Theodore I, Marquis of Montferrat

Theodore I, Marquis of Montferrat
Marquis of Montferrat
Reign	1306–1338
Predecessor	John I Aleramici
Successor	John II Palaiologos
Born	c. 1290 Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey)
Died	(1338-04-24)24 April 1338 Trino, Italy
Noble family	Palaeologus-Montferrat
Spouse(s)	Argentina Spinola
Issue	John II, Marquis of Montferrat Yolande Palaeologina of Montferrat
Father	Andronikos II Palaiologos
Mother	Irene of Montferrat

Theodore I Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Θεόδωρος Παλαιολόγος, full name: Theodoros Komnenos Doukas Angelos Palaiologos) (c. 1290 – 24 April 1338) was Marquis of Montferrat from 1306 until his death.

Life

He was a son of Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos and Irene of Montferrat. When his uncle John I died in 1305, the male line of the Aleramici Marquises of Montferrat became extinct. The March of Montferrat was passed to Irene's children. Patriarch Athanasius I of Constantinople blocked the candidacy of the elder son John, so Theodore went to Italy instead.

Theodore sailed to Genoa in 1306. In 1307 he married Argentina Spinola, daughter of Genoese magnate Opicino Spinola, Capitano del Popolo (co-ruler) of the Republic of Genoa. Spinola used his wealth to back Theodore's claim to Montferrat.

Theodore was opposed by Manfred IV of Saluzzo. Manfred was a cadet of the House of Savoy, and several Marquises of Montferrat had Savoyard wives. King Charles II of Naples also claimed parts of the March. He gradually overcame these foes and secured the whole March. In 1310 he received the imperial investiture from Emperor Henry VII.

Theodore died in Trino Vercellese in 1338. He was succeeded by his son John II Palaiologos.

Marriage and issue

Theodore and Argentina had:

• John ΙΙ (1313–1372)
• Yolande (1318–1342), who married Aimone, Count of Savoy

Writings

Theodore is known to have authored an original military manual, titled Les Enseignemens ou Ordenances pour un Siegneur qui a Guerres et Grans Gouvernemens a Faire, often referred to as Les enseignements. Originally composed in Greek in 1326-1327 while Theodore was in Constantinople, it exists now only in the medieval French translation of Jean de Vignay. The work is one of the most interesting medieval military manuals in that it is not dependent on Vegetius' De Re Militari or any other known classical text. It thus serves as an example of the military thinking of the late Byzantine and Medieval worlds.

Ancestors

Ancestors of Theodore I Palaiologos, Marquis of Montferrat

16. Alexios Doukas Palaiologos 8. Andronikos Doukas Komnenos Palaiologos 17. Irene Komnene 4. Michael VIII Palaiologos 18. Alexios Palaiologos 9. Theodora Angelina Palaiologina 19. Irene Komnene Angelina 2. Andronikos II Palaiologos 20. Isaac Doukas Vatatzes 10. John Doukas 5. Theodora Palaiologina 22. John Komnenos Angelos 11. Eudokia Angelina 1. Theodore I Palaeologos 24. William VI, Marquis of Montferrat 12. Boniface II, Marquis of Montferrat 25. Berta of Clavesana 6. William VII, Marquis of Montferrat 26. Amadeus IV, Count of Savoy 13. Margaret of Savoy 27. Marguerite of Burgundy 3. Irene of Montferrat 28. Ferdinand III of Castile and León 14. Alfonso X of Castile and León 29. Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen 7. Beatrice of Castile 30. James I of Aragon 15. Violant of Aragon 31. Violant of Hungary

External links

The French translation of Les enseignements

• Les enseignements de Théodore Paléologue, Christine Knowles (ed.)

Sources

• Valsecchi, Chiara (2018). "Consilia and Dynastic Successions in Modern Europe". In Villata, Maria Gigliola di Renzo (ed.). Succession Law, Practice and Society in Europe across the Centuries. Springer. p. 417-472.