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Southall Studios

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Southall Studios
Map
General information
StatusDemolished
TypeFilm studio
AddressGladstone Road, Southall
CountryUnited Kingdom
Coordinates51°30′13″N 0°23′03″W / 51.5035°N 0.3843°W / 51.5035; -0.3843
Construction started1924 (1924)
Completed1924
Renovated1936
Demolished1960 (1960)
Technical details
Floor areaApprox. 7,500 square feet (700 m2) on 3 stages[1]

Southall Studios was a film studio located in Southall, Middlesex (now West London) which operated between 1924 and 1958.

The studio was a vibrant and productive part of Southall's cultural history. At its peak – in the early 1950s – the film-making facility employed almost 100 permanent staff.[2]

Some of England's best-known actors worked at Southall Studios: Richard Attenborough, Dirk Bogarde,[3] Joan Collins,[4] and horror legend Boris Karloff.[5]

History

[edit]

Early years: 1924-1935

[edit]
Linden Travers's first film was Children of the Fog (1935), made at the original studio; she returned for the lead role in No Orchids for Miss Blandish (1948) at the rebuilt studio

In 1924, film pioneer G. B. Samuelson converted an old aircraft hangar in Gladstone Road, Southall into a film-making facility.[1]

Following some short films, Samuelson directed the studio's first feature film in 1928. Silent comedy Two Little Drummer Boys[6] starred Alma Taylor – a major British star in the 1920s[7] – and variety entertainer Wee Georgie Wood.[8]

Converted for sound in the early 1930s, Southall's most significant film in the studio's early years was Children of the Fog (1935),[9] made by influential German expressionist director Leopold Jessner. Jessner was a Jew working anonymously in exile from Adolf Hitler's Germany.[10] The film's German cinematographer was also notable: Eugen Schüfftan was the inventor of a special effect called the Schüfftan process.[11]

Fire and wartime: 1936-1945

[edit]

On 29 October 1936 (a Thursday), beginning around 3 a.m., a large fire caused Southall Studios to be burned to the ground. Thousands of pounds' worth of equipment was lost, and reels for two recently-completed films were destroyed.[12] The studios were soon-after rebuilt, at a cost of £9,666[13] (equivalent to over £570,000 in 2024[14]). Of the few films completed at Southall before the start of World War II, 1938's Bed and Breakfast is of note for being the last appearance in a feature film of Cockney silent-star Mabel Poulton.[15][16]

No filming took place at Southall for the duration of World War II (1939-1945).[1] The studio was not at first required for support of the war effort, and an entertainments licence allowed the studio to be used as a dance-hall (called the Locarno) from January to November 1940.[17] The premises functioned also as a roller-skating rink. 400 people attended the Locarno dance-hall's Grand Opening Ball on 24 January 1940, dancing until midnight. In the summer of 1940 the Locarno was twice fined for failing adequately to observe the blackout.[13]

In November 1940, the Minister of Aircraft Production, Lord Beaverbrook, requisitioned the site,[18] turning it over to Fairey Aviation, an aeroplane manufacturer with a factory in nearby Hayes. The Locarno dance-hall was consequently relocated to Ealing.[13]

The Luftwaffe fired on the site during wartime,[2] but the rebuilt studio survived intact and, de-requisitioned after the war ended, the film-making facility entered into a busy post-war period.

Golden age: 1946-1958

[edit]
Dirk Bogarde featured in Dancing with Crime, 1947
Joan Collins starred in Judgment Deferred, 1952
Boris Karloff played Inspector March, 1952-53

The years following the Second World War marked "Southall's golden age".[13] After 1945, Alliance Film Studios acquired the premises,[12] and the studio entered into its most productive period, producing noteworthy films in a variety of genres.

