Talk:Isotopes of lead
| WikiProject Elements / Isotopes | (Rated List-class, Low-importance) | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
This article is part of Wikipedia:Wikiproject Isotopes. Please keep style and phrasings consistent across the set of pages. For later reference and improved reliability, data from all considered multiple sources is collected here. References are denoted by these letters:
- (A) G. Audi, O. Bersillon, J. Blachot, A.H. Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003). — Where this source indicates a speculative value, the # mark is also applied to values with weak assignment arguments from other sources, if grouped together. An asterisk after the A means that a comment of some importance may be available in the original.
- (B) National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database. (Retrieved Sept. 2005, from the code of the popup boxes).
- (C) David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes. — The CRC uses rounded numbers with implied uncertainties, where this concurs with the range of another source it is treated as exactly equal in this comparison.
- (D) More specific level data from reference B's Levels and Gammas database.
- (E) Same as B but excitation energy replaced with that from D.
Z N refs symbol half-life spin excitation energy 82 96 AB |Pb-178 |0.23(15) ms |0+ 82 96 C |Pb-178 |~0.2 ms | 82 97 A |Pb-179 |3# ms |5/2-# 82 97 B |Pb-179 |3# ms | 82 98 A |Pb-180 |5(3) ms |0+ 82 98 B |Pb-180 |4.5(11) ms |0+ 82 98 C |Pb-180 |5 ms | 82 99 A |Pb-181 |45(20) ms |5/2-# 82 99 B |Pb-181 |45(20) ms |(13/2+) 82 99 C |Pb-181 |0.05 s | 82 99 A* |Pb-181m | |13/2+# |non-exist 82 99 D |Pb-181m |50(+40-30) ms |(13/2+) |0+X keV 82 100 A |Pb-182 |60(40) ms |0+ 82 100 B |Pb-182 |55(+40-35) ms |0+ 82 100 C |Pb-182 |55 ms | 82 101 ABC |Pb-183 |535(30) ms |(3/2-) 82 101 A |Pb-183m |415(20) ms |(13/2+) |94(8) keV 82 101 E |Pb-183m |415(20) ms |(13/2+) |97(9) keV 82 101 C |Pb-183m |0.42 s |13/2+ 82 102 AB |Pb-184 |490(25) ms |0+ 82 102 C |Pb-184 |0.48 s |0+ 82 103 AC |Pb-185 |6.3(4) s |3/2- 82 103 B |Pb-185 |4.24(17) s |13/2+ 82 103 A |Pb-185m |4.07(15) s |13/2+ |60(40)# keV 82 103 D |Pb-185m |4.1(3) s | |0 keV 82 103 C |Pb-185m |4.3 s |13/2+ 82 104 ABC |Pb-186 |4.82(3) s |0+ 82 105 AB |Pb-187 |15.2(3) s |(3/2-) 82 105 C |Pb-187 |18.3 s |13/2+ 82 105 A |Pb-187m |18.3(3) s |(13/2+) |11(11) keV 82 105 E |Pb-187m |18.3(3) s |(13/2+) |81(17) keV 82 105 C |Pb-187m |15.2 s |(1/2-) 82 106 A |Pb-188 |25.5(1) s |0+ 82 106 B |Pb-188 |25.1(1) s |0+ 82 106 C |Pb-188 |23. s |0+ 82 106 AD |Pb-188m1|830(210) ns |(8-) |2578.2(7) keV 82 106 A |Pb-188m2|797(21) ns | |2800(50) keV 82 106 D |Pb-188m2|797(21) ns | |2700.5+X keV 82 107 AB |Pb-189 |51(3) s |(3/2-) 82 107 C |Pb-189 |51. s | 82 107 A |Pb-189m |1# min |(13/2+) |40(30)# keV 82 108 ABC |Pb-190 |71(1) s |0+ 82 108 AD |Pb-190m |150 ns |(10)+ |2614.8(8) keV 82 108 A |Pb-190m |25 µs |(12+) |2618(20) keV 82 108 D |Pb-190m |25 µs |(12+) |2615+X keV 82 108 AD |Pb-190m |7.2(6) µs |(11)- |2658.2(8) keV 82 109 AB |Pb-191 |1.33(8) min |(3/2-) 82 109 C |Pb-191 |1.3 min | 82 109 A |Pb-191m |2.18(8) min |13/2(+) |20(50) keV 82 109 E |Pb-191m |2.18(8) min |(13/2+) |~138 keV 82 109 C |Pb-191m |2.2 min |13/2+ 82 110 ABC |Pb-192 |3.5(1) min |0+ 82 110 A |Pb-192m1|164(7) ns |(10)+ |2581.1(1) keV 82 110 D |Pb-192m1|164(7) ns |(10)+ |2581.1(4) keV 82 110 AD |Pb-192m2|1.1(5) µs |(12+) |2625.1(11) keV 82 110 AD |Pb-192m3|756(21) ns |(11)- |2743.5(4) keV 82 111 A*B |Pb-193 |5# min |(3/2-) 82 111 C |Pb-193 |~2. min |3/2 82 111 A |Pb-193m1|5.8(2) min |13/2(+) |130(80)# keV 82 111 B |Pb-193m1|5.8(2) min |(13/2+) |0+X keV 82 111 C |Pb-193m1|5.8 min |13/2+ 82 111 D |Pb-193m2|135(+25-15) ns |(33/2+) |2612.5(5)+X keV 82 112 A |Pb-194 |12.0(5) min |0+ 82 112 BC |Pb-194 |10.7(6) min |0+ 82 113 A |Pb-195 |~15 min |3/2#- 82 113 B |Pb-195 |~15 min |3/2- 82 113 C |Pb-195 |~15. min | 82 113 AE |Pb-195m |15.0(12) min |13/2+ |202.9(7) keV 82 113 C |Pb-195m |15. min |13/2+ 82 113 D |Pb-195m2|10.0(7) µs |21/2- |1759.0(7) keV 82 114 ABC |Pb-196 |37(3) min |0+ 82 114 D |Pb-196m1|<100 ns |2+ |1049.20(9) keV 82 114 AD |Pb-196m2|<1 µs |4+ |1738.27(12) keV 82 114 D |Pb-196m3|140(14) ns |5- |1797.51(14) keV 82 114 D |Pb-196m4|270(4) ns |(12+) |2693.5(5) keV 82 115 A |Pb-197 |8(2) min |3/2- 82 115 B |Pb-197 |8.1(17) min |3/2- 82 115 C |Pb-197 |~8. min |(3/2-) 82 115 A |Pb-197m1|43(1) min |13/2+ |319.31(11) keV 82 115 E |Pb-197m1|42.9(9) min |13/2+ |319.31(11) keV 82 115 C |Pb-197m1|43. min |13/2+ 82 115 AD |Pb-197m2|1.15(20) µs |21/2- |1914.10(25) keV 82 116 ABC |Pb-198 |2.4(1) h |0+ 82 116 AD |Pb-198m1|4.19(10) µs |(7)- |2141.4(4) keV 82 116 D |Pb-198m2|137(10) ns |(9)- |2231.4(5) keV 82 116 D |Pb-198m3|212(4) ns |(12)+ |2820.5(7) keV 82 117 AB |Pb-199 |90(10) min |3/2- 82 117 C |Pb-199 |1.5 h |5/2- 82 117 A |Pb-199m1|12.2(3) min |(13/2+) |429.5(27) keV 82 117 E |Pb-199m1|12.2(3) min |(13/2+) |424.8(2)+X keV 82 117 C |Pb-199m1|12.2 min |13/2+ 82 117 A |Pb-199m2|10.1(2) µs |(29/2-) |2563.8(27) keV 82 117 D |Pb-199m2|10.1(2) µs |(29/2-) |2559.1(4)+X keV 82 118 ABC |Pb-200 |21.5(4) h |0+ 82 119 ABC |Pb-201 |9.33(3) h |5/2- 82 119 AE |Pb-201m1|61(2) s |13/2+ |629.14(17) keV 82 119 C |Pb-201m1|1.02 min |13/2+ 82 119 D |Pb-201m2|508(5) ns |(29/2-) |2718.5+X keV 82 120 AB |Pb-202 |52.5(28)E+3 a |0+ 82 120 C |Pb-202 |5.3E+4 a |0+ 82 120 AE |Pb-202m1|3.53(1) h |9- |2169.83(7) keV 82 120 C |Pb-202m1|3.53 h |9- 82 120 D |Pb-202m2|110(5) ns |(16+) |4142.9(11) keV 82 120 D |Pb-202m3|107(5) ns |(19-) |5345.9(13) keV 82 121 A |Pb-203 |51.873(9) h |5/2- 82 121 BC |Pb-203 |51.92(3) h |5/2- 82 121 A |Pb-203m1|6.3(2) s |13/2+ |825.20(9) keV 82 121 E |Pb-203m1|6.21(8) s |13/2+ |825.2(3) keV 82 121 C |Pb-203m1|6.2 s |13/2+ 82 121 A |Pb-203m2|480(20) ms |29/2- |2949.47(22) keV 82 121 E |Pb-203m2|480(7) ms |29/2- |2949.2(4) keV 82 121 D |Pb-203m3|122(4) ns |(25/2-) |2923.4+X keV 82 122 A |Pb-204 |STABLE [>140E+15 a] |0+ 82 122 B |Pb-204 |>=1.4E+17 a |0+ 82 122 C |Pb-204 |STABLE |0+ 82 122 D |Pb-204m1|265(10) ns |4+ |1274.00(4) keV 82 122 A |Pb-204m2|67.2(3) min |9- |2185.79(5) keV 82 122 C |Pb-204m2|1.13 h |9- 82 122 E |Pb-204m2|1.14(4) h |9- |2185.79(5) keV 82 122 D |Pb-204m3|0.45(+10-3) µs |7- |2264.33(4) keV 82 123 A |Pb-205 |15.3(7)E+6 a |5/2- 82 123 B |Pb-205 |1.73(7)E+7 a |5/2- 82 123 C |Pb-205 |1.51E+7 a |5/2- 82 123 D |Pb-205m1|24.2(4) µs |1/2- |2.329(7) keV 82 123 A |Pb-205m2|5.54(10) ms |13/2+ |1013.839(13) keV 82 123 D |Pb-205m2|5.55(2) ms |13/2+ |1013.85(3) keV 82 123 A |Pb-205m3|217(5) ns |25/2- |3195.6(8) keV 82 123 D |Pb-205m3|217(5) ns |25/2- |3195.7(5) keV 82 124 ABC |Pb-206 |STABLE |0+ 82 124 AD |Pb-206m1|125(2) µs |7- |2200.14(4) keV 82 124 AD |Pb-206m2|202(3) ns |12+ |4027.3(7) keV 82 125 ABC |Pb-207 |STABLE |1/2- 82 125 AE |Pb-207m |806(6) ms |13/2+ |1633.368(5) keV 82 125 C |Pb-207m |0.80 s |13/2+ 82 126 AB |Pb-208 |STABLE |0+ 82 126 C |Pb-208 |>2E+19 a |0+ 82 126 A |Pb-208m |500(10) ns |10+ |4895(2) keV 82 127 ABC |Pb-209 |3.253(14) h |9/2+ 82 128 AB |Pb-210 |22.20(22) a |0+ 82 128 C |Pb-210 |22.6 a |0+ 82 128 AD |Pb-210m |201(17) ns |8+ |1278(5) keV 82 129 AB |Pb-211 |36.1(2) min |9/2+ 82 129 C |Pb-211 |36.1 min |(9/2+) 82 130 ABC |Pb-212 |10.64(1) h |0+ 82 130 A |Pb-212m |5(1) µs |(8+) |1335(10) keV 82 130 D |Pb-212m |5(1) µs | |0+X keV 82 131 AB |Pb-213 |10.2(3) min |(9/2+) 82 131 C |Pb-213 |10.2 min | 82 132 AB |Pb-214 |26.8(9) min |0+ 82 132 C |Pb-214 |26.9 min |0+ 82 133 A* |Pb-215 |36(1) s |5/2+# 82 133 BC |Pb-215 |36(1) s |
Femto 13:21, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
Contents
Talk[edit]
Could article explain why Pb-202 is singled out as the common radiogenic isotope ?
How is it made, and what is it used for ? Rod57 (talk) 00:45, 23 May 2008 (UTC)
Article claims that Pb-204 is entirely primordial, yet Pb-204 is a daughter isotope from the beta decay of Tl-204. Can this be verified?
