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List of people known as the Great

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"The Great" redirects here. For other uses, see The Great (disambiguation).

This is a list of people known as the Great, or the equivalent, in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes, such as Persian e Bozorg and Hindustani e Azam.

In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to have been a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King" (King of Kings, Shahanshah). It was first used by Cyrus II of Persia.[1] The title was inherited by Alexander III when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference to this is in a comedy by Plautus,[2] in which it is assumed that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no evidence that he was called "the Great" before this. The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus III. Once the term gained currency, it was broadened to include persons in other fields, such as the philosopher Albert.

Later rulers and commanders were given the epithet during their lifetime, for example, the Roman general Pompey. Others received the title posthumously, such as the Indian emperor Ashoka. As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of the designation varies greatly. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "the Great" in his lifetime, but is rarely called such nowadays, later writers preferring his more specific epithet "the Sun King". German Emperor Wilhelm I was often called "the Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely before or after.

Monarchs

Name Description Dates Ref.
Abbas I Shah of Iran 1587 – 1629 [3]
Abgar VIII King of Osroene 177 – 212
Akbar Mughal emperor of India 1556 – 1605 [4]
Alan I Duke of Brittany 876 – 907
Alexander I King of Georgia 1412 – 1442
Alexander III Basileus of Macedonia and King of Kings of Persia, Pharaoh of Egypt 336 BC – 323 BC
Alfonso III King of León, Galicia and Asturias 866 – 910
Alfred King of Wessex and the Anglo-Saxons 871 – 899
Ali Sher Khan Sultan of Baltiyul 1595 – 1633
Amenhotep III Pharaoh of Egypt 1391 BC – 1353 BC or 1388 BC – 1351 BC
Antiochus III Ruler of the Seleucid Empire 223 BC – 187 BC
Ashoka Mauryan ruler of India and "Emperor of Emperors" 268 BC – 232 BC [5][6][7]
Ashot I King of Armenia 885 – 890
Ashot I Bagratid king of Georgia 813 – 826 or 830
Askia Mohammad I Ruler of the Songhai Empire 1493 – 1528 [8]
Bagrat V King of Georgia 1360 – 1393
Barnim III Duke of Stettin Pomerania 1344 – 1368 [9]
Berengaria Queen of Castile and Toledo 1197 – 1246
Bhillama I King of Seuna dynasty of India 910 – 930 [10]
Bogusław V Duke of Wolgast and Słupsk 1326 – 1374 [11]
Bolesław I King of Poland 992 – 1025 [12]
Borommaracha IV King of the Thonburi Kingdom (in present-day Thailand) 1767 – 1782 [13]
Casimir III King of Poland 1333 – 1370
Catherine II Empress of Russia 1762 – 1796
Charlemagne King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans 768 – 814
Constantine I Roman emperor 306 – 337
Cnut King of England (1016–1035), Denmark (1018–1035) and Norway (1028–1035) 1016 – 1035
Cyrus II Shahanshah of Persia, Achaemenid Empire (in present-day Iran) 559 BC – 530 BC
Darius I Shahanshah of Persia, Achaemenid Empire (in present-day Iran) 522 BC – 486 BC
Eucratides I Ruler of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and the Indo-Greek Kingdom 171 BC – 145 BC [14]
Ewuare I Oba (king) of the Benin Empire (in present-day Nigeria) 1440 – 1473
Farrukhan Ispahbadh of Tabaristan 712 – 728 [15]
Ferdinand I King of León and Count of Castile 1037 – 1065
Frederick II King of Prussia 1740 – 1786
Gwrgan King of Ergyng 619 – 645
Gustav II King of Sweden 1611 – 1632
Gwanggaeto King of Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea 391 – 412 [16]
Henry IV King of France and King of Navarre 1589 – 1610
Herod I King of Judea 37 BC – 4 BC or 36 BC – 1 BC