Examples include: British film noir Dancing with Crime (1947) with Richard Attenborough, Dirk Bogarde and Diana Dors;[3] drama Judgment Deferred (1952) starring Joan Collins;[4] semi-documentary disaster film The Brave Don't Cry (1952) with John Gregson;[19] and "all very British" comedies,[20] such as Miss Robin Hood (1952)[21] and The Runaway Bus (1954)[22] starring Margaret Rutherford,[23] and The Oracle (1953)[24] featuring the enigmatic Gilbert Harding.[25]

Controversy attended one Southall Studios production. 1948 gangster film No Orchids For Miss Blandish[26] attracted outrage: The Monthly Film Bulletin called it "The most sickening exhibition of brutality, perversion, sex and sadism ever to be shown on a cinema screen"; the Daily Express said "the film sets out to appeal to the prurient-minded, the twisted, the unbalanced"; Labour politician Edith Summerskill claimed the film would "pervert the minds of the British people". [27] The president of the BBFC apologised to the Home Secretary of the day, James Chuter Ede, for having "failed to protect the public" from No Orchids For Miss Blandish. Notoriety contributed to the film's commercial success on initial release, but it was rarely shown again until 2006, by which time it was felt to deserve a modest PG certificate, for "mild violence and threat".[27]

Noted documentary-maker John Grierson[28] – who coined the word "documentary"[29][30][31] – worked at Southall from 1951 to 1953, running Group 3 Films with director/producer John Baxter.[32]) Grierson used his documentary/realist approach to critical and commercial success as executive producer on The Brave Don't Cry (1952),[33] a semi-documentary feature about the 1950 Knockshinnoch mining disaster.[34] Grierson & Baxter moved base from Southall to Beaconsfield Film Studios in 1953; Group 3 Films stopped production in 1955.[35]

In 1952, Southall Studios employed almost 100 permanent staff.[2] This was its busiest time: besides producing feature films, more work arrived in connection with the increasingly important television industry. The highest-profile television programme produced at Southall at this time was Colonel March of Scotland Yard, starring Frankenstein legend Boris Karloff as the fictional detective of the title. The 26-episode series featured some well-known actors in individual episodes. Among them, Christopher Lee[36] and Anthony Newley.[37] Three initial pilot episodes filmed in 1952 were compiled to make 1953 film Colonel March Investigates.[5]

In the second half of the 1950s, employment at the studio showed a downward trend. In 1956, there were 47 permanent staff:[12] half the 1952 figure. Worthwhile film and television work continued to be produced there. Crime film Kill Me Tomorrow (1957), for example, starred seasoned Hollywood actor Pat O'Brien.[38] The 1955 launch in Britain of commercial television station ITV brought in a new source of income: making television adverts.[1] But Southall's end was nigh: the studio would close before the end of the decade.

Southall Studios ended on a high note. The final project to be completed there was science-fiction/horror film The Trollenberg Terror (1958).[39] First produced at Southall as a television series in 1956-1957,[40] the full-length feature (re-titled The Crawling Eye in the USA) would go on to achieve cult classic status.[2] More than twenty years later, acclaimed director John Carpenter acknowledged The Trollenberg Terror as an influence on his 1980 supernatural horror film The Fog.[41]

Some actors who went on to attain distinction in science-fiction made films (in other genres) at Southall in its golden age: the first and the third Doctor in Doctor Who:[42] William Hartnell[43] and Jon Pertwee;[44] and the actor who played the first Klingon in the original Star Trek, John Colicos.[45][46]

Five "Bond girl" actresses worked at Southall Studios before going on to appear in the James Bond films:[47] Lois Maxwell[38] (Miss Moneypenny, 1962-1985); Honor Blackman[48] (Pussy Galore, 1964); Eunice Gayson[49][21] (Sylvia Trench, 1962 & 1963); Zena Marshall[50][51] (Miss Taro, 1962); and Shirley Eaton;[43] (golden girl Jill Masterson, 1964).