Note that the chart indicates that the range of maximum stability of the 82Pblead element isotopes in the range of the stable EE206 and EO207 isotopes numbers, with the EE204 isotope having fewer extra neutrons (40).WFPM (talk) 14:22, 21 August 2011 (UTC)
The Isotope OO81Tl204 is in the center of the stability range between OE81Tl203 and OE81Tl205, but is not stable, with the noted tendency for it to beta decay to EE82Pb204.WFPM (talk) 14:33, 21 August 2011 (UTC)
Isotope stability trend lines[edit]
The 4 stable isotopes of 82Pb lead have the atomic numbers 204, 206, 207, and 208. In this area of the periodic table the stable elements can be organized with relationship to some stability trend lines having the formula as follows: A = 3Z - an even number. Accordingly, these stable lead isotopes can be organized as follows:
EE82Pb208 = 3Z - 38, = (3 x 82) - 38, = 246 - 38 EO82PB207 = 3Z - 39 = (3 x 82) - 39, = 246 - 39 EE82Pb206 = 3Z - 40, = (3 x 82) - 40, = 246 - 40
EE82Pb204 = 3Z - 42, = (3 x 82) - 42, = 246 - 42
The 3 EE82Pb stable isotopes are noted to occupy the trend lines A = 3Z - 38, 40, and 42, with the isotope EO82Pb207 being between the 2 EE's, as is the usual case for stable EO isotopes. Also, the isotope OE83Bi209, which used to be considered to be the heaviest stable isotope, has the formula OEBi209 = 3Z - 40 as did EE82Pb206.
The stability trend line A = 3Z - 40 is noted to run from OE79Au197 through OE83Bi209 after having changed from A = 3Z - 38 for the isotopes from EE68Er166 back to OE59Pr139, (except for 61Pm), a total of 9 elements.
Of the heavier unstable isotopes, both EE92U238 and EE94Pu244 are noted to be on the stability trend line A = 3Z - 38.WFPM (talk) 19:18, 25 August 2010 (UTC)
If you want to see an Atomic Nuclide chart where the stability trend lines can be plotted as diagonal lines on the chart see: User:JWB/Nuclide chart with skew 1.WFPM (talk) 12:53, 26 August 2010 (UTC)
The chart and discussion below is presented in order to show the general stability trend (versus atomic number and number of extra neutrons) of the stable and longest halflived isotopes of lead. The plotted ordinate values are the base 10 log second halflives of the various isotopes.WFPM (talk) 16:50, 17 May 2011 (UTC) Note that the data includes numerous halflife values of isotopes that are in a condition such as to not significantly represent the stability characteristic of the most stable isotope of that particular atomic number. The point being made is that a chart such as this gives a much better indication of the stability characteristic of the element than just a reading of the stability data.WFPM (talk) 14:38, 19 July 2011 (UTC)
I'm sorry you're no longer permitted to view this chart.
Lead-212 used in medical applications[edit]
Thorium mentions that lead-212 (a daughter nuclide of Thorium) is used in nuclear medicine, citing two sources:
- "AREVA Med launches production of lead-212 at new facility" (Press release). AREVA. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- "Mineral Yearbook 2012" (PDF). USGS.
Some other possibly relevant sources:
- Lead-212 (Medical)
- Nuclear medicine - AREVA group
- Biological effect of lead-212 localized in the nucleus of mammalian cells: role of recoil energy in the radiotoxicity of internal alpha-particle emitters
- Areva seeks to put lead-212 in hospital
I don't have the time to integrate this into the article at the moment, so I'm leaving the ball here for someone to pick up. 71.41.210.146 (talk) 21:10, 1 January 2017 (UTC)
External links modified[edit]
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 2 external links on Isotopes of lead. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
- Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080923135135/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf to http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf
- Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20080923135135/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf to http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf
When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs.
As of February 2018, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by InternetArchiveBot. No special action is required regarding these talk page notices, other than regular verification using the archive tool instructions below. Editors have permission to delete the "External links modified" sections if they want, but see the RfC before doing mass systematic removals. This message is updated dynamically through the template {{sourcecheck}} (last update: 15 July 2018).
- If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with this tool.
- If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with this tool.
Cheers.—InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 14:15, 15 April 2017 (UTC)
Update regarding Neutron star mergers?[edit]
This and other articles suggesting all of heavy elements are made in supernovae should be updated to include the newly confirmed neutron star origin. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 64.203.122.204 (talk) 05:55, 24 October 2017 (UTC)