Senate of Iraq
The Senate of Iraq (Majlis al-A`yan) was the unelected upper house of the bicameral parliament established by the Kingdom of Iraq's 1925 constitution. There were around twenty Senators, appointed for eight years by the King of Iraq.[1] The Senate remained in existence until the 1958 revolution.
Members
Members of the Iraqi Senate included:
- Menahem Saleh Daniel. Appointed 1925, representing Iraqi Jews. Remained member until 1932, when he was succeeded by his son.[2][3]
- Mawlud Mukhlis. Appointed 1925. Appointed vice-president of the Senate in 1936, though resigned in 1937 when he was elected Baghdad deputy to Parliament. He later returned to the Senate.[4]
- Muhammad al-Sadr. Appointed 1925, remaining until his death in 1956. President of the Senate from 1929 until 1944, with the exception of 1937, and again from 1953 to 1955.[5]
- Yousef VI Emmanuel II Thomas. Appointed 1925, representing the Chaldean Catholic Church.[6] Remained member until his death in 1947, when he was succeeded by Yousef VII Ghanima.
- Rustum Haydar, appointed 1931.[7]
- Ezra Menachem Daniel (1874-1952). Appointed member 1932, replacing his father; remained on the Senate until his death in 1952.[3]
- Abdul Hadi Chalabi, appointed 1947.
- Ali Jawdat al-Aiyubi, appointed 1948-9.[8]
- Tawfiq Wahbi.[9]
- Nureddin Mahmud, member from January 1953 to 1958.[10]
References
- ^ Orit Bashkin (2008). The Other Iraq: Pluralism and Culture in Hashemite Iraq. Stanford University Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-8047-7415-4.
- ^ DANIEL, MENAHEM SALIH
- ^ a b T. Morad; D. Shasha (2008). Iraq’s Last Jews: Stories of Daily Life, Upheaval, and Escape from Modern Babylon. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-230-61623-3.
- ^ Beth K. Dougherty; Edmund A. Ghareeb, ed. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 433. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - ^ Beth K. Dougherty; Edmund A. Ghareeb, ed. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 521. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - ^ Kristian Girling (2017). The Chaldean Catholic Church: Modern History, Ecclesiology and Church-State Relations. Taylor & Francis. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-351-70674-2.
- ^ Beth K. Dougherty; Edmund A. Ghareeb, ed. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - ^ Beth K. Dougherty; Edmund A. Ghareeb, ed. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - ^ Beth K. Dougherty; Edmund A. Ghareeb, ed. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 653. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - ^ Beth K. Dougherty; Edmund A. Ghareeb, ed. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Iraq. Scarecrow Press. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-8108-7942-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)