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List of people known as the Great

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"The Great" redirects here. For other uses, see The Great (disambiguation).

Cyrus II of Persia, first to use the title of "Great"

This is a list of people known as the Great, or the equivalent, in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes, such as Persian e Bozorg and Hindustani e Azam.

In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to have been a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King" (King of Kings, Shahanshah). It was first used by Cyrus II of Persia.[1] The title was inherited by Alexander III when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference to this is in a comedy by Plautus,[2] in which it is assumed that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no evidence that he was called "the Great" before this. The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus III. Once the term gained currency, it was broadened to include persons in other fields, such as the philosopher Albertus.

Later rulers and commanders were given the epithet during their lifetime, for example, the Roman general Pompey. Others received the title posthumously, such as the Indian emperor Ashoka. As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of the designation varies greatly. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "the Great" in his lifetime, but is rarely called such nowadays, later writers preferring his more specific epithet "the Sun King". German Emperor Wilhelm I was often called "the Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely before or after.

Monarchs

Name Description Dates Ref.
Abbas I Shah of Iran 1587 – 1629 [3]
Abgar VIII King of Osroene 177 – 212 [citation needed]
Akbar Emperor of Mughal 1556 – 1605 [4]
Alan I Duke of Brittany 876 – 907 [citation needed]
Alexander I King of Georgia 1412 – 1442 [citation needed]
Alexander III King of Macedon 336 BC – 323 BC [citation needed]
Alfonso III King of León, Galicia and Asturias 866 – 910 [citation needed]
Alfred King of Wessex 871 – 899 [citation needed]
Amenhotep III Pharaoh of Egypt 1391 BC – 1353 BC or 1388 BC – 1351 BC [citation needed]
Antiochus III Basileus of the Seleucid Empire 223 BC – 187 BC [citation needed]
Ashoka Emperor of Maurya 268 BC – 232 BC [5][6][7]
Ashot I King of Armenia 885 – 890 [citation needed]
Ashot I King of Iberia 813 – 826 or 830 [citation needed]
Muhammad I King of Songhai 1493 – 1528 [8]
Bagrat V King of Georgia 1360 – 1393 [citation needed]
Berengaria Queen of Castile and Toledo 1197 – 1246 [citation needed]
Bhillama I King of Seuna 910 – 930 [9]
Bolesław I King of Poland 992 – 1025 [10]
Borommaracha IV King of Thonburi 1767 – 1782 [11]
Casimir III King of Poland 1333 – 1370 [citation needed]
Catherine II Empress of Russia 1762 – 1796 [citation needed]
Charles I King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans 768 – 814 [citation needed]
Cnut King of England, Denmark and Norway 1016 – 1035 [citation needed]
Constantine I Emperor of Rome 306 – 337 [citation needed]
Cyrus II Shahanshah of Persia 559 BC – 530 BC [citation needed]
Darius I Shahanshah of Persia 522 BC – 486 BC [citation needed]
Eucratides I King of Bactria and Yavana 171 BC – 145 BC [12]
Ewuare I King of Benin 1440 – 1473 [citation needed]
Farrukhan Ispahbadh of Tabaristan 712 – 728 [13]
Ferdinand I King of León and Count of Castile 1037 – 1065 [citation needed]
Frederick II King of Prussia 1740 – 1786 [citation needed]
Gustav II King of Sweden 1611 – 1632 [citation needed]
Gwanggaeto King of Goguryeo 391 – 412 [14]
Gwrgan King of Ergyng 619 – 645 [citation needed]
Henry IV King of France and Navarre 1589 – 1610 [citation needed]
Herod I King of Judea 37 BC – 4 BC or 36 BC – 1 BC [citation needed]
Hugh Co-King of France 1017 – 1025 [citation needed]
Hugh III King of Cyprus and Jerusalem 1267 – 1284 [citation needed]
