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São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport

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São Paulo/Guarulhos–Governor André Franco Montoro International Airport
Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo/Guarulhos–Governador André Franco Montoro
Summary
Airport typePublic / Military
Operator
  • Infraero (1985–2012)
  • GRU Airport (2012–present)
ServesSão Paulo
LocationGuarulhos, Brazil
Opened20 January 1985; 41 years ago (1985-01-20)
Hub for
Azul Brazilian Airlines
Time zoneBRT (UTC−03:00)
Elevation AMSL750 m (2,460 ft)
Coordinates23°26′08″S 46°28′23″W / 23.43556°S 46.47306°W / -23.43556; -46.47306
Websitewww.gru.com.br/index.html
Maps
DECEA airport chart
DECEA airport chart
GRU is located in São Paulo State
GRU
GRU
Location in São Paulo State
GRU is located in Brazil
GRU
GRU
Location in Braazil
GRU is located in South America
GRU
GRU
Location in South America
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
10L/28R 3,700 12,139 Asphalt
10R/28L 3,000 9,843 Asphalt
Statistics (2025)
Passengers47,188,085 Increase 8%
Aircraft operations305,188 Increase 6%
Statistics: GRU Airport[1]
Sources: Airport website,[2] ANAC,[3] DECEA[4]

São Paulo/Guarulhos–Governor André Franco Montoro International Airport (IATA: GRU, ICAO: SBGR), commonly known as São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport, is the primary international airport serving São Paulo, located in the municipality of Guarulhos, in the state of São Paulo. It is the largest airport in Brazil and Latin America, and one of the 50 busiest in the world by passenger traffic.[5][6] It is popularly known locally as either Cumbica Airport, after the district where it is located and the Brazilian Air Force base that exists at the Guarulhos Airport, after the municipality where it is located. Since 28 November 2001, the airport has been named after André Franco Montoro (1916–1999), former Governor of São Paulo state.[7] The airport was rebranded as GRU Airport in 2012.[8]

The airport is the busiest in Brazil in terms of transported passengers, aircraft operations, and cargo handled.[9][10][11] Guarulhos has slot restrictions, operating with a maximum of 45 operations/hour[12] and being one of the five airports with such restrictions in Brazil (the others are São Paulo-Congonhas, Brasília, Belo Horizonte-Pampulha and Rio de Janeiro-Santos Dumont).[13]

Since 2012, the airport has been operated by a consortium composed of Invepar S/A, Airports Company South Africa, and Infraero.[14] Some of its facilities are shared with the São Paulo Air Force Base of the Brazilian Air Force.

In 2017, it was considered by the company OAG the second best in punctuality in the world and first in Latin America, a position above that achieved in the previous year.[5] In 2019 the airport achieved the same position in a survey carried out by FlightStats.[15] In 2021, it was chosen by the Club Med study as one of the 35 best in the world for long layovers.[16] In a survey carried out by Cirium Aviation, it reached first position among the most punctual large airports in the world and second place in the "Global" category in 2024;[17] that same year, São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport was named one of the best airports in the world by AirHelp.[18]

History

[edit]
Part of terminal 2 in construction (1987)

In 2010, the airport served more than 26.8 million passengers, an increase of 24% over 2009 and passenger volumes were 31% in excess of its capacity rated at 20.5 million per year at its present configuration.[19]

In order to relieve the acute overcrowding at the Terminals 1 and 2, Infraero announced on 17 May 2011 that the former cargo terminals of the defunct airlines VASP and Transbrasil, later used by Federal Agencies, would undergo renovations and adaptations for use as domestic passenger terminals with remote boarding. This new terminal was initially called Terminal 4 (T4).[20] The first phase of the renovations, comprising the former VASP terminal, opened on 8 February 2012,[21][22] and the second phase, comprising the former Transbrasil terminal, was opened in June 2013. Contrary to what had been announced before, the new terminal will be permanent. Webjet was the first airline to use the new facility.[23] The new terminal, in its first phase, increased the capacity of the airport in 5.5 million passengers/year and, in the second phase to 8 million passengers/year. In total, Guarulhos would then be able to handle 28.5 million passengers/year.[24]

Responding to critiques to the situation of its airports, on 18 May 2011, Infraero released a list evaluating some of its most important airports according to its saturation levels. According to the list, Guarulhos was considered to be critically saturated, operating above 85% of its capacity.[25]

Following a decision made on 26 April 2011 by the Federal Government for private companies being granted concessions to explore some Infraero airports,[26] on 6 February 2012, the administration of the airport was conceded, for 20 years, to the Consortium Invepar–ACSA, also known as GRU Airport, composed by the Brazilian Invepar, an Investments and Funds Society (90%) and the South African ACSA–Airports Company South Africa (10%).[27] Infraero, the state-run organisation, remains with 49% of the shares of the company incorporated for the administration.[28][29]

On 2 December 2015, the airport's terminals were renumbered. The former Terminal 4 was renumbered Terminal 1; the former terminals 1 and 2, which were wings of a single building, became the new Terminal 2. The Terminal 3 kept its numbering. The new numbering reflects the order by which terminals are reached when one arrives at the airport by the access road, and is expected to be less confusing in the long term. Check-in counters and gates were also renumbered, with the first digit being now the new terminal number.[30]

On 28 October 2015, the National Civil Aviation Agency of Brazil (Anac) authorised Airbus A380 operations at Guarulhos Airport, effective four days later. The authorisation was granted after extensive works were conducted on the runways and taxiways (including widening runway 09L/27R to 60 metres (196 ft 10 in))[31] and special taxiing procedures were established.[32] On 14 November 2015, Emirates operated a one-time special flight with the A380 on its Dubai-São Paulo route to commemorate its eight years of operations in Brazil.[33] On 26 March 2017, Emirates started daily A380 service from Dubai to São Paulo, replacing the Boeing 777-300ER previously used on that route – coincidentally, on the same day that the other UAE airline, Etihad, ended its services to São Paulo.[34]

Facilities

[edit]

Runways and taxiways

[edit]

GRU has two parallel runways. Runway 10R/28L is 3,000 metres (9,843 ft) long and 45 metres (148 ft) wide, while runway 10L/28R is 3,700 metres (12,140 ft) long and 60 metres (200 ft) wide, after being widened in 2015 to better receive the Airbus A380.[35][31] The field elevation at the airport is 750 metres (2,459 ft) above mean sea level.[36] Runway 10R/28L is mostly used for landings and runway 10L/28R for takeoffs. There are high-speed exit taxiways on both runways that allow for traffic to depart the runway at higher speed to allow better efficiency for landing and takeoff traffic. As of 2014, there was an average of 650 takeoff and landing operations per day at the airport.[37]

Terminals

[edit]

The airport has four passenger terminals, numbered 1, 2, and 3, according to their order along the airport access road when arriving from the city, plus a VIP terminal.[citation needed]

  • Terminal 1 is the smallest and simplest. It handles only domestic flights and, as of January 2020, it is used only by Azul Brazilian Airlines. Terminal 1 has no jet bridges and no direct access to the other terminals, which can only be reached by a free shuttle bus.
  • Terminal 2 is the oldest and largest, and for many years was the only airport terminal. It handles the majority of domestic flights and a few international flights. The terminal is undergoing a retrofit process in internal and external areas to modernize the facilities and to improve the user experience. This terminal is divided into two boarding piers:
  • West Pier
The West Pier has sixteen jet bridges and it is used only by domestic flights.
  • East Pier
The East Pier has thirteen jet bridges and it is used by domestic and international flights.
  • Terminal 3 is the newest and most modern. It operates only international flights and concentrates most long-haul intercontinental traffic, in addition to LATAM Group's Latin American flights. It comprises a pier with twenty-two gates with jetways. Five of them can accommodate the Airbus A380.[32]
  • T3B Pier is a new pier being built to expand Terminal 3, with 14 jet bridges and three remote positions. Its completion is scheduled for the end of 2026.

According to information released by the authorities that manage the airport, after the inauguration of pier T3B, the east pier will be converted 100% for domestic flights, and a new domestic pier with ten boarding bridges, called T2L, will also be built after the west pier, with an expected opening in 2029.[citation needed]

Terminals 2 and 3 are directly linked by a walkway.[30]

The airport also has a large air cargo terminal with a built area of 97,000 square metres (1,040,000 sq ft) and capable of handling any type of cargo, including refrigerated and hazardous shipments.[38]

[edit]

There are two navigational aids that GRU traffic uses. The Bonsucesso very high frequency omnidirectional range with distance measuring equipment (VOR-DME) is located 9.1 kilometres; 5.6 miles (4.9 nmi) to the east of GRU.[35]

Developments

[edit]

In 2009 Infraero unveiled a R$ 1,489.5 million (US$784.7 USD million; €549.8 EUR million) investment plan to upgrade Guarulhos International Airport, focusing on preparations for the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the Summer Olympics in 2016. The investment was supposed to be used as follows:[39]

  • Construction of additional taxiways. Cost: R$ 19M. Completion: April 2016.
  • Enlargement of apron and taxiways. Cost: R$370,5M. Completion: May 2016.
  • Construction of passenger Terminal 3. Cost: R$1,100M. Completed: March 2014. Opened for Star Alliance airlines in May.

Central to this investment plan was Terminal 3, which is projected to add 12 million passenger capacity to the 17 million of the existing two terminals. Plans for a third runway were decided to be "technically impracticable" and were cancelled in January 2008.[citation needed]

However, the former concessionary, Infraero, experienced many legal and bureaucratic difficulties, which prevented most (if any) of these improvements from being completed on schedule. As of April 2013, the new concessionary unveiled a new expansion project, which included the new Terminal 3 (with a different design than the one proposed by Infraero), the widening of the main runway in order to enable operations by the large Airbus A380 and Boeing 747-8, operated by Emirates and Lufthansa respectively, and several other improvements in the existing terminals and parking area.[citation needed]

The Terminal 3 is open and all Star Alliance airlines are in, as well as many other overseas carriers. International flights by LATAM also use the facility.[citation needed]

A train service development and construction has also been planned, however never concluded and cancelled. This included an Airport Express Line linking the airport to downtown São Paulo and a Rio–São Paulo high-speed rail connecting Guarulhos to Rio de Janeiro-Galeão and Campinas-Viracopos airports.[40]

Since March 2017 American Airlines invested US$ 100 million on a 17,000 m2 (180,000 sq ft) maintenance hangar at Guarulhos Airport, building together with the LATAM Hangar of R$ 130 million.[41] The American Airlines one is capable of performing line maintenance on two wide-body aircraft at the same time, of the types commonly used by the U.S. company on routes between São Paulo and the United States and the LATAM one is capable of performing line maintenance of one wide-body aircraft. It could also be used by other companies as storage for parts. The same conditions applies to the LATAM maintenance center.[42]

Airlines and destinations

[edit]

Passenger

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
Aerolíneas Argentinas Buenos Aires–Aeroparque[43]
Seasonal: Punta del Este,[citation needed] San Carlos de Bariloche[44]
Aeroméxico Mexico City–Benito Juárez[45]
Air Canada Montréal–Trudeau,[46] Toronto–Pearson[47]
Air China Beijing–Capital,[48] Madrid[48]
Air Europa Madrid[49]
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle[50]
American Airlines Dallas/Fort Worth,[51] Miami,[51] New York–JFK[51]
Avianca Bogotá[52]
Arajet Punta Cana[53]
Azul Brazilian Airlines Belo Horizonte–Confins,[54] Porto Alegre[55]
Boliviana de Aviación Santa Cruz de la Sierra–Viru Viru[56]
Seasonal: Cochabamba[56]
British Airways London–Heathrow[57]
Copa Airlines Panama City–Tocumen[58]
Delta Air Lines Atlanta,[59] New York–JFK[60]
Emirates Dubai–International[61]
Ethiopian Airlines Addis Ababa,[62] Buenos Aires–Ezeiza[62]
Gol Linhas Aéreas Caracas,[63] Fernando de Noronha,[64] Rio de Janeiro–Galeão,[65] Vitória[66]
Seasonal: Punta Cana,[67] Punta del Este,[68] San Carlos de Bariloche,[69] Ushuaia[70]
Iberia Madrid[71]
ITA Airways Rome–Fiumicino[72]
KLM Amsterdam[73]
LATAM Brasil Amsterdam,[74] Boa Vista,[75] Bonito,[76] Brasília,[75] Brussels,[74] Caldas Novas,[77] Campo Grande,[75] Cape Town,[78] Córdoba (AR),[79] Dourados,[76] Fernando de Noronha,[75] Juiz de Fora,[80] Madrid,[81] Pelotas,[82] Porto Alegre,[75] Punta Cana,[83] Rio Branco,[75] Rio de Janeiro–Galeão,[84] Rosario,[79] Uberaba[85]
Seasonal: San Carlos de Bariloche,[86] Ushuaia[87]
LATAM Paraguay Asunción[88]
Lufthansa Frankfurt[89]
Seasonal: Munich[90]
Qatar Airways Doha[91]
Royal Air Maroc Casablanca[92]
Sky Airline Santiago de Chile[93]
Seasonal: San Carlos de Bariloche[94]
Sky Airline Peru Lima[95]
South African Airways Cape Town,[96] Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo[96]
Swiss International Air Lines Buenos Aires–Ezeiza (temporarily suspended),[97] Zürich[97]
TAAG Angola Airlines Luanda–Agostinho Neto[98]
TAP Air Portugal Lisbon,[99] Porto[99]
Turkish Airlines Buenos Aires–Ezeiza,[100] Istanbul,[100] Santiago de Chile[100]
United Airlines Chicago–O'Hare,[101] Houston–Intercontinental,[102] Newark,[103] Washington–Dulles[104]
WestJet Seasonal: Calgary (begins 9 November 2026)[105]

Cargo

[edit]
AirlinesDestinations
Atlas Air Los Angeles,[106] Miami,[106] Quito,[106] Santiago de Chile[106]
Ethiopian Cargo Chongqing,[107] Xiamen[108]
Gol Linhas Aéreas Fortaleza,[109] São Luís,[109] Teresina[109]
LATAM Cargo Brasil Manaus[110]
Total Express Manaus[111]

Statistics

[edit]
Air view in 2022
Terminal 3 in 2014
Terminal 3 landside in 2014

Following are the number of passenger, aircraft and cargo movements at the airport, according to Infraero (2007-2012) and GRU Airport (2013-2025) reports:[112][113][114][1]

YearPassengerAircraftCargo (t)
202547,188,085 Increase 8%305,188 Increase 6%
202443,580,962 Increase 6%288,063 Increase 5%
202341,307,915 Increase 20%274,917 Increase 13%
202234,480,706 Increase 43%242,881 Increase 29%
202124,170,612 Increase 19%188,573 Increase 21%
202020,322,520 Decrease 53%155,912 Decrease 47%
201943,002,119 Increase 2%291,987 Steady
201842,230,309 Increase 12%293,084 Increase 10%
201737,765,898 Increase 3%266,016 Decrease 1%
201636,606,363 Decrease 6%268,139 Decrease 43%
201538,983,779 Decrease 1%296,618 Decrease 3%
201439,539,992 Increase 10%306,050 Increase 8%
201335,962,128 Increase 10%284,184 Increase 4%
201232,777,330 Increase 9%273,884 Increase 1%474,190 Decrease 7%
201130,003,428 Increase 12%270,600 Increase 8%511,484 Increase 19%
201026,849,185 Increase 24%250,493 Increase 19%430,850 Increase 13%
200921,727,649 Increase 7%209,636 Increase 8%382,723 Decrease 19%
200820,400,304 Increase 9%194,184 Increase 3%475,209 Decrease 3%
200718,795,596187,960488,485
Busiest International Routes from GRU Airport (2024) [115]
RankAirportPassengersChange 2023 / 24
1.Santiago de Chile1,499,136Increase32,59%
2.Buenos Aires–Aeroparque1,109,987Increase13,58%
3.Miami869,266Increase10,84%
4.Lisbon850,619Increase18,37%
5.Madrid833,720Increase26,31%
6.Paris–Charles de Gaulle602,214Increase4,37%
7.Panama562,077Increase1,3%
8.Bogotá546,416Increase17,22%
9.New York527,486Increase0,67%
10.Lima526,131Increase38,19%
11.Rome521,018Increase48,69%
12.Frankfurt504,597Decrease0,03%
13.London501,357Increase4,62%
14.Buenos Aires–Ezeiza410,546Decrease12,88%
15.Montevideo397,025Decrease2,98%
16.Doha391,330Decrease4,54%
17.Atlanta353,162Increase15,34%
18.Dubai297,923Decrease10,27%
19.Mexico City297,847Increase9,33%
20.Asunción263,927Increase15,56%

Accidents and incidents

[edit]
  • On 28 January 1986, a VASP Boeing 737-2A1 registered PP-SME flying from Guarulhos to Belo Horizonte unknowingly tried to take-off from Guarulhos, during foggy conditions, from a taxiway. The take-off was aborted, but the aircraft overran, collided with a dyke and broke in two. One passenger died.[116]
  • On 21 March 1989, a Transbrasil Cargo Boeing 707-349C registered PT-TCS operating Flight 801, flying from Manaus to São Paulo-Guarulhos, crashed at the district of Vila Barros in Guarulhos, shortly before touch-down at runway 09R. That day, at 12:00, the runway was going to be closed for maintenance and the crew decided to speed up procedures to touch-down before closure (it was already 11:54). In a hurry, one of the crew members, by mistake, activated the air-dynamic brakes, and the aircraft lost too much speed to have enough aerodynamic support (resulting in a stall). As a consequence the aircraft crashed approximately 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the airport. There were 25 fatalities, of which three were crew members and 22 were civilians on the ground. As well as the 22 fatalities, there were over 200 injured on the ground.[117]
  • On 2 March 1996, a Madrid Táxi Aéreo Gates Learjet 25D registered PT-LSD transporting the Brazilian band Mamonas Assassinas crashed into Cantareira mountain range, located north of the airport, at 23:16 local time killing all 9 passengers on board including the band themselves. The aircraft was returning home after attended a show in Brasília, it was on final approach to land on the runway 09R, but went around. As it flew toward the runway for a second attempt to land, the ATC instructed the pilots to make a right turn heading south, but they turned north (left) and crashed into the mountain range at 3,300 feet (1,000 m), 10.0 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the airport. Ironically, all band members were from a Guarulhos neighborhood located close to the airport.[citation needed]
  • On 14 September 2002, a Total Linhas Aéreas ATR42-312 registered PT-MTS on a cargo flight between São Paulo-Guarulhos and Londrina crashed while en route near Paranapanema. The crew of 2 died.[118]
  • 9 November 2024: Total Linhas Aéreas Flight 5682, a Boeing 737-400SF registered as PS-TLB, flying from Eurico de Aguiar Salles Airport in Vitória, made an emergency landing at the airport, with a fire in the cargo hold. Shortly after landing, the fire spread rapidly to the rear section. The pilots evacuated quickly and there were no injuries. The aircraft was a total loss due to the severe fire.[citation needed]

Ground transport

[edit]

The airport is located 25 km (16 mi) from downtown São Paulo.

Train

[edit]
GRU Airport People Mover
Legend
to Engenheiro Goulart
 Aeroporto–Guarulhos
Terminal 1
Terminal 2
Terminal 3

The airport is adjacent to Aeroporto-Guarulhos, a station on Line 13-Jade, operated by CPTM. This line started its operations on 31 March 2018.[119] That makes São Paulo's São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport (GRU) the first among major South American airport hubs (such as Buenos Aires-Ezeiza, Santiago de Chile, Lima, Bogotá, and Rio de Janeiro-Galeão) to have a direct railway connection.[120][121][122][123][124][125]

Airport Metro Station in GRU

Since December 2020, an Airport Express service, from Luz station to Aeroporto-Guarulhos, departs from each terminus every hour. It attends only one station towards Aeroporto-Guarulhos (Guarulhos-CECAP station), and 2 stations towards Luz (Guarulhos-CECAP and Brás).[126] Since September 2023, the Airport Express was extended to Palmeiras-Barra Funda.[127]

Guarulhos Airport Train Station

Aeroporto-Guarulhos station is located near Terminal 1, the smallest and least busy of Guarulhos Airport's terminals. Passengers can access Terminal 1, Terminal 2 and Terminal 3 via the free GRU Airport People Mover.[128]

Bus

[edit]
View of Hélio Smidt Highway and Line 13 (CPTM) around Guarulhos

Bus transportation is available through the Airport Bus Service, an executive bus line, administered by EMTU and operated by Consórcio Internorte – Área 3. This service provides transportation connecting Guarulhos to Congonhas airport; to Tietê Bus Terminal; to Palmeiras-Barra Funda Intermodal Terminal, to Faria Lima Ave; To Republica Square (Praça da República); To Berrini Ave., Itaim Bibi district; and to the circuit of hotels along Paulista Avenue and Rua Augusta. The ride takes about one hour, depending on traffic.[129] At the airport, tickets can be purchased at the counter located outside the lounge of the Terminal 1, Wing B's arrivals level.[citation needed]

Pássaro Marron/EMTU, a syndicate of the Internorte Consortium, offers two regular bus lines, 257 and 299, connecting Tatuapé subway station (Line 3-Red) with Guarulhos Airport every 30 minutes. At Tatuapé, both buses can be picked up on a platform of that multimodal station's North side bus terminal. At the airport, the stop for both buses is at the Arrivals level road connecting the wings of Terminal 2.[citation needed]

Gol Airlines and LATAM offer for their passengers free bus transfers between Guarulhos and Congonhas airports at regular times.[130][131]

Viação Cometa offers daily departures to and from the airport and the cities of Santos, Sorocaba, São Vicente, and Praia Grande.[132] Lirabus operates daily buses between the airport and Campinas. Pássaro Marron offers bus services to São José dos Campos with departures every two hours. Viação Transdutra connects the airport with the city of Arujá.[citation needed]

Car

[edit]

The airport has its own highway system: The Rodovia Hélio Smidt Highway which connects the airport to the Presidente Dutra Highway or the Ayrton Senna Highway. Residents of Guarulhos can access the road via Monteiro Lobato Avenue.[citation needed]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 "Resumo de movimentação aeroportuária". GRU Airport (in Portuguese). Retrieved 11 June 2026.
  2. ↑ "GRU Airport". GRU Airport (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 26 September 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  3. ↑ "Aeródromos". ANAC (in Portuguese). 29 June 2020. Archived from the original on 30 September 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
  4. ↑ "Guarulhos - Governador André Franco Montoro (SBGR)". DECEA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  5. 1 2 "Entre os maiores do mundo, aeroporto de Guarulhos é o segundo mais pontual". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 January 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  6. ↑ Calixto, Filip (20 February 2026). "Guarulhos retoma posto de maior aeroporto da América Latina, diz concessionária". Portal PANROTAS (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 22 February 2026.
  7. ↑ "Lei n˚10.314, de 28 de novembro de 2001". Presidência da República (in Portuguese). 28 November 2001. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  8. ↑ Dores, Kelly (November 27, 2012). "Aeroporto de Guarulhos adota nova identidade: GRU Airport". propmark (in Portuguese). Editora Referência. Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
  9. ↑ "GRU Airport - Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo". GRU Airport - Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  10. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ↑ "2023 Airport Traffic Report" (PDF). Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. April 2024. p. 32.
  12. ↑ Komatsu, Alberto (March 16, 2010). "ANAC vai por limite de pouso e decolagem em mais seis aeroportos" (in Portuguese). Valor Online. Archived from the original on July 23, 2012. Retrieved March 19, 2010.
  13. ↑ "Anac restringe pousos e decolagens". Revista em Discussão (in Portuguese). Senado Federal (Brazilian Federal Senate). November 2010. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  14. ↑ "Invepar Website". Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
  15. ↑ Viana, Pedro (11 September 2019). "Congonhas é vice-líder em pontualidade no mundo e primeiro na América Latina". Aeroflap (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  16. ↑ Basseto, Murilo (12 October 2021). "Aeroporto de Guarulhos é um dos 35 melhores do mundo para longas escalas, veja o ranking". AEROIN (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  17. ↑ "THE MOST ON-TIME AIRPORTS" (PDF). Cirium. June 2024. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  18. ↑ "AirHelp Score | 2024 Best Airport Rankings Worldwide | Airport Ratings". AirHelp. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  19. ↑ "Movimento operacional da rede Infraero de janeiro a dezembro de 2012" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Infraero. 14 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013. [permanent dead link]
  20. ↑ Salomon, Marta (18 May 2011). "Galpão vira terminal em Guarulhos" (in Portuguese). O Estado de S. Paulo. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  21. ↑ Borges, André (16 December 2012). "Terminal de Guarulhos fica pronto só em 2012" (in Portuguese). Valor Econômico. Archived from the original on 11 February 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2012.
  22. ↑ "Novo terminal de Cumbica fica só para janeiro" (in Portuguese). Veja. 18 December 2011. Archived from the original on 6 March 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
  23. ↑ "Webjet passa a utilizar o terminal 4 de Cumbica no dia 8" (in Portuguese). O Estado de S. Paulo. 2 February 2012. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
  24. ↑ Costa, Nataly (1 December 2011). "Cumbica inaugura no dia 20 mais um terminal, a 2 quilômetros dos atuais" (in Portuguese). O Estado de S. Paulo. Archived from the original on 1 December 2011. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  25. ↑ "Governo muda critério de avaliação e 'melhora' desempenho de aeroportos" (in Portuguese). O Estado de S. Paulo. 19 May 2011. Archived from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  26. ↑ Bitencourt, Rafael (26 April 2011). "Governo define concessão de obras em 3 aeroportos, diz Palocci" (in Portuguese). Valor Online. Archived from the original on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2011.
  27. ↑ Rittner, Daniel (7 February 2012). "Cumbica, Viracopos e Brasília são privatizados". Valor Econômico (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
  28. ↑ Salomon, Marta; Monteiro, Tânia (1 June 2011). "Governo pretende privatizar três aeroportos e abrir o capital da Infraero" (in Portuguese). O Estado de S. Paulo: Economia. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
  29. ↑ "Brazil moves swiftly (at last) to award airport concessions". Centre for Aviation. 9 February 2014. Archived from the original on 15 March 2014.
  30. 1 2 Gallo, Ricardo (12 November 2015). "Aeroporto de Guarulhos troca número de portões e terminais". Folha de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  31. 1 2 Casagrande, Vinícius (2 February 2017). "Pistas de Guarulhos são alargadas para voos diários do maior avião do mundo". Todos a Bordo (in Portuguese). UOL. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  32. 1 2 "GRU Airport obtém autorização para operar o A380" (in Portuguese). GRU Airport. October 2015. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  33. ↑ "Emirates to Operate One-off A380 Flight to Sao Paulo". Emirates. 27 October 2015. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  34. ↑ Carvalho, Rafael (17 March 2017). "Maior avião de passageiros do mundo, A380 pousa em SP; veja fotos". Esse Mundo É Nosso (in Portuguese). São Paulo: R7.com. Archived from the original on 29 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  35. 1 2 "World Aero Data: GUARULHOS GOV ANDRE FRANCO MONTOURO [sic] – SBGR". Archived from the original on 15 May 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  36. ↑ "GRU – São Paulo [Guarulhos Intl], SP, BR – Airport – Great Circle Mapper". Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  37. ↑ "Sao Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport". Infraero. Archived from the original on June 17, 2015. Retrieved April 29, 2014.
  38. ↑ "GRU Airport Cargo". GRU Airport. Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  39. ↑ Rittner, Daniel; Braga, Paulo Victor (31 August 2009). "Infraero vai gastar R$5 bi em reforma de aeroportos". Valor Econômico (in Portuguese). pp. A4. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  40. ↑ "Trem de alta velocidade" (in Portuguese). Brazilian Ministry of Transportation. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved August 7, 2011.
  41. ↑ Le Sénéchal, André (12 March 2017). "American projeta um hangar de US$100 milhões no GRU Airport". Aero In (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  42. ↑ Kasper, Marty (13 March 2017). "Brazil hangar project worries Tulsa American Airlines employees". News on 6. Tulsa. Archived from the original on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  43. ↑ "Ofensiva comercial de Aerolíneas Argentinas para atraer brasileños en temporada baja". Aviacionline (in Spanish). 20 April 2026. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  44. ↑ "Aerolíneas Argentinas mantém voos diretos do Brasil para Bariloche na temporada de neve de 2026". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 28 October 2025. Retrieved 29 October 2025.
  45. ↑ "AeroMexico aumenta voos para São Paulo". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 20 August 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2026.
  46. ↑ "Montreal, QC, Canada YMQ". OAG Flight Guide Worldwide. 27 (1). Luton, United Kingdom: OAG Aviation Worldwide Limited: 768–771. July 2025. ISSN 1466-8718. OCLC 41608313.
  47. ↑ "Toronto, ON, Canada YTO". OAG Flight Guide Worldwide. 27 (1). Luton, United Kingdom: OAG Aviation Worldwide Limited: 1156–1162. July 2025. ISSN 1466-8718. OCLC 41608313.
  48. 1 2 "Air China mantém frequência de quatro voos semanais para o Brasil por mais tempo do que era previsto". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 20 June 2026. Retrieved 15 July 2026.
  49. ↑ "A partir de hoje, Air Europa torna diários seus voos entre Guarulhos e Madri". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 28 March 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2026.
  50. ↑ "Voos da Air France para São Paulo terão nova classe executiva no Airbus A350". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 26 September 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2026.
  51. 1 2 3 "American Airlines completa 35 anos voando para o Brasil". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 5 September 2025. Retrieved 15 July 2026.
  52. ↑ "Avianca terá frequência de 56 voos semanais ao Brasil, para 4 destinos, na alta temporada de meio de ano". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 21 May 2026. Retrieved 15 July 2026.
  53. ↑ "Arajet inicia venda dos voos da República Domicana para o Brasil por R$747" (in Portuguese). 1 June 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2026.
  54. ↑ "Aeroporto de Confins passa a receber voos inéditos da Azul". Portal Eventos (in Portuguese). 14 January 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2026.
  55. ↑ Benevides, Gabriel (21 October 2025). "Azul restores its entire network in Porto Alegre and plans expansion for 2026". Aeroflap. Retrieved 12 May 2026.
  56. 1 2 "Estatal Boliviana de Aviación amplia operação entre a Bolívia e o Brasil, com a inclusão de novo voo para São Paulo". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 11 May 2026. Retrieved 15 July 2026.
  57. ↑ "British Airways reduzirá operações em São Paulo no final do ano". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 10 February 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  58. ↑ "Copa Airlines terá mais voos no Brasil em 2026; veja rotas e frequências". Melhores destinos (in Portuguese). 12 September 2025. Retrieved 11 July 2026.
  59. ↑ "Delta dobra número de voos entre Atlanta e São Paulo" (in Portuguese). 13 September 2022. Retrieved 17 July 2026.
  60. ↑ "Delta retoma voos entre Nova York e Guarulhos nesta sexta". Panrotas (in Portuguese). 11 February 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2026.
  61. ↑ "Dubai, United Arab Emirates DXB". OAG Flight Guide Worldwide. 26 (11). Luton, United Kingdom: OAG Aviation Worldwide Limited: 337–343. May 2025. ISSN 1466-8718. OCLC 41608313.
  62. 1 2 "Ethiopian Airlines volta a colocar o Airbus A350 nas rotas para a América do Sul, incluindo Brasil e Argentina". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 2 April 2026. Retrieved 15 July 2026.
