Shepherd's pie
 | |
| Type | Meat pie |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | United Kingdom and Ireland |
| Main ingredients | Mashed potato crust and meat filling |
| Variations | Cumberland pie, shepherdess pie |
Shepherd's pie (lamb) or cottage pie (ground/minced beef) is a meat pie with a crust or topping of mashed potato.[1][2][3][4][5]
The recipe has many variations, but the defining ingredients are minced red meat ("cottage pie" refers to beef filling and "shepherd's pie" refers to lamb), cooked in a gravy or sauce with onions and sometimes other vegetables, such as peas, celery or carrots, and topped with a layer of mashed potato before it is baked. The pie is sometimes also topped with grated cheese to create a layer of melted cheese on top.
Etymology[edit]
The term cottage pie was in use by 1791,[2][6] when the potato was being introduced as an edible crop affordable for the poor (cf. "cottage", meaning a modest dwelling for rural workers).
The term shepherd's pie did not appear until 1854,[2] and was initially used synonymously with cottage pie, regardless of whether the meat was beef or mutton.[1][4][7][8][9][10][11][12] However, since the 20th century, the term shepherd's pie is used only when the meat is lamb.[13][14][15]
History[edit]
In early cookery books, the dish was a means of using leftover roasted meat of any kind, and the pie dish was lined on the sides and bottom with mashed potato, as well as having a mashed potato crust on top.[8][9]
Variations and similar dishes[edit]
Other potato-topped pies include:
- The modern Cumberland pie is a version with either beef or lamb and a layer of breadcrumbs and cheese on top. In medieval times, and modern-day Cumbria, the pastry crust had a filling of meat with fruits and spices.[16]
- In Quebec, a variation on the cottage pie is called Pâté chinois. It is made with ground beef on the bottom layer, canned corn in the middle, and mashed potato on top.
- The shepherdess pie is a vegetarian version made without meat, or a vegan version made without meat and dairy.[17]
- In the Netherlands, a very similar dish called philosopher's stew (Dutch: filosoof) often adds ingredients like beans, apples, prunes, or apple sauce.[18]
- In Brazil, a dish called in Portuguese: escondidinho refers to the fact that a manioc puree hides a layer of sun-dried meat. The dish often includes cheese and chicken or cod is sometimes used instead of beef.[19]
- A St. Stephen's Day pie is made with turkey and ham.[20]
- Fish pie is another part of English cuisine, made of fish and seafood in a sauce, all topped with mashed potato.
- In Irish this dish is known as pióg an aoire.[21]
- In France a similar dish is called Hachis Parmentier
See also[edit]
References[edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cottage pie. |
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Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on |
- ^ a b The Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 1933
- ^ a b c "shepherd's pie". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2018-04-17.
- ^ "The Chambers Dictionary", Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 1999
- ^ a b Concise Oxford English Dictionary, Eleventh Edition (Revised), Oxford University Press, 2006
- ^ "Jewish Cookery by Florence Greenberg", Penguin Books Ltd, 1947–1963
- ^ "Home : Oxford English Dictionary". Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- ^ The Glutton's Glossary: A Dictionary of Food and Drink Terms. Routledge. 1990. Retrieved 20 January 2009.
- ^ a b Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management by Isabella Beeton, recipe 1427 in 1907 edition. Uses beef or mutton. Recipe not in original 1861 edition.
- ^ a b Cassell's New Universal Cookery Book by Lizzie Heritage published by Cassell and Company, 1894
- ^ The Constance Spry Cookery Book by Constance Spry and Rosemary Hume, J M Dent & Sons, 1956
- ^ Mrs Beeton’s Everyday Cookery, editor Susan Dixon, published by Ward Lock Limited, London, 1982, page 145, Shepherd’s Pie made with beef
- ^ Chambers Dictionary, Ninth Edition, published by Chambers Harrap Publishing Ltd, 2003
- ^ "Delia Smith: Shepherds Pie with Crusted Leeks". Retrieved 24 January 2009.
- ^ "BBC Food Recipes: Shepherd's Pie". Retrieved 1 October 2011.
- ^ "Shepherds' Pie and Cottage Pie". Retrieved 24 January 2009.
- ^ "What is Cumberland Pie?". Retrieved 6 December 2010.
- ^ "Shepherdess Pie [Vegan, Gluten-Free] - One Green Planet". www.onegreenplanet.org. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
- ^ "Filosoof - Mycitycuisine.org". www.mycitycuisine.org. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
- ^ "Escondidinho recipe — Brazilian Wave". Brazilian Wave. 2012-08-01. Retrieved 2018-08-28.
- ^ "BBC - Food - Recipes : Turkey and ham pie". Retrieved 7 December 2015.
- ^ "cottage pie - Aistriúchán Gaeilge ar cottage pie (An Foclóir Nua Béarla-Gaeilge)". www.focloir.ie (in Irish). Retrieved 2018-08-29.
