Sahardjo
Dr. Sahardjo | |
|---|---|
 Sketch of Sahardjo, from the Encyclopedia of Jakarta | |
| 11th Minister of Justice of Indonesia | |
| In office 10 July 1959 – 1963 | |
| President | Sukarno |
| Preceded by | Gustaef A. Maengkom |
| Succeeded by | Astrawinata |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 26 June 1909 Surakarta, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 13 November 1963 (aged 54) |
| Resting place | Kalibata Heroes Cemetery |
| Citizenship | Indonesian |
Dr. Sahardjo LL.B., (EYD: Saharjo; 26 June 1909 – 13 November 1963) was Minister of Justice of Indonesia during three cabinets, the First, Second, and Third Working Cabinets.
Biography
Sahardjo was born in Surakarta, Dutch East Indies on 26 June 1909.[1] After dropping out from medical school, he went on to study law, graduating with a bachelour's degree in 1941.[2] At first he taught at a private school, but he then became active in politics, joining and eventually leading the Indonesian Party (Partai Indonesia).[2] He participated in framing the 1947 citizenship law and the 1953 law on public elections.[3]
Sahardjo served as Minister of Justice for three periods.[4] His first period was during the First Working Cabinet, from 10 July 1959 to 18 February 1960.[4] His second was during the Second Working Cabinet, from 18 February 1960 to 6 March 1962, and his third was during the Third Working Cabinet, from 6 March 1962 to 13 November 1963;[4] during the Third Working Cabinet he was also Deputy Prime Minister / Coordinator of the Interior.[5] During Sahardjo's time as Minister of Justice, there was also "fierce but publicly muted" debate regarding legal fundamentals such as nulla poena sine lege ('no penalty without a law').[6] Together with Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Wirjono Prodjodikoro, he argued for greater protection of the freedoms of criminals and suspects; this eventually won general support, as the populace was displeased with the poor performance of Prosecutor General Goenawan.[6]
Sahardjo and Prodjodikoro moved to civil law reform in 1962, with Sahardjo proposing that both civil and commercial codes, remnants from the colonial period, be rescinded completely.[6][5] This proposal, supported by Prodjodikoro and several members of the law community, was heavily opposed by advocates and judges; the advocates and judges argued that it would increase legal uncertainty, while Prodjodikoro argued that little would change as much had already been replaced.[6] Sahardjo's preferred legal institution would be free of the "discriminatory" remnants of colonial law and included modified adat (traditional) laws—provided that they had been brought in line with the state philosophy of Pancasila.[7] Although Prodjodikoro eventually rescinded several articles of the code, Lev notes that practices did not change much.[8]
The following year, he chose the banyan, an old Javanese symbol for justice, to replace a blindfolded woman holding scales as the symbol of the ministry; it was inscriped with the Javanese word pengajoman, meaning "protection and succor".[5][9] According to Daniel S. Lev, an American scholar on Indonesian law, the change from European to Javanese symbology represented a return to tradition and "quickening" of the evolution from Dutch to Indonesian law.[10] He also changed the designation of prisons from penjara ('jail') to Lembaga Permasyarakatan Khusus ('Special Civics Institutions'),[2] arguing that prisons were places for reformation and not torture.[5] Sahardjo died on 13 November 1963 and was buried in Kalibata Heroes Cemetery.[11]
Legacy
Scholar on Indonesian legal history Sebastiaan Pompe writes critically of Sahardjo, saying that he "actively destroyed the law in the name of prevailing revolutionary ideology, making himself obsolete in the process."[12]
A street named after Sahardjo is located in Tebet, South Jakarta, running from Manggarai to Pancoran.[5]
References
- Footnotes
- ^ Sudarmanto 2007, pp. 65–66.
- ^ a b c Bahari 2011, p. 45.
- ^ Sudarmanto 2007, pp. 66–67.
- ^ a b c Bahari 2011, pp. 44–45.
- ^ a b c d e City of Jakarta, Saharjo.
- ^ a b c d Lev 2000, p. 128.
- ^ Lev 2000, p. 129.
- ^ Lev 2000, p. 131.
- ^ Lev 2000, p. 30, 119.
- ^ Lev 2000, p. 119.
- ^ Sudarmanto 2007, p. 67.
- ^ Pompe 2005, p. 71.
- Bibliography
- Bahari, Adib (2011). Pendekar Hukum Indonesia (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Yustisis. ISBN 978-979-3411-04-0.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - Lev, Daniel (2000). Legal Evolution and Political Authority in Indonesia : Selected Essays. The London-Leiden series on law, administration and development. Vol. 4. Hague: Kluwer Law International. ISBN 978-90-411-1421-1.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Pompe, Sebastiaan (2005). The Indonesian Supreme Court : A Study of Institutional Collapse. Studies on Southeast Asia. Vol. 39. Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program. ISBN 978-0-87727-738-5.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - "Saharjo". Encyclopedia of Jakarta. City of Jakarta. Archived from the original on 18 December 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
- Sudarmanto, J. B. (2007). Jejak-jejak Pahlawan : Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia (in Indonesian) (2nd ed.). Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. ISBN 978-979-759-716-0.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help)