  63. ↑ "GOL retoma vendas de voos para a Venezuela, com reinício da rota de São Paulo para Caracas em março". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 6 February 2026. Retrieved 6 February 2026.
  64. ↑ "Após obras problemáticas, GOL finalmente confirma volta a Fernando de Noronha e com voo inédito". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 14 February 2025. Retrieved 28 February 2025.
  65. ↑ "GOL Announced As Official Carrier For Routes Americas 2026". Aviation Week. 27 January 2026. Retrieved 17 April 2026.
  66. ↑ "GOL voará de Vitória direto para Brasília e Porto Seguro". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 21 November 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2026.
  67. ↑ "Gol anuncia suspensão temporária de voos para Cancún e Punta Cana". Panrotas (in Portuguese). 10 December 2025. Retrieved 12 December 2025.
  68. ↑ "Começam as vendas de passagens aéreas para a rota de verão da GOL entre Porto Alegre e Punta del Este". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 24 April 2026. Retrieved 25 April 2026.
  69. ↑ "GOL terá voos para Bariloche e anuncia retorno para Córdoba". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 5 February 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2025.
  70. ↑ "GOL terá rota sazonal inédita entre São Paulo e o "Fim do Mundo" no inverno do ano que vem". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 26 November 2025. Retrieved 27 November 2025.
  71. ↑ "Iberia planeja aumento de voos para São Paulo/Guarulhos com os modernos Airbus A350". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 22 August 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  72. ↑ "Voo inaugural da ITA Airways em Guarulhos é saudado com jatos d'água antes da decolagem". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 2 June 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  73. ↑ "KLM ampliará voos para o Aeroporto de Guarulhos durante a alta temporada". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 3 July 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2026.
  74. 1 2 "LATAM inicia vendas e define horários dos voos para Amsterdã e Bruxelas: veja a programação". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 19 November 2025. Retrieved 19 November 2025.
  75. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Menezes, Pedro (17 December 2025). "Latam Brasil revela balanço de crescimento de operações nos principais aeroportos em 2025". Portal PANROTAS (in Portuguese). Retrieved 13 May 2026.
  76. 1 2 "LATAM anuncia voos para dois novos destinos no Brasil". Flap International (in Portuguese). 9 May 2025. Retrieved 11 May 2025.
  77. ↑ "Latam inaugura voos entre São Paulo/Guarulhos e Caldas Novas (GO)". Panrotas (in Portuguese). 15 June 2026. Retrieved 16 June 2026.
  78. ↑ "LATAM inaugura nesta semana três rotas internacionais a partir do Brasil". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 30 June 2026. Retrieved 12 July 2026.
  79. 1 2 "LATAM aposta forte na Argentina e retoma voos diretos para os EUA". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 9 May 2025. Retrieved 12 May 2025.
  80. ↑ "LATAM reinaugura voos no Aeroporto da Zona da Mata, próximo a Juiz de Fora, em Minas Gerais". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 1 May 2026. Retrieved 1 May 2026.
  81. ↑ ""Profitable and disciplined growth": LATAM Airlines talks recent European expansion and oneworld departure". Aero Global Space News. 14 December 2025. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  82. ↑ "LATAM anuncia nova rota regular entre São Paulo-Guarulhos e Pelotas, no Rio Grande do Sul". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 27 November 2024. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  83. ↑ "LATAM anuncia rota entre Brasil e Caribe". Panrotas (in Portuguese). 8 January 2026. Retrieved 8 January 2026.
  84. ↑ "LATAM triplicou sua oferta doméstica de assentos no Galeão com as mudanças de voos do Santos Dumont" (in Portuguese). 7 October 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2026.
  85. ↑ "Uberaba terá voo direto para Guarulhos com três frequências semanais da LATAM". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 11 July 2025. Retrieved 11 July 2025.
  86. ↑ "Alta demanda faz LATAM ampliar o número de voos entre Guarulhos e Bariloche antes do início da operação". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 17 February 2025. Retrieved 17 February 2025.
  87. ↑ "LATAM Expands Brazil–Patagonia Links With New São Paulo–Ushuaia Nonstop". The Rio Times. 14 January 2026. Retrieved 25 February 2026.
  88. ↑ "Latam anuncia reinicio de vuelos desde Paraguay". ABC Color (in Spanish). 2 November 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2026.
  89. ↑ "Muito bom! Lufthansa terá mais voos para o Brasil no próximo verão". Melhores destinos (in Portuguese). 21 May 2026. Retrieved 12 July 2026.
  90. ↑ "Com Airbus A350, Lufthansa retoma voos diretos entre São Paulo e Munique". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 5 November 2025. Retrieved 7 November 2025.
  91. ↑ "Qatar Airways expande rota para São Paulo, que passará a ter três voos diários". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 5 May 2025. Retrieved 12 July 2026.
  92. ↑ "Royal Air Maroc aumentará voos de Casablanca para São Paulo". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 18 May 2026. Retrieved 12 July 2026.
  93. ↑ "Sky Airline voará de Santiago para mais dois destinos no Brasil: Belo Horizonte e Brasília". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 8 January 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2026.
  94. ↑ "SKY Airline inaugura rota direta entre Guarulhos e Bariloche, na Argentina, com escala em Santiago". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 15 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  95. ↑ "SKY Peru inaugurou seus voos entre Lima e São Paulo". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 4 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2026.
