The Paddock and the Mouse
The Paddock and the Mouse is a poem by the 15th-century Scottish poet Robert Henryson and part of his collection of moral fables known as the Morall Fabillis of Esope the Phrygian. It is written in Middle Scots. As with the other tales in the collection, appended to it is a moralitas which elaborates on the moral that the fable is supposed to contain.
The tale is an expansion of Aesop's Fable of The Frog and the Mouse and concerns a mouse that desires to cross a stream. A paddock[a] offers his assistance and, to prove his trustworthiness, discusses the difference between appearing and being virtuous. As the two cross the stream tied together, the paddock betrays and tries to drown the mouse. Their struggle is seen by a kite (bird), who grabs and kills them both.
Synopsis
Tale
A mouse is sat alongside a stream, lamenting being unable to cross it and reach the cereals and other foodstuffs on the opposite side. A paddock approaches and says that he will assist her in crossing; the mouse enquires as to how the creature is able to swim, and he explains how his anatomy allows him to. However, the mouse suspects, on the basis of physiognomy, that the paddock is untrustworthy; she highlights his features, and recites the proverb that a man's morals is shown in his face. To this the paddock replies with another proverb, do not judge a man by his looks, and gives several instances in which goodness in appearance is not replicated in spirit. Finally, the mouse acedes to the help, although is still concerned about a potential loss of liberty and life which will accompany being tied to the paddock as they cross the water; she makes the paddock swear an oath that he will assist her in crossing. The two tie themselves together with some string and proceed to swim. However, as they start across the stream the paddock swims downwards with the intention of drowning the mouse; the mouse decries the creature's deception, but struggles upwards to prevent herself from drowning. Seeing the struggle is a nearby kite. The bird flies down and grabs the two—as they are bound together—and carries them away, where he kills and disembowels them, though they do not satiate his appetite much.
Notes
- ^ Either a toad or a frog.[1] Robert L. Kindrick notes that "Apparently toads, frogs, and paddocks are sometimes treated indifferently in medieval literature";[2] he nevertheless notes it firstly as a frog, corresponding with rava in Gualterus Anglicus' version of Aesop's Fables, a source of Henryson's.[2] In his modern English text, Seamus Heaney simply translates as "toad".[3]
- ^ "paddok(e (n.)". Middle English Dictionary. University of Michigan. Retrieved 10 May 2013.
- ^ a b Kindrick, Robert L. "The Morall Fabillis". TEAMS Texts. University of Rochester.
- ^ Henryson 2009, p. 169ff.
References
Modern edition
- Henryson, Robert (2009). The Testament of Cresseid & seven fables. Trans. by Seamus Heaney. London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 9780571249282.