Inal Supreme Prince of Circassia 1427 – 1453 [citation needed]
Ivan III Grand Prince of Moscow and All-Russia 1462 – 1505 [citation needed]
Iyasu I Emperor of Ethiopia 1682 – 1706 [citation needed]
John II King of Aragon and Navarre 1458 – 1479 [citation needed]
Justinian I Emperor of Byzantine 527 – 565 [citation needed]
Kamehameha I King of Hawaii 1782 – 1819 [citation needed]
Kanishka I Emperor of Kushan 127 – 150 [15]
Kvirike III King of Kakheti and Hereti 1010 – 1037 [citation needed]
Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I King of Palenque 615 – 683 [citation needed]
Leo I Emperor of Rome 457 – 474 [16]
Llywelyn King of Gwynedd 1195 – 1240 [citation needed]
Louis I King of Hungary, Croatia, and Poland 1342 – 1382 [citation needed]
Louis XIV King of France and Navarre 1643 – 1715 [citation needed]
Mardavij King of the Ziyarids 930 – 935 [citation needed]
Marianus IV Judge of Arborea 1347 – 1376 [17]
Krešimir II King of Croatia 949 – 969 [18]
Miloš I Prince of Serbia 1817 – 1839, 1858 – 1860 [citation needed]
Mircea Voivode of Wallachia 1386 – 1394, 1397 – 1418 [citation needed]
Mithridates I King of Persia 165 BC – 132 BC [19]
Mithridates II King of Persia 124 BC – 91 BC [citation needed]
Mithridates VI King of Pontus 120 BC – 63 BC [citation needed]
Mstislav I Grand Prince of Kiev 1088 – 1132 [citation needed]
Mubarak Sheikh of Kuwait 1896 – 1915 [citation needed]
Nebuchadnezzar II King of Babylon 605 BC – 562 BC [20]
Otto I Emperor of the Romans 962 – 973 [citation needed]
Parakramabahu I King of Polonnaruwa 1153 – 1186 [21]
Peter I Emperor of Russia 1682 – 1725 [citation needed]
Peter III King of Aragon and Sicily 1276 – 1285 [citation needed]
Pharasmanes I King of Iberia 1 – 58 [citation needed]
Radama I King of Madagascar 1810 – 1828 [citation needed]
Radu IV Voivode of Wallachia 1495 – 1508 [citation needed]
Rajendra I Emperor of Chola 1014 – 1044 [citation needed]
Rama I King of Siam 1782 – 1809 [22]
Rama IV King of Siam 1851 – 1868 [citation needed]
Rama IX King of Thailand 1946 – 2016 [citation needed]
Ramathibodi III King of Ayutthaya 1656 – 1688 [citation needed]
Rama V King of Siam 1868 – 1910 [citation needed]
Ramesses II Pharaoh of Egypt 1279 BC – 1213 BC [23]
Ramkhamhaeng King of Sukhothai 1279 – 1298 [citation needed]
Reza Shah of Iran 1925 – 1941 [citation needed]
Rhodri King of Gwynedd 844 – 878 [citation needed]
Roman Grand Prince of Kiev 1168 – 1205 [24]
Sancho III King of Navarre 1004 – 1035 [citation needed]
Sanphet II King of Ayutthaya 1590 – 1605 [citation needed]
Sargon King of Akkad 2334 BC – 2279 BC [25]
Sejong King of Joseon 1418 – 1450 [26]
Shahi Sultan of Kashmir 1418 – 1419, 1420 – 1470 [27]
Shapur II Shahanshah of Persia 309 – 379 [citation needed]
Simeon I Emperor of Bulgaria 893 – 927 [28]
Simon I King of Kartli 1556 – 1569, 1578 – 1599 [citation needed]
Solomon I King of Imereti 1752 – 1765, 1767 – 1784 [citation needed]
Sonni Ali King of Songhai 1464 – 1492 [29]
Stefan Uroš I King of Serbia 1243 – 1276 [citation needed]
Stephen III Prince of Moldavia 1457 – 1504 [citation needed]
Svatopluk I King of Moravia 867 – 894 [30]
Tamar I Queen of Georgia 1184 – 1213 [31]
Theodoric King of the Ostrogoths, Regent of the Visigoths and Viceroy of Byzantine 471 – 526 [citation needed]
Theodosius I Emperor of Rome 379 – 395 [32]
Thoros II Lord of Armenian Cilicia 1144 or 1145 – 1169 [33]
Thutmose III Pharaoh of Egypt 1479 BC – 1425 BC [34]
Tigranes II Emperor of Armenia 95 BC – 55 BC [35]
Tiridates III King of Armenia 298 – 330 [36]
Valdemar I King of Denmark 1154 – 1182 [37]
Valentinian I Emperor of Rome 364 – 375 [38]
Vigraharaja IV King of Chauhan 1150 – 1164 [39]
Vladimir I Prince of Novgorod, Grand Prince of Kiev 970 – 1015 [40]
Vytautas Grand Duke of Lithuania 1392 – 1430 [41]
Wilhelm I Emperor of Germany 1871 – 1888 [citation needed]
Xerxes I Shahanshah of Persia 486 BC – 465 BC [42]
Yuknoom Chʼeen II Maya king of Kaan 636 – 686 [43]
Zayed Sheikh of Abu Dhabi 1855 – 1909 [44]

Aristocrats

Name Description Dates Ref.
Alain I Lord of Albret 1440 – 1522 [citation needed]
Amadeus V Count of Savoy 1249 – 1323 [citation needed]
Arnulf I Count of Flanders 893 – 964 [45]
Atenulf I Prince of Capua ? – c. 910 [citation needed]
Barnim III Duke of Stettin Pomerania 1344 – 1368 [46]
Bogislaw X Duke of Pomerania 1454 – 1523 [citation needed]
Bogusław V Duke of Wolgast and Słupsk 1326 – 1374 [47]
Bruno Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia 925 – 965 [48]
Charles Emmanuel I Duke of Savoy 1562 – 1630 [citation needed]
Charles III Duke of Lotharingia 1543 – 1608 [citation needed]
Conrad I Margrave of Meissen 1097 – 1157 [49]
David III Prince of Tao 966 – 1001 [citation needed]
Frederick II Duke of Legnica, Brzeg, Wołów, Głogów, and Ziębice 1488 – 1547 [citation needed]
Frederick William Duke of Prussia 1620 – 1688 [citation needed]
Gerhard III Count of Holstein-Rendsburg 1292 – 1340 [citation needed]
Gero I Ruler of Marca Geronis 900 – 965 [50]
Godfrey I Count of Brussels and Leuven, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Langrave of Brabant 1060 – 1139 [citation needed]
Gothelo I Duke of Lotharingia, Count of Verdun, and Margrave of Antwerp 967 – 1044 [citation needed]
Gurgen II Prince of Tao 918 – 941 [citation needed]
Hanno I Carthaginian politician and military leader 4th century BC [citation needed]
Hanno II Carthaginian aristocrat, general, and politician 3rd century BC [51]
Hanno III Carthaginian politician 2nd century BC [52][53]
Henry I Duke of Burgundy 946 – 1002 [citation needed]
Henry V Count of Luxembourg 1216 – 1281 [citation needed]
Hugh Count of Paris and Duke of the Franks 898 – 956 [54]
Hugh Count of Vermandois 1057 – 1101 [citation needed]
Hugh Margrave of Tuscany 953 or 954 – 1001 [citation needed]
Humphrey I Baron of Trowbridge ? – 1123 [citation needed]
Intef Nomarch of Thebes ? – c. 2135 BC [55]
Matthew II Lord of Montmorency 1189 – 1230 [citation needed]
Maximilian I Duke of Bavaria 1573 – 1651 [citation needed]
Milo I Lord of Montlhéry 1095 – 1102 [citation needed]
Odo Duke of Aquitaine ? – 735 [56]
Ralph IV Count of Valois, Bar-sur-Aube, Vexin, Vitry, Amiens, Montdidier and Tardenois 1025 – 1074 [57]
Ramon Berenguer III Count of Barcelona, Provence, and various other counties 1082 – 1131 [citation needed]
Robert I Count of Dreux 1123 – 1188 [citation needed]
Roger Earl of Shrewsbury and Arundel ? – 1094 [citation needed]
Roger Bernard II Count of Foix 1223 – 1241 [citation needed]
Roger II Count of Sicily c. 1030 – 1101 [citation needed]
Świętopełk II Duke of Pomerania ? – 1266 [58]
Theobald II Count of Champagne and Brie 1090 – 1151 [citation needed]
William I Count of Burgundy and Mâcon 1020 – 1087 [citation needed]
William V Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou 969 – 1030 [59]

Military

Name Description Dates Ref.
Afonso Portuguese general, statesman and empire builder 1453 – 1515 [60]
Melias Byzantine general of Armenian origin 890 – 934 [61]
Pompey Military and political leader of Rome 106 BC – 48 BC [62]
Prokop Hussite general in Bohemia 1380 – 1434 [63]

Religious figures

Christian

Name Description Dates Ref.
Abraham Monk and saint of the Church of the East 492 – 586 [citation needed]
Albertus Medieval German philosopher and theologian 1193 or 1206 – 1280 [64]
Anthony Early Christian saint of Egypt 251 – 356 [65]
Arsenius Roman anchorite saint in Egypt 354 – 445 [citation needed]
Athanasius Early Christian saint and bishop of Alexandria 296 – 373 [66]
Babai Assyrian church leader 551 – 628 [citation needed]
Basil Greek bishop and theologian 330 – 379 [67]
Bertin Frankish Abbot of a namesake monastery 615 – 709 [citation needed]
Dioscorus I Coptic Orthodox Church pope ? – 454 [citation needed]
Euthymius Abbot and Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint 377 – 473 [citation needed]
Gertrude German Benedictine, mystic, theologian and Roman Catholic saint 1256 – 1302 [68]
Gregory I Catholic pope 540 – 604 [69]
Hilarion Ancient Roman anchorite and Orthodox and Catholic saint 291 – 371 [citation needed]
Hugh Abbot of Cluny 1024 – 1109 [citation needed]
Isaac Armenian Catholicos 354 – 439 [citation needed]
James[Note 1] One of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus 3 – 44 [70]
Joannicius Byzantine hermit, theologian and saint 752 – 846 [71]
Leo I Catholic pope 391 or 400 – 461 [72]
Macarius Egyptian hermit 300 – 391 [73]
Michael Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church 1126 – 1199 [74]
Nerses I Armenian Catholicos ? – 373 [citation needed]
Nicholas I Catholic pope 800 – 867 [75]
Photios I Eastern Orthodox saint and Patriarch of Constantinople 810 – 893 [76]
Shenoute Oriental Orthodox saint and abbot of the White Monastery 348 – 465 [citation needed]
Sisoes An early desert father, a solitary monk pursuing asceticism in the Egyptian desert in a cave of Anthony the Great ? – 429 [citation needed]
William Founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites ? – 1157 [citation needed]

Jewish

Name Description Dates Ref.
Aharon I Hasidic rabbi 1736 – 1772 [77]
Eliezer Rabbi in Judea 1st century [78][79]
Hiyya Rabbi in Judea 180 – 230 [80]

Legendary and mythological figures

Name Description Ref.
Ajax Greek hero in the Iliad [81]
Beli In medieval Welsh mythology and literature [82]
Belinus Legendary king of the Britons [citation needed]
Fergus Semi-mythical king of Dál Riata [citation needed]
Gradlon Semi-mythical king of Cornouaille [citation needed]
Hayk Legendary founder and patriarch of the Armenian nation [83]
Phrom Legendary king of Yonok [84]
Yu Legendary king of Xia [85][86]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In this case James is styled "the Greater" to distinguish him from the Apostle James the Lesser, with greater meaning older or taller, rather than more important.

References

  1. ^ In a clay cylinder (online). The first Persian ruler to use the title in an Iranian context was Darius I of Persia (Darius the Great), in the Behistun Inscription (online).
  2. ^ Plautus, Mostellaria 775.
  3. ^ Savory, R. M. (3 May 2018). "ʿABBĀS I". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I. pp. 71–75. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  4. ^ "Jalal al-Din Muhammad Akbar (Akbar the Great)". British Museum.
  5. ^ Monika Khanna (2011). Ashoka, the Great: The Great Reformist Emperor of India. Farsight Publishers & Distributors. ISBN 978-81-89297-75-6.
  6. ^ Savory, Roger M. "ʿAbbās I". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
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  10. ^ Patrick J. Geary (2010). Readings in Medieval History. University of Toronto Press. pp. 642–. ISBN 978-1-4426-0120-8.
  11. ^ Gerald W. Fry; Gayla S. Nieminen; Harold E. Smith (8 August 2013). Historical Dictionary of Thailand. Scarecrow Press. p. 401. ISBN 978-0-8108-7525-8.
  12. ^ Asiatic Society of Bengal (1840). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Soc. p. 533.
  13. ^ Bernard Lewis; Charles Pellat (1982). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill. p. 298. ISBN 9789004067127.
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  17. ^ Nowé, 174.
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  71. ^ Treadgold, Warren (January 2002). "Photius Before His Patriarchate". Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 53: 1–17. doi:10.1017/S0022046901008727. S2CID 162542349 – via Cambridge.
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  73. ^ "Μνήμη τοῦ ὁσίου πατρός ἠμῶν Μακαρίου τοῦ Αἰγυπτίου τοῦ ἀναχωρητοῦ" [Our father Makarios of Egypt the Anchorite, of blessed memory]. Apostoliki Diakonia: Eorlogio (in Greek). Apostoliki Diakonia (Apostolic Auxiliary) of the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  74. ^ Wright, A short history of Syriac literature, p.250, n.4, referencing Bar Hebraeus, Chron. Eccles., vol. 1, 537.
  75. ^ Will Durant. The Age of Faith. New York, New York, USA: Simon and Schuster, 1972. Chapter 21: Christianity in Conflict, p. 517-51
  76. ^ White, Despina Stratoudaki (1981). "The Life of Patriarch Photios". Patriarch Photios of Constantinople, His Life, Scholarly Contributions, and Correspondence, Together with a Translation of Fifty-two of His Letters. Holy Cross Orthodox Press. ISBN 978-0-91658626-3. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  77. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "AARON BEN JACOB OF KARLIN". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  78. ^ Pirkei Avot 2:8; Avot of Rabbi Natan 6:3
  79. ^ Avot of Rabbi Natan 14:5
  80. ^ "HIYYA BAR ABBA - JewishEncyclopedia.com". jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  81. ^ "Ajax or Aias – Municipality of Salamina". www.salamina.gr. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  82. ^ Delamarre, Xavier. Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise, Editions Errance, Paris, 2003, pp. 70–72.
  83. ^ Gōsh, Mkhitʻar (2000). The Lawcode (Datastanagirk') of Mxit'ar Goš. Rodopi. p. 112. ISBN 9789042007901. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  84. ^ ""ตำนานพระเจ้าพรหม" วีรบุรุษของโยนกล้านนา" ["King Phrom Legend" hero of Singhanavati Lanna Kingdom]. Chiangmainews (in Thai). 8 January 2019. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  85. ^ Wang Quangen 王泉根, (1993). Huaxia Quming Yishu 華夏取名藝術. (Taipei: Zhishu-fang Chuban Jituan 知書房出版集團), 42.
  86. ^ Siam_Qi. Records_of_the_Grand_Historian. Translated by William H. Nienhauser as The Grand Scribe's Records: The Basic Annals of Antiquity. Indiana University Press, 1994.
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