Stratford (New Zealand electorate)
Stratford is a former parliamentary electorate, in Taranaki, New Zealand. It existed from 1908 to 1946, and from 1954 to 1978. It was represented by six Members of Parliament.
Population centres[edit]
In the 1907 electoral redistribution, a major change that had to be allowed for was a reduction of the tolerance to ±750 to those electorates where the country quota applied. The North Island had once again a higher population growth than the South Island, and three seats were transferred from south to north. In the resulting boundary distribution, every existing electorate was affected, and three electorates were established for the first time, including the Stratford electorate. These changes took effect with the 1908 election.[1]
The electorate was mixed urban and rural, with the town of Stratford located near the electorate's southern boundary. In the 1908 election, the rural / urban split for the country quote was a ratio of 4 to 1, and it more or less held this ratio until the country quota was abolished.[2] In the 1918 electoral redistribution, the town of Inglewood was gained from the adjacent Taranaki electorate.[3] In the 1927 electoral redistribution, the electorate was not landlocked any longer for the first time, but gained the North Taranaki Bight coastline from just east of Waitara to the Mokau River, and the settlement of Mokau was thus gained.[4]
The Electoral Amendment Act 1945 abolished the country quote, and this was implemented through the 1946 electoral redistribution, which saw a reduction in the number of rural electorates, and an increase in their size. Many electorates were abolished, including Stratford, and its area was subsumed in the enlarged Waitomo electorate.[5]
The First Labour Government was defeated in the 1949 election and the incoming National Government changed the Electoral Act, with the electoral quota once again based on total population as opposed to qualified electors, and the tolerance was increased to 7.5% of the electoral quota. There was no adjustments in the number of electorates between the South and North Islands, but the law changes resulted in boundary adjustments to almost every electorate through the 1952 electoral redistribution; only five electorates were unaltered.[6] Five electorates were reconstituted (including Stratford) and one was newly created, and a corresponding six electorates were abolished; all of these in the North Island.[7] These changes took effect with the 1954 election.[8]
History[edit]
The electorate existed from 1908 to 1946, and from 1954 to 1978.[9] The first representative was the conservative politician John Bird Hine, who defeated Walter Symes of the Liberal Party.[10] Symes had held the Patea electorate from 1902 election to 1908, which then included the town of Stratford.[11][12]
Hine joined the Reform Party when it established itself in 1909.[13] In the 1919 election, Hine was defeated by Robert Masters of the Liberal Party.[14] The 1919 election was declared void, but Masters won the resulting 1920 by-election.[15]
Members of Parliament[edit]
The Stratford electorate was represented by six Members of Parliament:[9]
Key
Independent Reform Liberal National
| Election | Winner | |
|---|---|---|
| 1908 election | John Bird Hine | |
| 1911 election | ||
| 1914 election | ||
| 1919 election1 | Robert Masters | |
| 1920 by-election | ||
| 1922 election | ||
| 1925 election | Edward Walter | |
| 1928 election | William Polson | |
| 1931 election | ||
| 1935 election | ||
| 1938 election | ||
| 1943 election | ||
| (electorate abolished 1946–1954) | ||
| 1954 election | Thomas Murray | |
| 1957 election | ||
| 1960 election | ||
| 1963 election | David Thomson | |
| 1966 election | ||
| 1969 election | ||
| 1972 election | ||
| 1975 election | ||
| (Electorate abolished in 1978) | ||
1Robert Masters was elected in 1919; the election was declared void but Masters was elected in the subsequent 1920 by-election
Election results[edit]
1943 election[edit]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | William Polson | 5,327 | 59.31 | +3.83 | |
| Labour | Brian Richmond | 3,268 | 36.38 | ||
| Democratic Labour | A G Marwick | 297 | 3.30 | ||
| Informal votes | 89 | 0.99 | +0.36 | ||
| Majority | 2,059 | 22.92 | +11.32 | ||
| Turnout | 8,981 | 95.39 | +2.05 | ||
| Registered electors | 9,415 | ||||
1938 election[edit]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | William Polson | 5,264 | 55.48 | +6.58 | |
| Labour | James Watson McMillan | 4,163 | 43.88 | ||
| Informal votes | 60 | 0.63 | -0.08 | ||
| Majority | 1,101 | 11.60 | +7.87 | ||
| Turnout | 9,487 | 93.34 | +4.01 | ||
| Registered electors | 10,163 | ||||
1935 election[edit]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | William Polson | 4,434 | 48.90 | +6.40 | |
| Labour | Philip Skoglund | 4,095 | 45.16 | ||
| Democrat | C R Finnerty | 538 | 5.93 | ||
| Informal votes | 65 | 0.71 | +0.32 | ||
| Majority | 339 | 3.73 | -14.42 | ||
| Turnout | 9,067 | 89.33 | +2.52 | ||
| Registered electors | 10,149 | ||||
1931 election[edit]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | William Polson | 3,554 | 42.50 | -13.48 | |
| Independent Reform | J W McMillan[nb 1] | 2,036 | 24.35 | ||
| Independent | Norman Harold Moss | 1,471 | 17.59 | ||
| Labour | Charles Croall | 1,301 | 15.56 | ||
| Informal votes | 33 | 0.39 | -0.30 | ||
| Majority | 1,518 | 18.15 | +6.18 | ||
| Turnout | 8,395 | 86.81 | -4.39 | ||
| Registered electors | 9,670 | ||||
Table footnotes:
- ^ McMillan claimed to stand for the Reform Party, but he was not the official candidate, as the United–Reform Coalition endorsed William Polson, who ran as an Independent[20]
1928 election[edit]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independent | William Polson | 4,592 | 55.99 | ||
| Reform | Edward Walter | 3,610 | 44.01 | ||
| Informal votes | 57 | 0.69 | |||
| Majority | 982 | 11.97 | |||
| Turnout | 8,259 | 91.21 | |||
| Registered electors | 9,055 | ||||
1920 by-election[edit]
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberal | Robert Masters | 3,394 | 51.12 | ||
| Reform | John Bird Hine | 3,246 | 48.88 | ||
| Majority | 148 | 2.22 | |||
| Turnout | 6,640 | ||||
| Liberal hold | Swing | ||||
Notes[edit]
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 71f.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 71–95.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 74–79.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 86f.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 90–95.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 99f.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 95–100.
- ^ McRobie 1989, p. 99.
- ^ a b Wilson 1985, p. 272.
- ^ "The General Election, 1908". National Library. 1909. p. 11. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ Wilson 1985, p. 238.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 66–70.
- ^ Wilson 1985, p. 205.
- ^ Wilson 1985, pp. 205, 219.
- ^ Wilson 1985, p. 219.
- ^ "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
- ^ "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
- ^ The General Election, 1935. National Library. 1936. pp. 1–35. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
- ^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 4. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ^ "Stratford Electorate". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LXVIII, no. 21029. 13 November 1931. p. 11. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- ^ The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 5. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ^ "Final Figures". Wanganui Herald. Vol. LIII, no. 160648. 11 May 1920. p. 5. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
References[edit]
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.