Hugh III King of Cyprus and Jerusalem 1267 – 1284
Hugh Co-King of France 1017 – 1025
Inal Supreme Prince of Circassia 1427 – 1453
Ivan III Grand Prince of Moscow and All Russia 1462 – 1505
Iyasu I Emperor of Ethiopia 1682 – 1706
John II King of Aragon and King of Navarre 1458 – 1479
Justinian I Byzantine Emperor 527 – 565
Kamehameha I King of Hawaii 1782 – 1819
Kanishka I Emperor of Kushan Empire 127 – 150 [17]
Kvirike III King of Kakheti in eastern Georgia 1010 – 1037
Leo I Roman emperor 457 – 474 [18]
Llywelyn King of Gwynedd 1195 – 1240
Louis I King of Hungary, Croatia, and Poland 1342 – 1382
Louis XIV King of France and Navarre 1643 – 1715
Manuel I Byzantine emperor 1143 – 1180
Marianus IV Judge of Arborea 1347 – 1376 [19]
Michael Krešimir II King of Croatia 949 – 969 [20]
Miloš I Prince of Serbia 1817 – 1839, 1858 – 1860
Mircea Voivode of Wallachia 1386 – 1394, 1397 – 1418
Mithridates I King of Parthia (in present-day Iran) 165 BC – 132 BC [21]
Mithridates II King of Parthia (in present-day Iran) 124 BC – 91 BC
Mithridates VI King of Pontus 120 BC – 63 BC
Mubarak Ruler of Kuwait 1896 – 1915
Mstislav I Grand Prince of Kiev 1088 – 1132
Nebuchadnezzar II King of the Neo-Babylonian Empire 605 BC – 562 BC [22]
Otto I Holy Roman Emperor 962 – 973
Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I Ruler of the Maya city-state of Palenque 615 – 683
Parakramabahu I King of Polonnaruwa 1153 – 1186 [23]
Peter I Tsar of Russia 1682 – 1725 [citation needed]
Peter III King of Aragon and King of Sicily 1276 – 1285
Pharasmanes I King of Iberia 1 – 58
Radama I King of greater Madagascar 1810 – 1828
Radu IV Voivode of Wallachia 1495 – 1508
Rajendra I Imperial Chola Emperor of Tamilakam 1014 – 1044
Rama I King of Siam (In present-day Thailand) 1782 – 1809 [24]
Rama IV King of Siam (in present-day Thailand) 1851 – 1868
Rama IX King of Thailand 1946 – 2016
Ramathibodi III King of Ayutthaya (in present-day Thailand) 1656 – 1688
Rama V King of Siam (in present-day Thailand) 1868 – 1910
Ramesses II Pharaoh of Egypt 1279 BC – 1213 BC [25]
Ram Khamhaeng King of Sukhothai (In present-day Thailand) 1279 – 1298
Reza Shah Shah of Iran 1925 – 1941
Rhodri King of Gwynedd (in present-day Wales) 844 – 878
Roman Grand Prince of Kiev 1168 – 1205 [26]
Sancho III King of Navarre 1004 – 1035
Sanphet II King of Ayutthaya (in present-day Thailand) 1590 – 1605
Sargon Ruler of the Akkadian Empire 2334 BC – 2279 BC [27]
Sejong King of Joseon (in present-day Korea) 1418 – 1450 [28]
Shadab Khan King of Chibhal, Governor of Kashmir and Kandahar 1463 – 1568
Shapur II Shahanshah of Persia, Sassanid Empire (in present-day Iran) 309 – 379
Simeon I Tsar of Bulgaria 893 – 927 [29]
Simon I King of Kartli 1556 – 1569, 1578 – 1599
Solomon I King of Imereti 1752 – 1765, 1767 – 1784
Sonni Ali Ruler of the Songhai Empire 1464 – 1492 [30]
Stefan Uroš I King of Serbia 1243 – 1276
Stephen III Prince of Moldavia (in present-day Romania) 1457 – 1504
Svatopluk I King of Moravia 867 – 894 [31]
Tamar Queen of the Georgian Empire 1184 – 1213 [32]
Theoderic King of the Ostrogoths, regent of the Visigoths and viceroy of the Byzantine Empire 471 – 526
Theodosius I Roman emperor 379 – 395 [33]
Thoros II Lord of Armenian Cilicia 1144 or 1145 – 1169 [34]
Thutmose III Pharaoh of Egypt 1479 BC – 1425 BC [35]
Tigranes II Emperor of Armenia 95 BC – 55 BC [36]
Tiridates III King of Armenia 298 – 330 [37]
Valdemar I King of Denmark 1154 – 1182 [38]
Valentinian I Roman emperor 364 – 375 [39]
Vigraharaja IV King of Chauhan Dynasty of India 1150 – 1164 [40]
Vladimir I Prince of Novgorod and Grand Prince of Kiev 970 – 1015 [41]
Vytautas Grand Duke of Lithuania 1392 – 1430 [42]
Xerxes I Shahanshah of Persia, Achaemenid Empire (in present-day Iran) 486 BC – 465 BC [43]
Yuknoom Ch'een II Maya king of Kaan 636 – 686 [44]
Zayed Ruler of Abu Dhabi 1855 – 1909 [45]
Zayn al-Abidin Sultan of Kashmir 1418 – 1419, 1420 – 1470 [46]

