Roadmap to democracy
| Part of a series on the |
| Democracy movements in Myanmar |
|---|
The fighting peacock flag
|
| Background |
| Post-independence Burma |
| Internal conflict in Myanmar |
| Burmese Way to Socialism |
| State Peace and Development Council |
| Mass protests |
| 8888 Uprising · Saffron Revolution |
| Concessions and reforms |
| Roadmap to democracy New constitution Reforms of 2011 |
| Elections |
| 1990 · 2010 · 2012 |
| Organizations |
| National League for Democracy · 88 Generation Students Group · Burma Campaign UK · Free Burma Coalition · U.S. Campaign for Burma · Generation Wave · All Burma Students' Democratic Front · Third Force |
| Figures |
| U Nu · Aung Gyi · Tin Oo · Aung San Suu Kyi · Min Ko Naing · Thein Sein |
| Related topics |
| Human rights in Myanmar · Politics of Myanmar · Foreign relations of Myanmar |
Burma's roadmap to democracy (Burmese: ဒီမိုကရေစီလမ်းပြမြေပုံ ၇ ချက်; officially the Roadmap to Discipline-flourishing Democracy), announced by General Khin Nyunt on 30 August 2003 in state media, provided a seven-step process in restoring democracy in the country.[1] Endorsed by the State Peace and Development Council, it essentially describes the reassembly of the National Convention (အမျိုးသားညီလာခံ) in Nyaunghnapin, Hmawbi Township, Yangon Division to write a constitution, hold a national referendum to approve the constitution, hold general elections to elect members to the Hluttaw (legislative body), and finally hold parliamentary sessions.
Phases[edit]
This road map has been variously translated into English as:[2]
- First Phase - To reassemble the National Convention, which had been suspended since 1996.
- Second Phase - To implement step by step the requisite tasks for the founding of a democratic system when the National Convention has been successfully concluded.
- Third Phase - To draw up a draft constitution based on the general concepts and detailed principles advocated by the National Convention.
- Fourth Phase - To hold a national referendum in order to endorse the draft constitution.
- Fifth Phase - To hold free and fair elections for the formation of the required national legislative bodies (Hluttaw).
- Sixth Phase - To convene the meeting of elected representative to the Hluttaw.
- Seventh Phase - The leaders, government and authoritative bodies elected by the Hluttaw to continue with the task of constructing a new democratic state.
The translation found in the New Light of Myanmar is as follows:[3]
- Reconvening of the National Convention that has been adjourned since 1996.
- After the successful holding of the National Convention, step by step implementation of the process necessary for the emergence of a genuine and disciplined democratic system.
- Drafting of a new constitution in accordance with basic principles and detailed basic principles laid down by the National Convention.
- Adoption of the constitution through national referendum.
- Holding of free and fair elections for Pyithu Hluttaws (Legislative bodies) according to the new constitution.
- Convening of Hluttaws attended by Hluttaw members in accordance with the new constitution.
- Building a modern, developed and democratic nation by the state leaders elected by the Hluttaw; and the government and other central organs formed by the Hluttaw.
Reaction[edit]
Exile media and pro-democracy groups were critical of the road map, for its lack of set deadlines or time frames.[4] The Myanmar Times claimed that the roadmap represented progress and hope for the eventual democratization of the country.[5] UN envoy to Burma, Ibrahim Gambari pressed for a more "credible and inclusive" roadmap in 2008.[6]
References[edit]
- ^ http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=8052
- ^ http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/Perspective/persp2003/8-2003/map.htm
- ^ http://www.myatmyanmar.net/EN/men20040811.pdf
- ^ http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=8052
- ^ http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/myanmartimes/no186/MyanmarTimes10-186/032.htm
- ^ "U.N. envoy wants 'credible' Myanmar democracy roadmap".