Shimonoseki

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Template:Infobox city Japan

Shimonoseki (下関市, Shimonoseki-shi) is a city located in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is at the southwestern tip of Honshu, facing the Tsushima Strait and also Kitakyushu across the Kanmon Straits.

Nicknamed the "Fugu Capital," it is known for the locally caught pufferfish and is the largest harvester of the pufferfish in Japan.

As of October 1, 2010, the city has an estimated population of 280,386 and a population density of 391.52 persons per km². The total area is 716.14 km².

Captured battery at Shimonoseki, 1864
Battle of Dannoura in 1185

History

The Heike and Genji fought at Dan-no-ura near the present Kanmonkyo Bridge.

The city prior to 1902 was commonly known as Bakan (馬關) and formally Akamagaseki (赤間關).[citation needed]

On February 13, 2005, Shimonoseki absorbed the towns of Hōhoku, Kikugawa, Toyota and Toyoura (all from Toyoura District) to create the new and expanded city of Shimonseki. Since October 1, 2005, the city has been designated as a core city by the Japanese Government.[citation needed]

The geographical position of Shimonoseki has given it historical importance, especially with the Bombardment of Shimonoseki in 1864 and the Treaty of Shimonoseki, where a defeated China handed over Taiwan, Penghu, and Port Arthur to the victorious Japanese in 1895.[citation needed]

An Imperial decree in July 1899 established Shimonoseki as an open port for trading with the United States and the United Kingdom.[1]

Kōzan-ji Temple

On January 7, 2006, the wooden station building at Shimonoseki station, which had dated back to 1942, was destroyed in a fire, the cause of which is suspected to be arson.[citation needed]

Climate

Shimonoseki has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with hot summers and cool winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is heavier in summer.

Climate data for Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.5
(47.3) 		9.0
(48.2) 		12.3
(54.1) 		17.4
(63.3) 		21.5
(70.7) 		24.7
(76.5) 		28.8
(83.8) 		30.3
(86.5) 		26.8
(80.2) 		21.8
(71.2) 		16.6
(61.9) 		11.4
(52.5) 		19.1
(66.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.8
(42.4) 		6.0
(42.8) 		8.9
(48.0) 		13.7
(56.7) 		17.8
(64.0) 		21.3
(70.3) 		25.6
(78.1) 		27.0
(80.6) 		23.5
(74.3) 		18.3
(64.9) 		13.3
(55.9) 		8.5
(47.3) 		15.8
(60.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.4
(38.1) 		3.5
(38.3) 		5.9
(42.6) 		10.6
(51.1) 		14.8
(58.6) 		18.7
(65.7) 		23.3
(73.9) 		24.6
(76.3) 		20.8
(69.4) 		15.4
(59.7) 		10.5
(50.9) 		5.9
(42.6) 		13.1
(55.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 73.5
(2.89) 		76.8
(3.02) 		108.5
(4.27) 		158.4
(6.24) 		161.3
(6.35) 		278.5
(10.96) 		264.2
(10.40) 		126.8
(4.99) 		179.7
(7.07) 		95.1
(3.74) 		78.7
(3.10) 		58.2
(2.29) 		1,659.7
(65.32)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 5
(2.0) 		5
(2.0) 		1
(0.4) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.4) 		12
(4.8)
Average relative humidity (%) 65 66 68 73 75 80 82 78 76 70 69 66 72
Mean monthly sunshine hours 89.7 106.1 165.9 176.0 200.7 159.0 183.0 213.2 164.4 177.6 132.2 100.0 1,867.8
Source: NOAA (1961-1990)[2]

Economy

Major companies and institutes

Port of Shimonoseki (Hanano-cho Port Area)
  • Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Shimonoseki Shipyard and Machinery Works
  • Yamaguchi Financial Group, Inc.
  • Hayashikane Sangyo Co., Ltd.
  • Chofu Seisakusho Co., Ltd.
  • Harakosan Co., Ltd.
  • Minato-Yamaguchi Co., Ltd.

Transportation

Ferries from Shimonoseki Port International Terminal

Trains

JR network map

Buses

Regular bus services are provided by Sanden Kohtsu, as well as by group companies of Sanden Kohtsu.

  • Bus companies (A loop-line bus in the city.)
    • Sanden Kohtsu Co.,Ltd.
    • Blue Line Kohtsu Co.,Ltd.
  • Intercity bus services (arrival and departure in Shimonoseki city) go to the following destinations: Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Hiroshima, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Airport, etc.

Roads

Expressway

Chūgoku Expressway
  • Shimonoseki interchange
  • Ozuki interchange

Bypasses

  • Ozuki Bypass
  • Shimonoseki-Kita Bypass

National Highways

Airports

Shimonoseki is served by four airports outside the city.

Education

Universities and colleges

University of East Asia

Primary and secondary schools

The city has a North Korean school, Yamaguchi Korean Elementary and Junior High School (山口朝鮮初中級学校).[3] It formerly housed two other North Korean schools, Yamaguchi Korean High School and Shimonoseki Korean Elementary and Junior High School (下関朝鮮初中級学校).[4]

Culture

Regional specialties

Specialty products

Festivals

Shimonoseki is home to many festivals that are held throughout the year. Of these, the most famous are Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival and Shimonoseki Bakan Festival.

  • Shimonoseki Fugu (Blowfish) Festival (February) : Haedomari Market
  • Kawatana Onsen(hot spring) Festival (April)
  • Shimonoseki Kaikyo Festival (May) : Karato, Ganryujima Island
  • Suhouteisai Festival (August) : Castle town Chofu
  • Kanmon Kaikyo Fireworks Festival (August) : Karato(Aruka Port area)
  • Shimonoseki Bakan Festival (August) : Along the street from Karato-cho to Shimonoseki Station
  • TOUR de Shimonoseki (October/November)
  • Shimonoseki Kaikyo Marathon (November)
  • Shimonoseki Fish Festival (November) : Shimonoseki Fishing Port
  • Little Busan Fest (November) : Green Mall

Architecture

Museums

  • Shimonoseki City Art Museum
  • Shimonoseki Chofu Museum
  • Shimonoseki City Archaeological Museum
  • Shimonoseki Marine Science Museum (Shimonoseki City Aquarium) (Kaikyo Kan)
  • Doigahama Site Anthropological Museum
  • The firefly museum of toyota town
  • The Yamagin Archive (やまぎん史料館) of the Yamaguchi Bank

Sports

Professional Teams

Sporting venues

Crime and safety

The Goda-ikka yakuza syndicate is headquartered in Shimonoseki. A designated yakuza group, the Goda-ikka is the largest yakuza syndicate in Yamaguchi Prefecture.[5]

Twin cities

Shimonoseki has one Japanese and five international sister cities:[6]

Notable people

See also: Category:People from Shimonoseki

References

  1. ^ US Department of State. (1906). A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759.
  2. ^ "Shimonoseki Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
  3. ^ "ウリハッキョ一覧" (Archive). Chongryon. Retrieved on October 14, 2015.
  4. ^ "ウリハッキョ一覧" (Archive). Chongryon. November 6, 2005. Retrieved on October 15, 2015.
  5. ^ "The 7th President announces the succession, The Goda-ikka, The Prefectural Police on red alert", 21 October 2009, Yamaguchi Shimbun Template:Ja icon
  6. ^ http://www2.city.shimonoseki.yamaguchi.jp/www/contents/1180694927874/html/common/465ff9ec008.html

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi.
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