Aristocrats

Name Description Dates Ref.
Alain I French aristocrat 1440 – 1522
Amadeus V Count of Savoy 1249 – 1323
Arnulf I Count of Flanders 893 – 964 [47]
Atenulf I Prince of Capua ? – c. 910
Bogislaw X Duke of Pomerania 1454 – 1523
Bruno Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia 925 – 965 [48]
Charles Emmanuel I Duke of Savoy 1562 – 1630
Charles III Duke of Lorraine 1543 – 1608
Conrad I Margrave of Meissen 1097 – 1157 [49]
David III Prince of Tao 966 – 1001
Frederick II Duke of Legnica, Brzeg, Wołów, Głogów, and Ziębice 1488 - 1547
Frederick William Duke of Prussia 1620 - 1688
Gerhard III German prince 1292 – 1340
Gero I Ruler of Marca Geronis 900 – 965 [50]
Godfrey I Count of Brussels and Leuven; Duke of Lower Lorraine; Langrave of Brabant 1060 – 1139
Gothelo I Duke of Lorraine; count of Verdun; and margrave of Antwerp 967 – 1044
Gurgen II Prince of Tao 918 – 941
Hanno I Carthaginian politician and military leader 4th century BC
Hanno II Carthaginian aristocrat, general, and politician 3rd century BC [51]
Hanno III Carthaginian politician 2nd century BC [52][53]
Henry I Duke of Burgundy 946 – 1002
Henry V Count of Luxembourg 1216 – 1281
Hugh Count of Paris and Duke of the Franks 898 – 956 [54]
Hugh Count of Vermandois 1057 – 1101
Hugh Margrave of Tuscany 953/954 – 1001
Humphrey I Anglo-Norman aristocrat ? – 1123
Intef Nomarch of Thebes ? – c. 2135 BC [55]
Matthew II Lord of Montmorency 1189 – 1230
Maximilian I Ruler of Bavaria 1573 – 1651
Milo I Lord of Montlhéry 1095 – 1102
Odo Duke of Aquitaine ? – 735 [56]
Pompey Military and political leader of Roman Republic 106 BC – 48 BC [57]
Ralph IV Count of Valois, Bar, Vexin, Vitry, Amiens, Montdidier and Tardenois 1025 – 1074 [58]
Ramon Berenguer III Count of Barcelona, Provence, and various other counties 1082 – 1131
Robert I Count of Dreux 1123 – 1188
Roger-Bernard II Count of Foix 1223 – 1241
Roger Earl of Shrewsbury and Arundel ? – 1094
Roger I Count of Sicily c. 1030 – 1101
Świętopełk II Duke of Gdańsk Pomerania ? – 1266 [59]
Theobald II Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV, Count of Champagne and of Brie 1090 – 1151
William I Count of Burgundy and Mâcon 1020 – 1087
William V Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou 969 – 1030 [60]

Military

Name Description Dates Ref.
Afonso Portuguese general, statesman and empire builder 1453 – 1515 [61]
Melias Byzantine general of Armenian origin 890 –934 [62]
Prokop Hussite general in Bohemia 1380 – 1434 [63]

Religious figures

Christian

Name Description Dates Ref.
Abraham Monk and saint of the Church of the East 492 – 586
Albertus Medieval German philosopher and theologian 1193/1206 – 1280 [64]
Anthony Early Christian saint of Egypt 251 – 356 [65]
Arsenius Roman anchorite saint in Egypt 354 – 445
Athanasius Early Christian saint and bishop of Alexandria 296 – 373 [66]
Babai Assyrian church leader 551 – 628
Basil Greek bishop and theologian 330 – 379 [67]
Bertin Frankish Abbot of a namesake monastery 615 – 709
Dioscorus I Coptic Orthodox Church pope ? – 454
Euthymius Abbot and Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint 377 – 473
Gertrude German Benedictine, mystic, theologian and Roman Catholic saint 1256 – 1302 [68]
Gregory I Roman Catholic pope 540 – 604 [69]
Hilarion Ancient Roman anchorite and Orthodox and Roman Catholic saint 291 – 371
Hugh Abbot of Cluny 1024 – 1109
Isaac Armenian Catholicos 354 – 439
James[Note 1] One of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus 3 – 44 [70]
Joannicius Byzantine hermit, theologian and saint 752 – 846 [71]
Leo I Roman Catholic pope 391 or 400 – 461 [72]
Macarius Egyptian hermit 300 – 391 [73]
Michael Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church 1126 – 1199 [74]
Nerses I Armenian Catholicos ? – 373
Nicholas I Roman Catholic pope 800 – 867 [75]
Photius I Eastern Orthodox saint and Patriarch of Constantinople 810 – 893 [76]
Shenoute Oriental Orthodox saint and abbot of the White Monastery 348 – 465
Sisoes An early desert father, a solitary monk pursuing asceticism in the Egyptian desert in a cave of Anthony the Great ? – 429
William Founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites ? - 1157

Jewish

Name Description Dates Ref.
Aharon I Hasidic rabbi 1736 – 1772 [77]
Eliezer Rabbi in Judea 1st century [78][79]
Hiyya Rabbi in Judea 180 – 230 [80]

Legendary and mythological figures

Name Description Ref.
Ajax Greek hero in the Iliad [81]
Beli In medieval Welsh mythology and literature [82]
Belinus Legendary king of the Britons
Fergus Semi-mythical king of Dál Riata
Gradlon Semi-mythical king of Cornouaille
Hayk Legendary founder and patriarch of the Armenian nation [83]
Phrom Legendary king of Singhanavati Realm [84]
Yu Legendary king of Xia dynasty (in present-day China) [85][86]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In this case James is styled "the Greater" to distinguish him from the Apostle James the Lesser, with greater meaning older or taller, rather than more important.

References

  1. ^ In a clay cylinder (online). The first Persian ruler to use the title in an Iranian context was Darius I of Persia (Darius the Great), in the Behistun Inscription (online).
  2. ^ Plautus, Mostellaria 775.
  3. ^ Savory, R. M. (3 May 2018). "ʿABBĀS I". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I. pp. 71–75. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  4. ^ "Jalal al-Din Muhammad Akbar (Akbar the Great)". British Museum.
  5. ^ Monika Khanna (2011). Ashoka, the Great: The Great Reformist Emperor of India. Farsight Publishers & Distributors. ISBN 978-81-89297-75-6.
  6. ^ Savory, Roger M. "ʿAbbās I". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  7. ^ "Most Powerful Kings in the World". Banglorejobs.
  8. ^ Flora Shaw (23 December 2010). A Tropical Dependency: An Outline of the Ancient History of the Western Soudan with an Account of the Modern Settlement of Northern Nigeria. Cambridge University Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-108-02492-1.
  9. ^ "Barnim III Wielki". PWN.pl. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
  10. ^ H. V. Trivedi. The Yadavas And Their Times. pp. 25–26.
  11. ^ "Książę wołogoski i słupski Bogusław V Wielki (1317–1374)". Zamek Książąt Pomorskich w Szczecinie.
  12. ^ Patrick J. Geary (2010). Readings in Medieval History. University of Toronto Press. pp. 642–. ISBN 978-1-4426-0120-8.
  13. ^ Gerald W. Fry; Gayla S. Nieminen; Harold E. Smith (8 August 2013). Historical Dictionary of Thailand. Scarecrow Press. p. 401. ISBN 978-0-8108-7525-8.
  14. ^ Asiatic Society of Bengal (1840). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Soc. p. 533.
  15. ^ Bernard Lewis; Charles Pellat (1982). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill. p. 298. ISBN 9789004067127.
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  17. ^ Bracey, Robert (2017). "The Date of Kanishka since 1960 (Indian Historical Review, 2017, 44(1), 1-41)". Indian Historical Review. 44: 1–41.
  18. ^ Bury, J. B. (1958) [1889]. "Chapter X: the reign of Leo I". History of the Later Roman Empire. Vol. 1. New York: Dover Publications. pp. 323, note 1. ISBN 978-0-486-14338-5. After the coronation of the child the two Leos would be distinguished as Λέων ὁ Μέγας and Λέων ὁ Μικρός, and this I believe, must be the origin of the designation of Leo as "the Great"; just as reversely Theodosius II. was called "the Small," because in his infancy he had been known as ὁ μικρός βασιλεύς to distinguish him from Arcadius. Leo never did anything which could conceivably earn him the title of Great in the sense in which it was bestowed by posterity on Alexander or Constantine. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  19. ^ Nowé, 174.
  20. ^ Matijević-Sokol, Mirjana; Sokol, Vladimir (2010). "Quedam Helena regina..." Vjesnik (in Croatian). Zagreb: Archaeological Museum in Zagreb: 421.
  21. ^ Daryaee, Touraj (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford University Press. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-19-987575-7.
  22. ^ Sack, Ronald H. (2004). Images of Nebuchadnezzar: The Emergence of a Legend (2nd Revised and Expanded ed.). Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press. ISBN 1-57591-079-9., p. 41
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  74. ^ Wright, A short history of Syriac literature, p.250, n.4, referencing Bar Hebraeus, Chron. Eccles., vol. 1, 537.
  75. ^ Will Durant. The Age of Faith. New York, New York, USA: Simon and Schuster, 1972. Chapter 21: Christianity in Conflict, p. 517-51
  76. ^ White, Despina Stratoudaki (1981). "The Life of Patriarch Photios". Patriarch Photios of Constantinople, His Life, Scholarly Contributions, and Correspondence, Together with a Translation of Fifty-two of His Letters. Holy Cross Orthodox Press. ISBN 978-0-91658626-3. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  77. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "AARON BEN JACOB OF KARLIN". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  78. ^ Pirkei Avot 2:8; Avot of Rabbi Natan 6:3
  79. ^ Avot of Rabbi Natan 14:5
  80. ^ "HIYYA BAR ABBA - JewishEncyclopedia.com". jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  81. ^ "Ajax or Aias - Municipality of Salamina". www.salamina.gr. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  82. ^ Delamarre, Xavier. Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise, Editions Errance, Paris, 2003, pp. 70–72.
  83. ^ Gōsh, Mkhitʻar (2000). The Lawcode (Datastanagirk') of Mxit'ar Goš. Rodopi. p. 112. ISBN 9789042007901. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  84. ^ ""ตำนานพระเจ้าพรหม" วีรบุรุษของโยนกล้านนา" ["King Phrom Legend" hero of Singhanavati Lanna Kingdom]. Chiangmainews (in Thai). 8 January 2019. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  85. ^ Wang Quangen 王泉根, (1993). Huaxia Quming Yishu 華夏取名藝術. (Taipei: Zhishu-fang Chuban Jituan 知書房出版集團), 42.
  86. ^ Siam_Qi. Records_of_the_Grand_Historian. Translated by William H. Nienhauser as The Grand Scribe's Records: The Basic Annals of Antiquity. Indiana University Press, 1994.
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