  96. 1 2 "South African anuncia retorno ao Brasil com rota inédita para a Cidade do Cabo". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 29 June 2023. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  97. 1 2 "Swiss suspende voos entre São Paulo e Buenos Aires por um tempo durante as obras no aeroporto de Ezeiza". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 11 July 2026. Retrieved 11 July 2026.
  98. ↑ "TAAG adiciona cabine Premium Economy na rota São Paulo-Luanda". Flap International (in Portuguese). 6 March 2026. Retrieved 11 July 2026.
  99. 1 2 "TAP Air Portugal comemora 60 anos de voos para o Brasil com rotas para 15 cidades diferentes no país". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 14 June 2026. Retrieved 17 June 2026.
  100. 1 2 3 "Começou! Turkish Airlines estreia operação de dois voos diários entre Brasil e Turquia". Melhores Destinos (in Portuguese). 19 June 2026. Retrieved 10 July 2026.
  101. ↑ "United Airlines começa a voar regularmente ao Brasil com o maior dos Boeings 787". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 26 March 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2026.
  102. ↑ "United Airlines Inicia Operação com Boeing 787 em Voos do Rio de Janeiro Para Houston". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 18 August 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2026.
  103. ↑ "United Airlines ajusta modelo de avião que opera na rota de Newark a São Paulo para o verão norte-americano". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 28 March 2026. Retrieved 10 July 2026.
  104. ↑ "United retoma nesta semana os voos do Brasil para a capital dos EUA". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 21 March 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2026.
  105. ↑ Gonzalez, Daniel (19 January 2026). "São Paulo announced as WestJet's 100th non-stop flight destination from Calgary". Calgary Herald. Retrieved 19 January 2026.
  106. 1 2 3 4 "Atlas Air Schedule". Atlas Air. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  107. ↑ "Ethiopian Airlines puts Chongqing on freighter map". Stat Times. 9 July 2019. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  108. ↑ Brett, Damian (13 February 2023). "Ethiopian Cargo adds Brazil-China freighter flights". Air Cargo News. Archived from the original on 19 May 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  109. 1 2 3 "Conheça a rede aérea da Gol para o Mercado Livre; primeiro voo liga Guarulhos a Fortaleza". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 18 August 2022. Archived from the original on 10 October 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  110. ↑ "LATAM terá mais dois voos cargueiros de Guarulhos para Manaus, aumentando em 110 toneladas a oferta na rota\website=Aeroin" (in Portuguese). 2 April 2026. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  111. ↑ "Total Express dá detalhes da nova companhia aérea brasileira, a Anivia". Aeroin (in Portuguese). 12 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  112. ↑ "Anuário Estatístico Operacional" (PDF). Infraero (in Portuguese). 12 April 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  113. ↑ "Estatísticas". Infraero (in Portuguese). Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  114. ↑ "Relatório Operacional 2013" (PDF). GRU Airport (in Portuguese). Retrieved 26 January 2023.
  115. ↑ "ANAC".
  116. ↑ "Accident description PP-SME". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  117. ↑ "Accident description PT-TCS". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
  118. ↑ "Accident description PT-MTS". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  119. ↑ "Estação da CPTM que leva ao Aeroporto de Guarulhos é inaugurada". Governo do Estado de São Paulo. 31 March 2018. Archived from the original on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  120. ↑ "Transporte Público". Aeropuertos Argentina 2000 (in Spanish). Retrieved 7 June 2025.
  121. ↑ "Cómo ir del Aeropuerto de Buenos Aires (Ezeiza) al centro". El Viajista (in Spanish). 22 March 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2025.
  122. ↑ "Boric: El Metro llegará al Aeropuerto". Nuevo Pudahuel (in Spanish). 20 May 2024. Retrieved 7 June 2025.
  123. ↑ "Ramal de la Línea 4 del Metro que conectará con el aeropuerto Jorge Chávez será completamente autónomo". Energiminas (in Spanish). 1 April 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2025.
  124. ↑ "El Metro de Bogotá se conectaría con el Aeropuerto El Dorado: esto dijo el alcalde". Infobae (in Spanish). 21 May 2025. Retrieved 7 June 2025.
  125. ↑ "Com investimento de R$ 2 bi, Rio planeja metrô leve para o Aeroporto do Galeão". CNN Brasil (in Portuguese). 24 May 2025. Retrieved 7 June 2025.
  126. ↑ Meier, Ricardo (1 December 2020). "Em novo formato, Expresso Aeroporto da Linha 13 estreia nesta terça-feira" [In new format, Line 13 Airport Express is launched this Tuesday]. Metrô CPTM (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  127. ↑ "Secretaria dos Transportes Metropolitanos e CPTM iniciam operação do Expresso Aeroporto até a Estação Palmeiras-Barra Funda". CPTM (in Brazilian Portuguese). Companhia Paulista de Trens Metropolitanos. 3 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2025.
  128. ↑ Lobo, Renato (4 December 2025). "Aeromóvel de Guarulhos começa a operação com funcionários do aeroporto -". Via Trolebus (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 4 December 2025.
  129. ↑ "Airport Bus Service" (in Portuguese). EMTU. Archived from the original on 7 December 2011. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  130. ↑ "Transporte para aeroportos" (in Portuguese). Gol Airlines. Archived from the original on 25 September 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
  131. ↑ "Traslados Nacionais". TAM Airlines. Archived from the original on 25 February 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
  132. ↑ "Caprioli Turismo". VBTransportes.com.br (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
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