Several regulars of the much-loved Carry On films[52][53] worked individually at Southall Studios: Sid James,[21][54][55][56] Charles Hawtrey,[57][58] Joan Sims,[59] Kenneth Connor,[60] Peter Butterworth,[61] and Esma Cannon.[62]

John Schlesinger – later an eminent, Oscar-winning director[63] – worked twice at Southall Studios as a young actor.[64][65]

Freddie Mills – the ex-boxer[66] whose mysterious 1965 death continues to attract lurid speculation[67] – acted in two films at Southall Studios in the 1950s.[68][38]

Closure and demolition: 1959-1960

[edit]

Southall Studios sadly closed in 1959. The film-making facility was demolished in or around 1960, and no trace of it remains. Film buffs visiting the site in the years following demolition found an industrial estate where the studio once stood.[2]

Southall Studios films

[edit]
Films made at Southall Studios, Gladstone Road[69]
Year Film Director Selected cast Ref.
1925 It is Never Too Late to Mend Alexander Butler [70]
1926 If Youth But Knew George A. Cooper Godfrey Tearle, Lillian Hall-Davis [71]
1928 Two Little Drummer Boys G. B. Samuelson Alma Taylor, Georgie Wood, Derrick De Marney [6]
1928 For Valour G. B. Samuelson Dallas Cairns, Mary Rorke, Roy Travers [72]
1928 The Forger G. B. Samuelson Nigel Barrie, Lillian Rich, Sam Livesey [73]
1930 Piccadilly Nights[74][75] Albert H. Arch[76] Billie Rutherford,[77] Maurice Winnick [78]
1935 Children of the Fog Leopold Jessner Linden Travers, Barbara Gott, Marjorie Corbett [9]
1936 Dodging the Dole John E. Blakeley Dan Young, Jenny Howard,[79] Barry K. Barnes [80]
1936 Murder at the Cabaret Reginald Fogwell Phyllis Robins,[81] James Carew [82]
1937 The Penny Pool George Black Douglas Wakefield, Tommy Fields, Harry Terry [83]
1938 Bed and Breakfast Walter West Barry Lupino, Mabel Poulton, Frank Miller [84]
1947 Dancing with Crime John Paddy Carstairs Richard Attenborough, Dirk Bogarde, Diana Dors [3]
1947 Just William's Luck Val Guest A. E. Matthews, Hy Hazell, Joan Hickson [85]
1948 No Orchids for Miss Blandish St. John Legh Clowes Linden Travers, Zoe Gail, Irene Prador [26]
1948 Things Happen at Night Francis Searle Gordon Harker, Robertson Hare [86]
1948 William Comes to Town Val Guest A. E. Matthews, Jon Pertwee, Peter Butterworth [44]
1948 Bless 'Em All Robert Jordan Hill Hal Monty, Max Bygraves, Jack Milroy [87]
1949 Third Time Lucky Gordon Parry Glynis Johns, Harcourt Williams, Michael Hordern [88]
1949 The Nitwits on Parade Robert Jordan Hill Max Bygraves, Sid Millward, Penny Calvert [89]
1949 High Jinks in Society John Guillermin &
Robert Jordan Hill		 Moore Marriott, Michael Ward, George Chisholm [90]
1949 Melody in the Dark Robert Jordan Hill Eunice Gayson, Richard Thorp, Ida Patlanski [49]
1949 I Was a Dancer Frank Richardson Diana Napier [91]
1949 Skimpy in the Navy Stafford Dickens Hal Monty, Max Bygraves, Avril Angers [92]
1949 The Man from Yesterday Oswald Mitchell John Stuart, Marie Burke, Laurence Harvey [93]
1950 The Twenty Questions Murder Mystery Paul L. Stein Robert Beatty, Rona Anderson, Kynaston Reeves [94]
1950 Torment John Guillermin Dermot Walsh, Rona Anderson, John Bentley [95]
1950 No Trace John Gilling Dinah Sheridan, John Laurie, Dora Bryan [96]
1950 The Dragon of Pendragon Castle John Baxter Graham Moffatt, Jane Welsh, C. Denier Warren [97]
1950 The Second Mate John Baxter Gordon Harker, Graham Moffatt, Sam Kydd [98]
1951 The Quiet Woman John Gilling Jane Hylton, Derek Bond, Dora Bryan [99]
1951 Cheer the Brave Kenneth Hume[100] Elsie Randolph, Marie Ault, Vida Hope [101]
1952 The Voice of Merrill John Gilling Valerie Hobson, James Robertson Justice [102]
1952 The Brave Don't Cry Philip Leacock John Gregson, Fulton Mackay, Archie Duncan [19]
1952 Time Gentlemen, Please! Lewis Gilbert Sid James, Hermione Baddeley, Dora Bryan [54]
1952 Brandy for the Parson John Eldridge Kenneth More, Charles Hawtrey, Alfie Bass [57]
1952 Miss Robin Hood John Guillermin Margaret Rutherford, Sid James, Reg Varney [21]
1952 Judgment Deferred John Baxter Joan Collins, Bransby Williams, Mary Merrall [4]
1952 You're Only Young Twice Terry Bishop Duncan Macrae, Joseph Tomelty, Charles Hawtrey [58]
1952 Nutcracker Cyril Frankel John Gilpin, Belinda Wright [103]
1953 Love in Pawn Charles Saunders Reg Dixon, Jeannie Carson, John Laurie [104]
1953 The Fake Godfrey Grayson Guy Middleton, Leslie Phillips, Billie Whitelaw [105]
1953 Deadly Nightshade John Gilling Emrys Jones, Zena Marshall, Joan Hickson [50]
1953 Background Daniel Birt Valerie Hobson, Mandy Miller, Thora Hird [106]
1953 Escape by Night John Gilling Bonar Colleano, Sid James, Andrew Ray, Ted Ray [55]
1953 Laxdale Hall John Eldridge Raymond Huntley, Fulton Mackay, Prunella Scales [107]
1953 The Oracle C. M. Pennington-Richards Virginia McKenna, Mervyn Johns, Gilbert Harding [24]
1953 The Steel Key Robert S. Baker Terence Morgan, Esmond Knight, Esma Cannon [62]
1953 The Wedding of Lilli Marlene Arthur Crabtree Sid James, Irene Handl, Dandy Nichols [56]
1953 Three Steps to the Gallows John Gilling Mary Castle, Colin Tapley, Ballard Berkeley [108]
1953 Colonel March Investigates Cy Endfield Boris Karloff, Richard Wattis, Joan Sims [5]
1954 The Master Plan Cy Endfield Norman Wooland, Wayne Morris, Frederick Schrecker [109]
1954 The Runaway Bus Val Guest Frankie Howerd, Margaret Rutherford, Petula Clark [22]
1954 Life with the Lyons Val Guest Bebe Daniels, Ben Lyon, Belinda Lee [110]
1954 Double Exposure John Gilling John Bentley, Ingeborg von Kusserow, Doris Hare [111]
1954 Child's Play Margaret Thomson Mona Washbourne, Christopher Beeny, Anneke Wills [112]
1955 Barbados Quest Bernard Knowles Tom Conway, Brian Worth, John Colicos [45]
1955 See How They Run Leslie Arliss Ronald Shiner, Greta Gynt, Wilfrid Hyde-White [113]
1955 The Lyons in Paris Val Guest Bebe Daniels, Ben Lyon, Molly Weir [114]
1955 Reluctant Bride Henry Cass Virginia Bruce, Arthur Lowe, Alexander Gauge [115]
1955 No Smoking Henry Cass Belinda Lee, Lionel Jeffries, Doris Hare [116]
1955 One Jump Ahead Charles Saunders Diane Hart, Jill Adams, Freddie Mills [68]
1955 Windfall Henry Cass Lionel Jeffries, Jack Watling, Gordon Jackson [117]
1956 Behind the Headlines Charles Saunders Adrienne Corri, Harry Fowler, Hazel Court [118]
1957 Account Rendered Peter Graham Scott Griffith Jones, Honor Blackman, Ursula Howells [48]
1957 Kill Me Tomorrow Terence Fisher Pat O'Brien, Lois Maxwell, Freddie Mills [38]
1957 Stranger in Town George Pollock Alex Nicol, Mona Washbourne, Arthur Lowe [119]
1957 Date with Disaster Charles Saunders William Hartnell, Maurice Kaufmann, Shirley Eaton [43]
1957 The End of the Line Charles Saunders Barbara Shelley, Jennifer Jayne [120]
1957 The Big Chance Peter Graham Scott Adrienne Corri, William Russell [121]
1957 There's Always a Thursday Charles Saunders Charles Victor, Frances Day, Jill Ireland [122]
1958 Stormy Crossing C. M. Pennington-Richards John Ireland, Derek Bond, John Schlesinger [65]
1958 The Supreme Secret Norman Walker Ralph Michael, Harry Fowler, Suzan Farmer [123]
1958 The Trollenberg Terror Quentin Lawrence Forrest Tucker, Janet Munro, Warren Mitchell [39]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ a b c d e "The fading memories". MyLondon. 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "Dancing with Crime". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  4. ^ a b c "Judgment Deferred". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  5. ^ a b c "Colonel March Investigates". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  6. ^ a b "Two Little Drummer Boys". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  7. ^ Slide, Anthony (2024). "Taylor, Alma (1895-1974)". Screenonline. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
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  20. ^ Halliwell, Leslie (1989). Halliwell's Film Guide (7th ed.). London: Grafton. p. 764. ISBN 0246134496.
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  22. ^ a b "The Runaway Bus". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
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  29. ^ Curthoys, Ann; Lake, Marilyn (2010). Connected Worlds: History in Transnational Perspective. Canberra: ANU Press. p. 151. ISBN 1920942440.
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  32. ^ Napper, Lawrence (2014). "Baxter, John (1896-1975)". Screenonline. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
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  34. ^ Sharpe, Gillian (2015). "The great Knockshinnoch mine rescue". BBC News. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  35. ^ Hardy, Forsyth (1979). John Grierson: A Documentary Biography. London: Faber & Faber. p. 11-262. ISBN 0571103316.
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  39. ^ a b "The Trollenberg Terror". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  40. ^ "The Trollenberg Terror: TV series". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
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  50. ^ a b "Deadly Nightshade". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
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  70. ^ "It Is Never Too Late to Mend". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
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  72. ^ "For Valour". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  73. ^ "The Forger". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
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  82. ^ "Murder at the Cabaret". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  83. ^ "The Penny Pool". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  84. ^ "Bed and Breakfast". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  85. ^ "Just William's Luck". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  86. ^ "Things Happen at Night". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  87. ^ "Bless 'Em All". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  88. ^ "Third Time Lucky". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  89. ^ "The Nitwits on Parade". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  90. ^ "High Jinks in Society". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  91. ^ "I Was a Dancer". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  92. ^ "Skimpy in the Navy". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  93. ^ "The Man from Yesterday". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  94. ^ "The 20 Questions Murder Mystery". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  95. ^ "Torment". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  96. ^ "No Trace". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  97. ^ "The Dragon of Pendragon Castle". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  98. ^ "The Second Mate". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  99. ^ "The Quiet Woman". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  100. ^ "Queer Places: 167-169 Wardour St, London W1F 8AH, UK; 500 Westbourne Terrace, London W2, UK". elisarolle.com. 2024. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  101. ^ "Cheer the Brave". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  102. ^ "The Voice of Merrill". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  103. ^ "Nutcracker". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  104. ^ "Love in Pawn". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  105. ^ "The Fake". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  106. ^ "Background". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  107. ^ "Laxdale Hall". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  108. ^ "Three Steps to the Gallows". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  109. ^ "The Master Plan". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  110. ^ "Life with the Lyons". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  111. ^ "Double Exposure". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  112. ^ "Child's Play". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  113. ^ "See How They Run". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  114. ^ "The Lyons in Paris". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  115. ^ "The Reluctant Bride". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  116. ^ "No Smoking". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  117. ^ "Windfall". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  118. ^ "Behind the Headlines". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  119. ^ "Stranger in Town". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  120. ^ "The End of the Line". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  121. ^ "The Big Chance". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  122. ^ "There's Always a Thursday". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  123. ^ "The Supreme Secret". IMDb. 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
[edit]
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