Template:Official languages of U.S. states and territories
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| Place | English official | Other official language(s) | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Yes | No | since 1990[1] |
| Alaska | Yes | Inupiaq, Siberian Yupik, Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Alutiiq, Unangax, Dena'ina, Deg Xinag, Holikachuk, Koyukon, Upper Kuskokwim, Gwich'in, Tanana, Upper Tanana, Tanacross, Hän, Ahtna, Eyak, Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian[2][3] | |
| Arizona | Yes | No | since 2006, 1988 law ruled unconstitutional[4] |
| Arkansas | Yes | No | since 1987[1] |
| California | Yes | No | since 1986[1] |
| Colorado | Yes | No | since 1988[1] |
| Connecticut | No | No[1] | |
| Delaware | No | No[1] | |
| Florida | Yes | No | since 1988[1] |
| Georgia | Yes | No | since 1996[1] |
| Hawaii | Yes | Hawaiian | since 1978[1] |
| Idaho | Yes | No | since 2007[1] |
| Illinois | Yes | No | since 1969; "American" official 1923–1969[1] |
| Indiana | Yes | No | since 1984[1] |
| Iowa | Yes | No | since 2002[1] |
| Kansas | Yes | No | since 2007[1] |
| Kentucky | Yes | No | since 1984[1] |
| Louisiana | No | No | French has had special status since 1968 founding of CODOFIL.[1][5] |
| Maine | No | No[1] | |
| Maryland | No | No[1] | |
| Massachusetts | Yes | No[1] | Since 2002, 1975 law ruled unconstitutional |
| Michigan | No | No[1] | |
| Minnesota | No | No[1] | |
| Mississippi | Yes | No | since 1987[1] |
| Missouri | Yes | No[1] | since 1998 |
| Montana | Yes | No | since 1995[1] |
| Nebraska | Yes | No | since 1923[1] |
| Nevada | No | No[1] | |
| New Hampshire | Yes | No | since 1995[1] |
| New Jersey | No | No[1] | |
| New Mexico | No | No | Spanish has had special status since 1912 passage of state constitution. See article |
| New York | No | No[1] | |
| North Carolina | Yes | No | since 1987[1] |
| North Dakota | Yes | No | since 1987[1] |
| Ohio | No | No[1] | |
| Oklahoma | Yes | No | since 2010. Cherokee language has been official within the Cherokee and the UKB since 1991.[6] [7][8][9] |
| Oregon | No | No | English Plus since 1989[1] |
| Pennsylvania | No | No[1] | |
| Rhode Island | No | No | English Plus since 1992[1] |
| South Carolina | Yes | No | since 1987[1] |
| South Dakota | Yes | No | since 1995[1] |
| Tennessee | Yes | No | since 1984[1] |
| Texas | No | No[1] | |
| Utah | Yes | No | since 2000[1] |
| Vermont | No | No[1] | |
| Virginia | Yes | No | since 1996[1] |
| Washington | No | No | English Plus since 1989[1] |
| West Virginia | Yes | No[1] | since 2016[10] |
| Wisconsin | No | No[1] | |
| Wyoming | Yes | No | since 1996[1] |
| District of Columbia | No | No[citation needed] | |
| American Samoa | Yes | Samoan [11] | |
| Guam | Yes | Chamorro [12] | |
| Northern Mariana Islands | Yes | Chamorro, Carolinian [13] | |
| Puerto Rico | Yes | Spanish[14] | |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | Yes | No[15] |
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at Crawford, James (June 24, 2008). "Language Legislation in the U.S.A." languagepolicy.net. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
- ^ "Once forbidden, Alaska's Native languages now official state languages". KTOO. October 24, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
- ^ http://www.akleg.gov/basis/Bill/Detail/28?Root=HB%20216
- ^ "Arizona makes English official". Washington Times. November 8, 2006. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
- ^ Crawford, James. "Language Policy -- Louisiana". Language Legislation in the U.S.A. Retrieved 2016-10-10.
- ^ "Keetoowah Cherokee is the Official Language of the UKB" (PDF). keetoowahcherokee.org/. Keetoowah Cherokee News: Official Publication of the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma. April 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- ^ "UKB Constitution and By-Laws in the Keetoowah Cherokee Language (PDF)" (PDF). www.keetoowahcherokee.org/. United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians. Retrieved 2 June 2014.
- ^ "The Cherokee Nation & its Language" (PDF). University of Minnesota: Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition. 2008. Retrieved 2014-05-22.
- ^ Slipke, Darla (November 3, 2010). "Oklahoma elections: Republican-backed measures win approval". NewsOK. The Oklahoman. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
- ^ "U.S. English Efforts Lead West Virginia to Become 32nd State to Recognize English as Official Language". U.S. English. March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 22, 2016.
- ^ "Samoa now an official language of instruction in American Samoa". Radio New Zealand International. 2008-10-03. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ "Guam". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2018-10-24. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
- ^ "Northern Mariana Islands". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2018-10-19. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
- ^ Crawford, James. "Puerto Rico and Official English". languagepolicy.net. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". visitusvi.com. United States Virgin Islands. Retrieved April 27, 2011.
