Siberian Tatar language
| Siberian Tatar | |
|---|---|
| сыбыр тел, sıbır tel | |
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Omsk, Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan Oblasts (regions) |
| Ethnicity | Siberian Tatars |
Native speakers | 100,000 (2012)[1] |
Turkic
| |
| Cyrillic | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | sty |
| Glottolog | sibe1250[2] |
 |
Siberian Tatar language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator |
Siberian Tatar (Siberian Tatar: сыбырца, sıbırca) is a Turkic language spoken in Western Siberia region of Russia.
Dialects[edit]
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Siberian Tatar consists of three dialects: Tobol-Irtysh, Baraba and Tom. According to D. G. Tumasheva, the Baraba dialect is grammatically closest to the southern dialect of Altai, Kyrgyz and has significant grammatical similarities with Chulym, Khakas, Shor and Tuvan. The Tomsk dialect is, in her opinion, even closer to Altai and similar languages. Tevriz speech of the Tobol-Irtysh dialect shares significant elements with Siberian Turkic languages, namely with Altai, Khakas and Shor.
Although Gabdulkhay Akhatov was a Volga Tatar, he immersed into studying of the phonetic peculiarities of Siberian Tatar language of the indigenous population of Siberia, the Siberian Tatars. In his classic fundamental research work "The Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars" (1963) Akhatov wrote about Tobol-Irtysh Siberian Tatars, a western group of Siberian Tatars, who are indigenous to the Omsk and Tyumen Oblasts.
In his classic fundamental research work "Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars" (1963) Gabdulkhay Akhatov wrote about a territorial resettlement of the Tobol-Irtysh Tatars Tyumen and Omsk areas. Subjecting a comprehensive integrated analysis of the phonetic system, the lexical composition and grammatical structure, the scientist concluded that the language of the Siberian Tatars is a separate language, it is divided into three dialects and it is one of the most ancient Turkic languages.[3] Professor G.Akhatov named Siberian Tatar dialects of Tyumen and Omsk Oblasts dialects of the West Siberian Tatars, while dialects of Baraba and Tom Tatars he named dialects of the East Siberian Tatars.
Alphabet[edit]
Siberian Tatar Cyrillic, Latin alphabet and IPA Pronunciation:
| Cyrillic | Latin | Pronunciation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| А а | A a | [a] | |
| Ә ә | Ä ä | [æ] | |
| Б б | B b | [b] | |
| В в | W w, V v | [w]; [v] | V v in loanwords |
| Г г | G g | [ɡ] | |
| Ғ ғ | Ğ ğ | [ɣ] | |
| Д д | D d | [d] | |
| Е е | E e, Ye ye | [e] | Cyrillic Е е also used as [je] in Russian loandwords, in other cases Siberian tatars use Йе йе (Ye ye) |
| Ё ё | Yo yo, Yö yö | [jo] | used in Russian loandwords, in other cases Siberian tatars use Йо йо, Йө йө (Yo yo, Yö yö) |
| Ж ж | J j | [ʒ]; [ʑ] | |
| З з | Z z | [z] | |
| И и | İ i | [i] | |
| Й й | Y y | [j] | |
| К к | K k | [k] | |
| Ҡ ҡ | Q q | [q] | |
| Л л | L l | [l] | |
| М м | M m | [m] | |
| Н н | N n | [n] | |
| Ң ң | Ŋ ŋ | [ŋ] | |
| О о | O o | [ʊ̞]; [o] | |
| Ө ө | Ö ö | [ø] | |
| П п | P p | [p] | |
| Р р | R r | [ɾ]; [r] | |
| С с | S s | [s] | |
| Т т | T t | [t] | |
| У у | U u, W w | [u]; [w] | ул – ul; уаҡыт – waqıt |
| Ү ү | Ü ü, W w | [y]; [w] | күреү – kürew |
| Ф ф | F f | [f] | |
| Х х | X x | [χ] | |
| Һ һ | H h | [h] | |
| Ц ц | C c | [t͡s] | |
| Ч ч | Ç ç | [tʃ]; [tɕ] | |
| Ш ш | Ş ş | [ʃ]; [ɕ] | |
| Щ щ | Şç şç | [ɕɕ] | Only in Russian loanwords |
| Ъ ъ | - | [-] | |
| Ы ы | I ı | [ɤ]; [ɯ] | |
| Ь ь | - | [ʲ] | |
| Э э | E e | [e] | |
| Ю ю | Yu yu, Yü yü | [ju] | used in Russian loandwords, in other cases Siberian tatars use Йу йу, Йү йү (Yu yu, Yü yü) |
| Я я | Ya ya, Yä yä | [ja] | used in Russian loandwords, in other cases Siberian tatars use Йа йа, Йә йә (Ya ya, Yä yä) |
This alphabet based on Common Turkic Alphabet.
Phonology[edit]
Vowels[edit]
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | и /i/ | ү /y/ | у /u/ | |
| Mid | е /e/ | ө /ø/ | о /o/ | ы /ɤ/ |
| Open | ә /æ/ | а /a/ | ||
Consonants[edit]
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Velar | Uvular | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | п /p/ | т /t/ | к /k/ | ҡ /q/ | |
| Fricative | б /β/ | с /s/ | ш /ʃ/ | г /ɣ/ | ғ /ʁ/ |
| Affricate | ц /t͡s/ | ||||
| Nasal | м /m/ | н /n/ | (ң /ŋ/) | ң /ɴ/ | |
| Trill | р /r/ | ||||
| Approximant | в /w/ | л /l/ | й /j/ |
/ŋ/ can be an allophone of /ɴ/.
References[edit]
- ^ Siberian Tatar at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Siberian Tatar". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ Gabdulkhay Akhatov. The Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars. Ufa, 1963, 195 p. (in Russian)
Bibliography[edit]
- Сагидуллин, Максим (2008). Фонетика и графика современного сибирскотатарского языка (in Russian). Тюмень: Искер. ISBN 9785875911293.
- Сагидуллин, Максим (2014). Грамматика современного сибирскотатарского языка (in Russian). Тюменский дом печати. ISBN 9785875912368.
- Сагидуллин, Максим (2010). Русско–сибирскотатарский словарь / Урысца–сыбырца сүслек (in Russian and себертатар). Тюмень: Мандр и Ка. ISBN 5930204411.