Rutul language
| Rutul | |
|---|---|
| мыхӀабишды чӀел myxʼabišdy č̣el | |
| Pronunciation | [mɨxabiʃdɨ t͡ʃʼɛl] |
| Native to | Russia, Azerbaijan |
| Region | Southern Dagestan, Russian–Azerbaijani border |
| Ethnicity | Rutul |
Native speakers | 36,400 (2010 census)[1] |
| Cyrillic | |
| Official status | |
Official language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | rut |
| Glottolog | rutu1240[2] |
Rutul in the Caucasus | |
Rutul is a language spoken by the Rutuls, an ethnic group living in Dagestan (Russia) and some parts of Azerbaijan. It is spoken by 30,000 people in Dagestan (2010 census)[3] and 17,000 (no date) in Azerbaijan.[4] The word Rutul derives from the name of a Dagestani village where speakers of this language make up the majority.[5][full citation needed]
Rutul is endangered in Russia[6] and classified as "definitely endangered" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.[7]
Classification[edit]
Rutul belongs to the Lezgic group of the Northeast Caucasian language family. The Rutuls call their language myxʼabišdy čʼel.
History[edit]
Rutul was not a written language until the writing system for it (based on Cyrillic) was developed in 1990. A Latin alphabet was developed in 2013 based on the Shin-Shorsu dialect.[8] Speakers are often bilingual or multilingual, having a good command of the Azeri, Lezgian and/or Russian languages. There are 8 dialects and 2 subdialects of Rutul. The literary version of the language remains in the process of development. In the Rutul-populated regions of southern Russia, Rutul is taught in primary schools (grades 1 to 4).[5][full citation needed]
Related languages[edit]
Among the languages of the Lezgic group, Tsakhur appears to be the closest relative of Rutul.[9][full citation needed] Other than these two, there are seven more languages in the Lezgic group, namely: Lezgian, Tabasaran, Aghul, Budukh, Kryts, Udi and Archi.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "Rutul". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2018-07-31.
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Rutul". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ Информационные материалы об окончательных итогах Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года
- ^ Rutul language at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
- ^ a b (in Russian) ETHEO: Rutul Language
- ^ Published in: Encyclopedia of the world’s endangered languages. Edited by Christopher Moseley. London & New York: Routledge, 2007. 211–280.
- ^ UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger
- ^ Clarkson, Jonathan; Iurkova, Elena (December 2015). "Important Factors in the Development of an Orthography: Shin-Shorsu Rutul—a Case Study". SIL Forum for Language Fieldwork 2015-002. SIL International. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015. Retrieved 2016-06-22.
- ^ (in Russian) The Tsakhur language. The ETHEO Project. Last updated 11 October 2005. Retrieved 26 December 2006
External links[edit]
| Rutul language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator |