Smith Rock State Park
| Smith Rock State Park | |
|---|---|
 | |
  | |
| Type | Public, state |
| Location | Deschutes County, Oregon |
| Nearest city | Redmond |
| Area | 641 acres (259 ha) |
| Operated by | Oregon Parks and Recreation Department |
| Open | year round |
| Status | open |
Smith Rock State Park is an American state park located in central Oregon's High Desert near the communities of Redmond and Terrebonne. Its sheer cliffs of tuff and basalt are ideal for rock climbing of all difficulty levels. Smith Rock is generally considered the birthplace of modern American sport climbing, and is host to cutting-edge climbing routes. It is popular for sport climbing, traditional climbing, multi-pitch climbing, and bouldering.
Geology
The Smith Rock area is geologically very interesting.[who?] It is made up of layers of recent basalt flows overlaying older Clarno ash and tuff formations. Approximately 30 million years ago, a large caldera was formed when overlying rock collapsed into an underground lava chamber. This created a huge amount of rock and ash debris that filled the caldera. That material eventually hardened into rock, becoming Smith Rock tuff. A half million years ago, basalt lava flows from nearby volcanoes covered the older tuff.[2][3][4]
Eventually, the Crooked River cut its way through the layers of rock to create today's geographic features. Smith Rock itself is a 3,200-foot (980 m)-high ridge (above sea level) with a sheer cliff-face overlooking a bend in the Crooked River (elev. 2600 ft), making the cliffs about 600 feet high.[2][3]
History
The origin of the Smith Rock name is uncertain. One story, published the Albany States Rights Democrat in 1867, states that Smith Rock was named after John Smith, who was Linn County Sheriff and an Oregon state legislator in the 1850s and 1860s. The newspaper article credits Smith with "discovering" the rock. Another story claims the rock was named after a soldier named Smith who fell to his death from the rock in 1863 while his unit was camped nearby.[2][5]
The State of Oregon obtained the park property between 1960 and 1975 from the City of Redmond and Harry and Diane Kem.[3]
Hiking
The park has many miles of developed trails for hiking. The trails have viewpoints along the routes that overlook the Crooked River and nearby rock formations. The two main trails are the Summit Trail and Misery Ridge. The park's trail network links to neighboring Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management trails on adjacent public lands. The soil and native vegetation on the steep hillsides in the park are very sensitive to damage, so visitors are required to stay on established trails.[3][6]
Climbing
The park contains the first U.S. climb rated 5.14 (8c/+). The area is well known for its challenging climbing routes, so eventually all top climbers visit.[citation needed] In 1983, Allan Watts began to use sport climbing ethics which pushed American climbing to new levels. Shortly after, between 1992 and 2009, about 500 new climbing routes were added.[7] This brought climbers from all over the world as Smith Rock became the world capital for sport climbing. To this day, the park still attracts climbers from all over the world. The winter tends to be too cold (below freezing) for climbing, and the summer months regularly reach the 100s °F (40s °C).[8] Some climbing routes are closed periodically for the protection of nesting birds of prey.[5]
Camping
The park's day-use area has a visitor center, picnic facilities, and restrooms. The day-use area is open from dawn to dusk year-round. There is also a tent-only campground for overnight visitors. The campsites are located approximately 600 feet (180 m) from a parking area along the park's main access road. Restrooms, showers, and a cooking area are located near the parking area. Open fires are not permitted.[3][6]
Wildlife
There is abundant wildlife in and around the park. Mule deer and many small mammals are common in the park. River otter and beaver are found along the park's Crooked River frontage. The Smith Rock area hosts many types of birds, including birds of prey such as prairie falcons and golden eagles. Geese and ducks nest along the river in the spring time. There are rattlesnakes in some areas of the park.[3][6]
Running
Smith Rock State Park is home to some extreme running races.[9] The races include distances ranging from 4 miles to 50k, all on the challenging and hilly terrain of Smith Rock.
See also
References
- ^ "Smith Rock State Park". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
- ^ a b c McArthur, Lewis A. and Lewis L. McArthur, Oregon Geographic Names (Seventh edition), "Smith Rock," Oregon Historical Society Press: Portland, Oregon (2003), pp. 890-891.
- ^ a b c d e f Smith Rock State Park Climbing and Trail Guide, Oregon Parks and Recreation Department, Salem, Oregon, March 2014.
- ^ "Smith Rock", Travel Oregon, Oregon Tourism Commission, Salem, Oregon, accessed 27 May 2015.
- ^ a b "History", Smith Rock State Park, Oregon Parks and Recreation Department, Salem, Oregon, accessed 27 May 2015.
- ^ a b c "Park Info", Smith Rock State Park, Oregon Parks and Recreation Department, Salem, Oregon, accessed 27 May 2015.
- ^ Phuong Cat Le (September 20, 2007). "Climbing is the main attraction, but there are other reasons to visit". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Hearst Communications Inc.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Allan Watts (January 6, 2010). Rock Climbing: Smith Rocks. Morris Book. ISBN 978-0762741243.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ GoBeyond Racing
External links
Media related to Smith Rock State Park at Wikimedia Commons
Smith Rock State Park travel guide from Wikivoyage- "Smith Rock State Park"., official Oregon Parks and Recreation Department site
- Smith Rock Revisited Documentary produced by Oregon Field Guide
- Top things to do at Smith Rock State Park By Visit Bend
