Section 123 Agreement
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Section 123 of the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1954, titled "Cooperation With Other Nations", establishes an agreement for cooperation as a prerequisite for nuclear deals between the US and any other nation.[1] Such an agreement is called a 123 Agreement.[2] To date, the U.S. has entered into roughly twenty-six 123 Agreements with various countries.[3] Countries with which the U.S. has or had or is working towards having a 123 Agreement include:
- Japan (with automatic re-processing rights)[7]
- Euratom (with automatic re-processing rights)[7]
- China (with re-processing rights, requiring approval per each request)[7]
- Switzerland
- India (With advance consent to reprocessing)[8]
- Russia (On September 8, 2008 Pres. George W. Bush notified the United States Congress that there was no basis for further consideration of a 123 agreement with Russia.)[9]
- United Arab Emirates[10]
- Egypt[11]
- Thailand[6]
- Argentina[6]
- Australia[6]
- Bangladesh[6]
- Brazil[6]
- Canada[6]
- Colombia[6]
- Indonesia[6]
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)[6]
- Turkey[6]
- Kazakhstan[6]
- Republic of[6]
- South Africa[6]
- Taiwan[6]
Proposed[edit]
- Romania[12]
References[edit]
- ^ "NUREG0980 Vol.1,No.6 - Nuclear Regulatory Legislation" (PDF). Retrieved June 2002. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - ^ Nuclear Nonproliferation Issue, Issue Brief for Congress, May 10, 2002.
- ^ National Nuclear Security Administration - 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation
- ^ "NRC: SECY-01-0033 - Proposed Renewal of the Section 123 Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation with Morocco". Retrieved 2001-03-02.
- ^ "NRC: SECY-98-62 - Proposed Section 123 Agreement for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation with Ukraine". Retrieved 1998-04-01. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o 123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation, NNSA
- ^ a b c "Long haul ahead". Retrieved 2007-06-29.
- ^ http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080066944
- ^ "Statement on U.S.-Russia 123 Agreement". Archived from the original on September 9, 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
- ^ UAE Embassy, Press Release, December 17, 2009
- ^ State Department, November 10, 2008
- ^ "NRC: SECY-98-006 - Proposed Agreement for Cooperation Between the U.S. and Romania". Archived from the original on November 18, 2004. Retrieved 1998-01-12. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help)
External links[edit]
123 Agreement With India
123 Agreement With UAE
Categories:
- Energy in the United States
- Treaties of the United Arab Emirates
- United Arab Emirates–United States relations
- Treaties of the United States
- Energy treaties
- Treaties of Morocco
- Treaties of Ukraine
- Treaties of Romania
- Treaties of Japan
- Treaties of the People's Republic of China
- Treaties of Switzerland
- Treaties of India
- Treaties of Russia
- Treaties of Egypt
- Treaties of Thailand
- Treaties of Argentina
- Treaties of Australia
- Treaties of Bangladesh
- Treaties of Brazil
- Treaties of Canada
- Treaties of Colombia
- Treaties of Indonesia
- Treaties of Turkey
- Treaties of Kazakhstan
- Treaties of South Korea
- Treaties of South Africa
- Treaties of Taiwan
- Nuclear technology treaties
