Sudanese Navy
| Sudanese Navy | |
|---|---|
| Arabic: القوات البحرية السودانية | |
 Flag of the Sudanese Navy | |
| Active | 1962–Present |
| Country |  Sudan |
| Allegiance | Sudan |
| Type | Navy |
| Role | Naval Warfare |
| Size | 2,000 personnel (2021 est.)[1] 20 ships |
| Part of |  Sudanese Armed Forces |
| Headquarters | Port Sudan |
| Engagements | First Sudanese Civil War Second Sudanese Civil War Conflict in the Two Areas 2023 War in Sudan |
| Commanders | |
| Chief of the Naval Staff | Vice Admiral Mahjoub Bushra[2] |
The Sudanese Navy (Arabic: القوات البحرية السودانية, romanized: Al-Quwwat Al-Bahriyya al-Sudaniyya) is the naval warfare branch of the Sudanese Armed Forces. Responsible for defending Sudan's Red Sea coastline, territorial waters, and inland waterways. It is the smallest branch of the Sudanese military. Its primary headquarters is located in the strategic port city of Port Sudan.
History
[edit]Foundation
[edit]The Sudanese Navy was established in 1962, six years after Sudan's independence, to protect its nascent maritime interests.[3] The initial fleet was minimal, consisting of a handful of small patrol boats.
Fleet Expansion under Nimeiry
[edit]A significant phase of expansion occurred under the regime of President Gaafar Nimeiry in the 1970s. Recognizing the strategic importance of the Red Sea and the need to secure Sudan's 750 km coastline, the government sought to rapidly develop naval capabilities. Nimeiry's government pursued a pragmatic foreign policy, engaging with both Eastern and Western blocs for military hardware.
To this end, Sudan consulted with and acquired vessels from both Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union; A key early partner, Yugoslavia supplied the navy with its first significant offshore patrol vessels. This included two Kraljevica-class patrol boats, which formed the backbone of the early blue-water fleet.[4] This partnership was part of a broader relationship where Yugoslavia, under Josip Broz Tito, provided military and technical assistance to non-aligned nations.
Concurrently, Sudan engaged with the USSR, acquiring several Poluchat-class torpedo boats and Osa-class missile boats in the early 1970s.[5] These acquisitions marked a brief period of Soviet influence in Sudan's military, providing the navy with its first missile-armed fast attack craft. However, this cooperation was short-lived, as Nimeiry's alignment with the West and Egypt following the 1971 communist coup attempt against him led to a sharp decline in Soviet-Sudanese relations.
This period of diversification allowed the Sudanese Navy to quickly establish a credible, if small, coastal defense force.
Later modernization
[edit]Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, the navy's role was largely constabulary, focused on anti-smuggling operations and port security. It saw limited involvement in the First and Second Sudanese Civil Wars, primarily conducting riverine patrols on the Nile to interdict rebel movements and supply lines.
Following the secession of South Sudan in 2011, Sudan lost a significant portion of its Nile river frontage, shifting the navy's strategic focus more decisively towards the Red Sea. The protection of key economic assets, such as the Port Sudan harbor and Sudan's Exclusive Economic Zone, became its primary mission.
In the 21st century, the navy has sought to modernize its aging fleet. It has acquired several new patrol vessels, notably from China and Iran, to enhance its blue-water patrol capabilities.[6]
During the ongoing War in Sudan that began in April 2023, the navy and its headquarters in Port Sudan have been under the control of the Sudanese Armed Forces loyal to General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. The port has become a critical lifeline for the government, handling humanitarian aid and serving as a de facto temporary capital.
Structure and Fleet
[edit]The Sudanese Navy is a compact force with an estimated 2,000 personnel. Its structure is divided between coastal patrol squadrons and riverine units. There exists a Marine Infantry Command but it is under the Army's command not the Navy's.[7]
The fleet consists of a limited number of vessels, focused on patrol and coastal defense. As of 2021, the primary inventory included:[1]
| Class | Type | Origin | Vessel | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kurmuk (Project 22460) | Missile Corvette |  Russia |
Kurmuk (111)
Al Qadarif (112) |
[8][9] |
| Swiftships 35m | Patrol Craft |  United States |
Shendi (P401)
Al-Fashir (P402) |
[8][10] |
| Al-Marat | Fast Attack Craft (Missile) |  Iran |
Al-Marat (P504) | [8][11] |
| Safeya-class | Fast Attack Craft (Gun) | Iran |
Safeya (P502)
Hunud (P503) |
[8] |
The following table lists significant vessels that were in service during the 20th century but are now assessed as retired, scrapped, or lost.
| Class | Type | Origin | Hull Number | Status | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Osa I (Project 205) | Fast Attack Craft (Missile) |  Soviet Union |
P501 (likely) | Retired | [12][13] |
| Poluchat I (Project 368) | Torpedo Boat | Soviet Union |
— | Retired | [13][14] |
| Kraljevica-class | Patrol Boat |  Yugoslavia |
— | Scrapped | [15][16] |
| Yugoslav Type 131 | Minesweeper | Yugoslavia |
— | Retired | [12] |
| Shershen (Project 206) | Torpedo Boat | Soviet Union |
— | Scrapped | [13] |
The main naval bases are located at:
- Port Sudan (Primary Base and HQ)
- Flamingo Bay (Near Port Sudan)
- Khartoum (Riverine Base on the Nile)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "The Military Balance 2021". International Institute for Strategic Studies. p. 492. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
- ^ https://2021-2025.state.gov/jeddah-declaration-of-commitment-to-protect-the-civilians-of-sudan/
- ^ Woodward, Peter (1996). The Horn of Africa: State Politics and International Relations. I.B. Tauris. p. 71. ISBN 9781850437413.
- ^ Koburger, Charles W. (1977). "The Sudanese Navy: An Overview". U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings. 103/3/889.
- ^ El Mirghani, Robert (1988). The Sudanese Navy: A Historical Study, 1962-1985. Institute for Defence Studies, Khartoum. pp. 45–48.
- ^ Katz, Brian (2023-05-02). "Sudan's Conflict and the Rising Specter of Proxy War". CSIS. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
- ^ The Military Balance 2024. London: IISS. 2024. p. 501. ISBN 9781032780047.
...the Marine Infantry Command [is] part of the Sudanese Ground Forces.
- ^ a b c d The Military Balance 2024. London: Routledge for the International Institute for Strategic Studies. 2024. p. 501. ISBN 9781032780047.
- ^ Sutton, H.I. (2022-05-10). "Sudan's Tiny Navy Is A Strategic Player In The Red Sea". Naval News. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
- ^ "Swiftships". Swiftships.com. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
...two 35-meter patrol boats for the Sudanese Navy.
- ^ Sutton, H.I. (2023-08-15). "Iranian Fast Attack Craft In Service With Sudanese Navy". Naval News. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
- ^ a b Saunders, Stephen (2002). Jane's Fighting Ships 2002-2003. Jane's Information Group. p. 695. ISBN 9780710624323.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: checksum (help) - ^ a b c El Mirghani, Robert (1988). The Sudanese Navy: A Historical Study, 1962-1985. Khartoum: Institute for Defence Studies. pp. 45–48.
- ^ Koburger, Charles W. (1977). "The Sudanese Navy: An Overview". U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings. 103/3/889.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Koburger1977was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Woodward, Peter (1996). The Horn of Africa: State Politics and International Relations. I.B. Tauris. p. 71. ISBN 9781850437413.
External links
[edit]- Sudanese Ministry of Defence (Official Site)