger housing.
During World War II Remington produced a Model 31 riot gun for military use. These were stamped "U.S. Property" on the left side of the receiver and had an approximate serial number range of 51000-63000. Except for a single prototype, no Model 31 trench guns were produced.[4]
Despite being well received, sales still lagged far behind the Winchester. Remington went back to the drawing board and designed the Model 870; this shotgun matched the durability of the Model 12 at a significantly lower cost. Despite the overwhelming success of the 870, many shotgun connoisseurs consider the Model 31 to be the ne plus ultra of pump shotguns with its "ball-bearing" slide action.[5]
The Model 31 was later used as a basis for the Mossberg 500 and related shotguns. The Mossberg is simplified and cheaper to produce. Notable differences are the use of a two-piece bolt with separate locking piece as well as a significantly simplified barrel mounting system. Further, the bolt locks into a barrel extension rather than directly to the receiver.
Users[edit]
Afghanistan[6]
Albania[7]
Algeria[8]
Andorra
Angola[9]
Antigua and Barbuda[citation needed]
Argentina[10]
Armenia[11]
Australia[12]
Austria[8]
Azerbaijan[13]
Bahamas
Bahrain[citation needed]
Bangladesh[14]
Barbados[15]
Belarus[16]
Belgium[17]
Benin[18]
Bermuda[19]
Bolivia[14]
Bosnia and Herzegovina[20]
Botswana[21]
Brazil[22]
Brunei[citation needed]
Bulgaria[23]
Burkina Faso
Burundi[citation needed]
Cambodia[24]
Cameroon[25]
Canada[19]
Cape Verde[citation needed]
Central African Republic[26]
Chad[27]
Chile[28]
Colombia[12]
Comoros
Costa Rica[29]
Croatia[21]
Cuba[14]
Cyprus[11]
Czech Republic[13]
Democratic Republic of Congo[30]
Denmark[31]
Djibouti[citation needed]
Dominican Republic[8]
East Timor[32]
Ecuador[9]
Egypt[14]
El Salvador[27]
Equatorial Guinea[21]
Eritrea
Estonia[12]
Ethiopia[33]
Fiji[25]
Finland[34]
France[14]
Gabon[9]
Gambia
Georgia[citation needed]
Ghana[17]
Greece[35]
Grenada[36]
Guatemala[12]
Guinea[37]
Guinea-Bissau[38]
Guyana[39]
Haiti
Honduras[20]
Hong Kong[citation needed]
Hungary[40]
Iceland[17]
India[12]
Indonesia
Iran[18]
Ireland[15]
Israel[38]
Ivory Coast[14]
Jamaica
Japan[9]
Jordan[36]
Katanga[citation needed]
Kazakhstan
Kenya[41]
Kosovo[28]
Kyrgyzstan[21]
Laos[42]
Latvia[13]
Lebanon[43]
Lesotho[12]
Liberia[9]
Liechtenstein
Lithuania[14]
Macedonia[33]
Madagascar[12]
Malawi[citation needed]
Malaysia[44]
Maldives
Mali[45]
Malta[15]
Mauritania[13]
Mauritius[citation needed]
Moldova[7]
Monaco
Mongolia[19]
Montenegro[46]
Morocco[14]
Mozambique[9]
Myanmar[47]
Namibia[48]
Nazi Germany: Used captured.[49]
Nepal[12]
New Zealand[14]
Nicaragua[9]
Nigeria[8]
North Korea[50]
Norway[51]
Oman[12]
Pakistan[52]
Panama[36]
Papua New Guinea[citation needed]
Paraguay[53]
People's Republic of China[54]
Peru[13]
Philippines
Poland[55]
Portugal[29]
Qatar[citation needed]
Republic of China[56]
Republic of Congo[57]
Romania[15]
Rwanda[citation needed]
Samoa[58]
San Marino
São Tomé and Príncipe[12]
Saudi Arabia[52]
Senegal[8]
Serbia[16]
Seychelles[59]
Sierra Leone[33]
Singapore[citation needed]
Slovakia[11]
Slovenia[14]
Somalia[60]
South Africa[12]
South Kasai
South Korea[61]
South Sudan[10]
South Vietnam[62]
Soviet Union[63]
Spain[64]
Sri Lanka[65]
Sudan[8]
Suriname[citation needed]
Syria[52]
Swaziland
Sweden[66]
Tajikistan[citation needed]
Tanzania[14]
Thailand[12]
Togo[17]
Tonga[48]
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia[9]
Turkey[20]
Uganda[12]
Ukraine[67]
United Arab Emirates[68]
United Kingdom[69]
United States[70]
Uruguay[citation needed]
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu[38]
Venezuela[14]
Vietnam[8]
Yugoslavia[71]
Zaire
Zambia[citation needed]
Zimbabwe[72]
References[edit]
- ^ Remington's Magnificent Five - Page Two
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-06-14.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Remington history page
- ^ Vanderpool, Bill "Bring Enough Gun" American Rifleman October 2013 pp.80-85&115-116
- ^ Canfield, Bruce (1992). U>S> Infantry Weapons of World War II. Lincoln, RI: Andrew Mowbray Publishers. p. 132. ISBN 0-917218-67-1.
- ^ Simpson, Lane. "Remington's Magnificent Five", Shooting Times, May 2000
- ^ Ch. M. Kieffer (15 December 1983). "Afghan". Encyclopædia Iranica (online ed.). Columbia University. Archived from the original on 16 November 2013.
- ^ a b Capie, David (2004). Under the Gun: The Small Arms Challenge in the Pacific. Wellington: Victoria University Press. pp. 66–69. ISBN 978-0864734532.
- ^ a b c d e f g Jowett, Philip S. (10 July 2005). The Chinese Army 1937–49: World War II and Civil War. Osprey Publishing. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-84176-904-2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Cite error: The named reference
Walter
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Bishop
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
Miller
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Cite error: The named reference
SupicaNahas2021
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e Cite error: The named reference
Gazette
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Cite error: The named reference
Arnold2021
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference
Koziel
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
WG
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference
TG
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Jane
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
Smith
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
gander2021
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference
bishop2021
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
FRB
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
ROB
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Khmer
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Davis
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
CAR
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Ball, Willis (2002). "Beretta's BM 59, The Ultimate Garand" (PDF). Guns. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 May 2006. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
auto
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
weapon
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Congo-Kinshasa
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Danish
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Timor-Leste
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
Tinderbox
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Finnish
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Jowett, Philip (20 Jul 2015). Armies of the Greek-Turkish War 1919–22. Men-at-Arms 501. Osprey Publishing. pp. 21–23, 43. ISBN 9781472806840.
- ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
Banana
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
miller2021
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
wayne2021
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
jones2021
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
ROH
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
shotgun
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
PDRL
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Remington
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Malaya
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
ROM
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
hogg2021
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
URM
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
bosshogg2021
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Nazi
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
DPRK
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Norwegian
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c Cite error: The named reference
Arab
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
ROP
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Miller, Tracy, ed. (7 October 2009). "Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2010.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Polish
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
ROC
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Congo-Brazzaville
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Western Samoa
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
ROS
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
FRS
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
ROK
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
RVN
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
USSR
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Spanish
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
Lanka
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Språklag (2009:600)" (in Swedish). Riksdag. 28 May 2009. Archived from the original on 10 November 2014. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
ROU
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
UAE
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
UK
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "The Bureau of Ghana Languages-BGL". Ghana Embassy Washington DC, USA. 2013. Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
SFRY
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
SupicaMahas2021
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
![]() | This firearms-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |