Three-peat

In sports (especially in North America), a three-peat is winning three consecutive championships or tournaments. The term, a portmanteau of the words three and repeat, originated with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association, during their unsuccessful campaign for a third consecutive championship during the 1988–89 season, having won the previous 2 NBA Finals. The Lakers, however, were swept by the Detroit Pistons in the 1989 NBA Finals. The term is a registered trademark owned by Pat Riley, the Lakers' head coach from 1981–1990, although it was coined by L.A. player Byron Scott immediately after their successful championship defense against the Pistons in the 1988 NBA Finals. The Lakers finally achieved a three-peat over a decade later, winning the NBA title in 2000, 2001, and 2002. It was their second in franchise history, and only the first since moving from Minneapolis. As of 2022, the Lakers are the last team of the 4 major American professional sports (NHL, MLB, NFL, & NBA) to accomplish the three-peat.

While originating in the United States, the three-peat has been replicated all over the world across different sports. In recent times, Spanish association football club Real Madrid notably became the first club of the modern era to win three consecutive UEFA Champions League titles (2015–16, 2016–17 and 2017–18).

Origin and trademark

In a comedic context, the same play on words, additionally incorporating the name "Pete", is known to have been used as early as 1930 on the radio program Empire Builders. The episode of that program broadcast on December 29, 1930, featured a trio of singers dubbed "The Three Visiting Firemen: Pete, Re-Pete, and Three-Pete".

The Oxford English Dictionary credits an Illinois high school senior, Sharif Ford, with the earliest published use of the word in the March 8, 1989 edition of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Ford's quote uses the term in a sporting context and serves to provide a clear etymology as well:

The Lincoln High Tigers say they want to "three-peat". "You know, kind of like repeat, except doing it for the third time", senior Sharif Ford said.

However, Riles & Co., the corporate entity of National Basketball Association (NBA) coach Pat Riley, submitted in November 1988 a trademark application for the use of three-peat on shirts, jackets and hats. At the time, the phrase was being used by members and fans of the Los Angeles Lakers basketball team, of whom Riley was the head coach, regarding the Lakers' quest that season to obtain what would have been a third successive NBA championship. According to Riley, it was Laker player Byron Scott who coined the term in reference to the team's goal for that season.

In 1989, Riles & Co. successfully registered the trademark under U.S. Registration Number 1552980. The Lakers did not win a third consecutive NBA championship in 1989, but the Chicago Bulls did in 1993, and Riles & Co. collected royalties from sports apparel makers who licensed the phrase for use on merchandise commemorating that accomplishment.

Riles & Co. subsequently obtained additional registrations expanding the trademark to cover many other kinds of merchandise in addition to apparel. The company then went on to reap additional profits by again licensing the phrase to merchandisers when the Bulls again won three consecutive NBA championships from 1996 through 1998, as well as when the New York Yankees won three straight World Series championships from 1998 through 2000 and when the Lakers won three straight NBA championships from 2000 through 2002.

The trademark registration for three-peat has been challenged over the years by those who argue that the term has become too generic in its usage for the trademark to continue to be applicable. However, such arguments have yet to succeed, with the registration continuing to be upheld by the United States Patent and Trademark Office as recently as 2001, in the case of Christopher Wade v. Riles & Co.

In 2005, a group of individuals attempted to trademark the phrase Three-Pete in anticipation of the (ultimately unsuccessful) attempt that year by the University of Southern California (U.S.C.) football team to win a third consecutive national championship. The change in spelling was a reference to the team's head coach, Pete Carroll. However, the Patent Office ruled that the change in spelling was not dissimilar enough from Riles & Co.'s three-peat, and denied the registration. Later that year, U.S.C. fan Kyle Bunch began selling his own "Three-Pete" T-shirts. He discontinued sales once he was notified that he was infringing upon the Riles & Co. trademark.

As of late 2007, the trademark "Three Peat" is still active for shirts, jackets, caps, etc., and for commemorative mugs, plates, etc., and also for posters, bumper sticker, etc. The similar "3 Peat" became a registered trademark of Riles & Co. for blankets and other bedding, as of June 2015. Some of the Riles & Co. trademarks are no longer in effect, e.g. keychains.

Occurrences of three-peats

There have been numerous instances of teams winning three or more consecutive championships in the National Basketball Association, National Hockey League, Major League Baseball, National Football League, and Australian Football League, most of which occurred prior to the advent of the term three-peat.

North America: professional sports

All-America Football Conference

• 1946–1949   Cleveland Browns  (4)   (also won 1950 NFL title)

Continental Basketball Association

• 1985–1987   Tampa Bay/Rapid City Thrillers

Formula Drift

• 2017–2019   James Deane

Major Indoor Soccer League

• 1979–1982   New York Arrows  (4)
• 1988–1992   San Diego Sockers  (5)

Major League Baseball (World Series)

• 1936–1939   New York Yankees  (4)
• 1949–1953   New York Yankees  (5)
• 1972–1974   Oakland Athletics
• 1998–2000   New York Yankees

National Basketball Association (NBA Finals)

• 1952–1954   Minneapolis Lakers
• 1959–1966   Boston Celtics (8)
• 1991–1993   Chicago Bulls
• 1996–1998   Chicago Bulls
• 2000–2002   Los Angeles Lakers

National Football League (NFL champions)

• 1929–1931   Green Bay Packers (no post-season, title game began in 1933)
• 1965–1967   Green Bay Packers NFL Champions 1965–1967 (Won 1966 & 1967 NFL-AFL Championship Games (Super Bowl I and II))

National Hockey League (Stanley Cup Finals)

• 1947–1949   Toronto Maple Leafs
• 1956–1960   Montreal Canadiens (5)
• 1962–1964   Toronto Maple Leafs
• 1976–1979   Montreal Canadiens  (4)
• 1980–1983   New York Islanders  (4)

Premier Hockey Federation (Isobel Cup Finals)

• 2020–2022   Boston Pride (2020 co-champions with Minnesota Whitecaps)

Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA Finals)

• 1997–2000   Houston Comets  (4)

North America: collegiate sports

NACDA Director's Cup (overall collegiate athletics)

• 1995–2013 Stanford (NCAA Division I)
• 1997–2001 Simon Fraser (NAIA)
• 1999–2011 Williams (NCAA Division III)
• 2000–2003 UC Davis (NCAA Division II)
• 2004–2011 Grand Valley State (NCAA Division II)
• 2005–2011 Azusa Pacific (NAIA)

NAIA National Football Championship

• 2002–2005 Carroll College Fighting Saints

NAIA National Basketball Championship

• 1957–1959 Tennessee State Tigers basketball

• 1970–1972 Kentucky State Thorobreds

NCAA Division I Baseball

• 1970–1974 USC

NCAA Division I Football

Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS)

• 1934–1936 Minnesota (Toledo Cup)
• 1944–1946 Army West Point

Football Championship Subdivision (FCS)

• 2005–2007 Appalachian State University
• 2011–2015 North Dakota State University  (5)
• 2017–2019 North Dakota State University

NCAA Division I Men's Basketball

• 1967–1973 UCLA  (7)

NCAA Division II Men's Basketball

• Northwest Missouri State University

NCAA Division I Men's Water Polo

• 2008–2013 USC

NCAA Division I Women's Basketball

• 1996–1998 Tennessee
• 2002–2004 Connecticut
• 2013–2016 Connecticut  (4)

NCAA Division I Men's Cross Country

• 1944–1946 Drake
• 1966–1968 Villanova
• 1978–1981 UTEP (4)
• 1990–1993 Arkansas (4)
• 1998–2000 Arkansas
• 2016–2018 Northern Arizona

NCAA Division II Women's Basketball

• 1993–1996 North Dakota State Bison  (4)
• 1997–1999 North Dakota Fighting Sioux

NCAA Division III Women's Basketball

• 1998–2001 Washington  (4)

NCAA Division I Women's Soccer

• 1982–1984 North Carolina
• 1986–1994 North Carolina  (9)

NCAA Division II Football Championship

• 1993–1995 North Alabama

NCAA Division III Football

• 1983–1986 Augustana College (Illinois)
• 1996–1998 Mount Union
• 2000–2002 Mount Union
• 2009–2011 Wisconsin–Whitewater Warhawks

U.S. National Collegiate Club Rugby championships

• 1980–1983 California
• 1991–2002 California
• 2004–2008 California
• 2012–2014 BYU

U.S. Collegiate Ultimate Frisbee Championships

• 1988–1990 UC Santa Barbara
• 1996–1998 UC Santa Barbara

United States: tabletop games

Warhammer 40k American Team Championships

• Team Happy 2015–2017

United States: marching arts

• The Cadets Drum and Bugle Corps won the Drum Corps International World Championship in 1983–1985.
• The Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps three-peated 2000-2002 (2001 was a tie with the Cadets).

Other countries

Argentina

First Division (association football)

• 1949–1951 Racing Club
• 1955–1957 River Plate
• Metro 1979–Metro 1980 River Plate
• Apertura 1996–Apertura 1997 River Plate

Australia

Victorian Football League/Australian Football League

• 1906–1908 Carlton
• 1927–1930 Collingwood (four-peat)
• 1939–1941 Melbourne
• 1955–1957 Melbourne
• 2001–2003 Brisbane Lions
• 2013–2015 Hawthorn

Australian Ice Hockey League

• 2010–2012 Melbourne Ice

New South Wales Rugby Football League/Australian Rugby League/National Rugby League

• 1911–1913 Eastern Suburbs
• 1915–1917 Balmain
• 1925–1929 South Sydney
• 1935–1937 Eastern Suburbs
• 1953–1955 South Sydney
• 1956–1966 (eleven-peat) St. George
• 1981–1983 Parramatta Eels

West Australian Football League

• 1908–1911 East Fremantle
• 1919–1923 East Perth
• 1928–1931 East Fremantle
• 1938–1940 Claremont
• 1952–1954 South Fremantle
• 1961–1963 Swan Districts
• 1966–1968 Perth
• 1982–1984 Swan Districts
• 2000–2002 East Perth
• 2006–2008 Subiaco

Cricket

• 2016–2019 Pymble Pigs (NCU NSW)
• 2016–2018 Sandgate-Redcliffe Gators (T20 QLD)

Belgium

Belgian Pro League

• 1900–1903 Racing de Bruxelles
• 1904–1907 R Union Saint-Gilloise
• 1924–1926 Beerschot
• 1933–1935 R Union Saint-Gilloise SR
• 1949–1951 RSC Anderlechtois
• 1954–1956 RSC Anderlechtois
• 1964–1968 RSC Anderlechtois
• 1969–1971 R Standard Liège
• 1976–1978 Club Brugge
• 1985–1987 Anderlecht
• 1993–1995 Anderlecht
• 2012–2014 Anderlecht
• 2020–2022 Club Brugge

Brazil

Brazilian Championship

• 2006–2008 São Paulo FC

Bulgaria

Bulgarian A PFG

• 1993–1995 Levski Sofia
• 2000–2002 Levski Sofia

Canada

Canadian Football League (Grey Cup):

• 1909–1911 Toronto Varsity Blues
• 1922–1924 Queen's University
• 1945–1947 Toronto Argonauts
• 1954–1956 Edmonton Eskimos
• 1978–1982 Edmonton Eskimos

Collegiate women's basketball

• 2011–2015 Windsor Lancers (five-peat)

Chile

First Division (Association football):

• 1933–1935 Magallanes
• 1989–1991 Colo-Colo
• Apertura 2006–Apertura 2007 Colo-Colo (four-peat)
• Apertura 2011–Apertura 2012 Universidad de Chile
• 2018–2021 Club Deportivo Universidad Católica (four-peat)

Costa Rica

Costa Rica, American Football 1st Division:

• 2010–2012 Santa Ana Bulldogs

Czech Republic

Czech National Basketball League:

• 2004–2022 ERA Nymburk (19-peat)

Denmark

Danish Superliga

• 2009–2011 Copenhagen

Finland

Veikkausliiga

• 1998–2000 Haka
• 2009–2014 HJK (six-peat)

France

Ligue 1

• 1902–1904 Roubaix
• 1967–1970 Saint-Étienne
• 1974–1976 Saint-Étienne
• 1989–1992 Marseille (four-peat)
• 2002–2008 Lyon (seven-peat)
• 2013–2016 Paris Saint-Germain (four-peat)
• 2017–2020 Paris Saint-Germain

Germany

Bundesliga

• 1972–1974 Bayern Munich
• 1975–1977 Borussia Mönchengladbach
• 1985–1987 Bayern Munich
• 1999–2001 Bayern Munich
• 2013–2022 Bayern Munich (ten-peat)

DDR-Oberliga

• 1976–1978 SG Dynamo Dresden
• 1979–1988 Berliner FC Dynamo

Italy

Italian Football Championship

• 1898–1900 Genoa
• 1902–1904 Genoa
• 1911–1913 Pro Vercelli

Serie A

• 1931–1935 Juventus (five-peat)
• 1943, 1946–1949 Torino (five-peat)
• 1992–1994 Milan
• 2006–2010 Internazionale (five-peat)
• 2012–2020 Juventus (nine-peat)

Japan

Nippon Professional Baseball

• 1951–1953 Yomiuri Giants
• 1956–1958 Nishitetsu Lions (changed to Seibu Lions)
• 1965–1973 Yomiuri Giants (nine-peat)
• 1975–1977 Hankyu Braves (changed to Orix Buffaloes)
• 1986–1988 Seibu Lions (changed to Saitama Seibu Lions)
• 1990–1992 Seibu Lions (changed to Saitama Seibu Lions)
• 2017–2020 Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks (four-peat)

J1 League

• 2007–2009 Kashima Antlers

Netherlands

Eredivisie

• 1897–1899 RAP Amsterdam
• 1900–1903 HVV (four-peat)
• 1911–1913 Sparta
• 1966–1968 Ajax
• 1986–1989 PSV (four-peat)
• 1994–1996 Ajax
• 2005–2008 PSV (four-peat)
• 2011–2014 Ajax (four-peat)

Norway

Tippeligaen

• 1972–1975 Viking (four-peat)
• 1992–2004 Rosenborg (thirteen-peat)

Portugal

Primeira Liga

• 1936–1938 Benfica
• 1947–1949 Sporting CP
• 1951–1954 Sporting CP (four-peat)
• 1963–1965 Benfica
• 1967–1969 Benfica
• 1971–1973 Benfica
• 1975–1977 Benfica
• 1995–1999 Porto (five-peat)
• 2006–2009 Porto (four-peat)
• 2011–2013 Porto
• 2014–2017 Benfica (four-peat)

Puerto Rico

Baseball

• 1941/42–1944/45 Ponce (4)
• 1996/97–1998/99 Indios de Mayaguez (3)

Spain

La Liga

• 1961–1965 Real Madrid (5)
• 1967–1969 Real Madrid
• 1978–1980 Real Madrid
• 1986–1990 Real Madrid (5)
• 1991–1994 Barcelona (4)
• 2009–2011 Barcelona

Liga ASOBAL

• 1956–1961 BM Granollers (6)
• 1962–1965 Atlético Madrid BM (4)
• 1966–1968 BM Granollers
• 1970–1972 BM Granollers
• 1975–1978 CB Alicante (4)
• 1983–1985 Atlético Madrid BM
• 1988–1992 FC Barcelona Handbol (5)
• 1995–2000 FC Barcelona Handbol (5)
• 2007–2010 BM Ciudad Real (4)
• 2011–2022 FC Barcelona Handbol (12)

South Korea

K League 1

• 1993–1995 Ilhwa Chunma (changed to Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma)
• 2001–2003 Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma (changed to Seongnam FC)
• 2017–2021 Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors (five-peat)

KBO League

• 1986–1989 Haitai Tigers (changed to Kia Tigers) (four-peat)
• 2011–2014 Samsung Lions (four-peat)

V-League

• 2008–2014 Daejeon Samsung Fire Bluefangs (seven-peat)

Sweden

Allsvenskan

• 1945–1948 IFK Norrköping
• 1949–1951 Malmö FF
• 1985–1989 Malmö FF
• 1993–1996 IFK Göteborg

Turkey

Süper Lig

• 1971–1973 Galatasaray
• 1979–1981 Trabzonspor
• 1990–1992 Beşiktaş
• 1997–2000 Galatasaray (four-peat)

United Kingdom

Super League Super League Grand Final

• 2007–2009 Leeds Rhinos

English rugby union

• 1991–1994 Bath
• 1999–2001 Leicester Tigers
• 2003–2005 London Wasps

English football first tier

The Football League prior to the start of 1992–93 season, when it was replaced by the Premier League

• 1924–1926 Huddersfield Town
• 1933–1935 Arsenal
• 1982–1984 Liverpool
• 1999–2001 Manchester United
• 2007–2009 Manchester United

Scottish Premier League

• 1965–1974 Celtic F.C (nine-peat)
• 1989–1997 Rangers F.C (nine-peat)
• 2012–2020 Celtic (nine-peat)

USSR

Soviet Top League

• 1946–1948 CSKA Moscow
• 1966–1968 Dynamo Kyiv

Yugoslavia

Yugoslav First League

• 1933, 1935–36 BSK Beograd
• 1961–1963 Partizan
• 1968–1970 Crvena Zvezda
• 1990–1992 Crvena Zvezda

International

Summer Olympics

Fencing

• 2012, 2016, 2021 Áron Szilágyi, individual men's sabre

Swimming

• 1956, 1960, 1964 Dawn Fraser, Women's 100 metres freestyle
• 1988, 1992, 1996 Krisztina Egerszegi, Women's 200 metres backstroke
• 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016 Michael Phelps, Men's 200-metre individual medley (four-peat)
• 2012, 2016, 2021 Katie Ledecky, Women's 800 metres freestyle

World Chess Championships

Unofficial Championships (before 1886)

• 1866–1876 Wilhelm Steinitz (three-peat)

Pre-FIDE World Championships (1886–1946)

• 1886–1892 / Wilhelm Steinitz (four-peat)
• 1894–1910 Emanuel Lasker (six-peat)
• 1927–1934 Alexander Alekhine (three-peat)
• 1948–1954 Mikhail Botvinnik (three-peat)
• 1975–1981 Anatoly Karpov (three-peat)
• 1985–1995 / Garry Kasparov (six-peat)
• 1993–1998 Anatoly Karpov (three-peat)

FIDE World Championships (2006–present)

• 2007–2012 Viswanathan Anand (four-peat)
• 2013–2021 Magnus Carlsen (five-peat)

Association Football

UEFA Champions League

• 1956–1960 Real Madrid (five-peat)
• 1971–1973 Ajax
• 1974–1976 Bayern Munich
• 2016–2018 Real Madrid

UEFA Europa League

• 2014–2016 Sevilla

CONCACAF Champions League

• 2011–2013 Monterrey

South American football Copa Libertadores

• 1968–1970 Estudiantes de La Plata
• 1972–1975 Independiente (four-peat)

CONMEBOL's Copa América

Named "South American Championships" after 1967, prior to resufacing in 1975 under the "Copa América" brand.

• 1945–1947 Argentina

Champ Car World Series auto racing

• 2004–2007 Sébastien Bourdais

CONCACAF U.S. Open Cup

• 1965–1967 Greek American Atlas
• 2009–2011 Seattle Sounders FC

International rules football

• 1990–1999 (1990, 1998, 1999; note: international rules football games are held sporadically, hence the eight-year gap) Ireland

Cricket

Indian cricket's Ranji Trophy

• 1958–1972 Bombay
• 1974–1976 Bombay

Cricket World Cup

• 1999–2007 Australia (World Cup every 4 years)

Formula One

Formula One Champion

• 1954–1957 Juan Manuel Fangio (four-peat)
• 2000–2004 Michael Schumacher (five-peat)
• 2010–2013 Sebastian Vettel (four-peat)
• 2017–2020 Lewis Hamilton (four-peat)

Winter X Games

Winter X Games SuperPipe

• 2008–2013 Shaun White

Tennis

Davis Cup

• 1903–1906 British Isles
• 1907–1911 Australasia
• 1920–1926 United States
• 1927–1932 France
• 1933–1936 Great Britain
• 1946–1949 United States
• 1950–1953 Australia
• 1955–1957 Australia
• 1959–1962 Australia
• 1964–1967 Australia
• 1968–1972 United States

Fed Cup

• 1976–1982 United States
• 1983–1985 Czechoslovakia
• 1993–1995 Spain

Australian Open

Australasian Championships until 1926, Australian Championships until 1968.

Men's singles

• 1931–1933 Jack Crawford
• 1963–1967 Roy Emerson
• 2011–2013 Novak Djokovic
• 2019–2021 Novak Djokovic

Women's singles

• 1928–1930 Daphne Akhurst Cozens
• 1946–1948 Nancye Wynne Bolton
• 1960–1966 Margaret Court (six-peat)
• 1969–1971 Margaret Court
• 1974–1976 Evonne Goolagong Cawley
• 1988–1990 Steffi Graf
• 1991–1993 Monica Seles
• 1997–1999 Martina Hingis

Men's doubles

• 1936–1940 Adrian Quist (five-peat; his partners were Don Turnbull in 1936–37 tournaments, and John Bromwich until 1940)
• 1938–1940 John Bromwich (his partner was Adrian Quist, see above)
• 1946–1950 John Bromwich and Adrian Quist (five-peat)
• 1959–1961 Rod Laver and Bob Mark
• 2009–2011 Mike Bryan and Bob Bryan

Women's doubles

• 1923–1925 Sylvia Lance Harper (her partners were Esna Boyd Robertson in the 1923 tournament, and Daphne Akhurst Cozens in 1924–25)
• 1936–1940 Thelma Coyne Long and Nancye Wynne Bolton
• 1947–1949 Thelma Coyne Long and Nancye Wynne Bolton
• 1954–1956 Mary Bevis Hawton (her partners were Beryl Penrose in 1954–55, and Thelma Coyne Long in the 1956 tournament)
• 1961–1963 Margaret Court (her partners were Mary Carter Reitano in the 1961 tournament, and Robyn Ebbern in 1962–63)
• 1969–1971 Margaret Court (her partners were Judy Tegart Dalton in 1969–70, and Evonne Goolagong Cawley in the 1971 tournament)
• 1974–1976 Evonne Goolagong Cawley (her partners were Peggy Michel in 1974–75, and Helen Gourlay in the 1976 tournament)
• 1976–12/1977 Helen Gourlay (her partners were Evonne Goolagong Cawley in 1976 and December 1977 (see above), and Dianne Fromholtz Balestrat in January 1977)
• 1982–1989 Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver (seven-peat)
• 1997–1999 Martina Hingis (her partners were Natasha Zvereva in the 1997 tournament, Mirjana Lučić in 1998, and Anna Kournikova in 1999)

French Open

French Championships until 1967, French club members only event until 1924. In this list, the Tournoi de France (held during Vichy France era) is not included.

Men's singles

• 1894–1896 André Vacherot
• 1897–1900 Paul Aymé
• 1907–1909 Max Decugis
• 1912–1914 Max Decugis
• 1978–1981 Björn Borg (four-peat)
• 2005–2008 Rafael Nadal (four-peat)
• 2010–2014 Rafael Nadal (five-peat)
• 2017–2020 Rafael Nadal (four-peat)

Women's singles

• 1897–1899 Adine Masson
• 1904–1906 Kate Gillou
• 1909–1912 Jeanne Matthey
• 1920–1923 Suzanne Lenglen
• 1928–1930 Helen Wills
• 1935–1937 Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling
• 1990–1992 Monica Seles
• 2005–2007 Justine Henin

Men's doubles

• 1961–1965 Roy Emerson (six-peat: his partners were Neal Fraser in 1960 and 1962, Rod Laver in the 1961 tournament, Manuel Santana in 1963, Ken Fletcher in 1964, and Fred Stolle in 1965)

Women's doubles

• 1909–1912 Jeanne Matthey and Daisy Speranza
• 1920–1923 Suzanne Lenglen (four-peat: her partners were Elisabeth d'Aryen in the 1920 tournament, Geramine Pigueron in 1921–22, and Didi Vasto in 1923)
• 1932–1934 Elizabeth Ryan (her partners were Helen Wills in the 1932 tournament, and Simonne Mathieu in 1933–34)
• 1936–1939 Simonne Mathieu (four-peat: her partners were Billie Yorke in 1936–38, and Jadwiga Jędrzejowska in the 1939 tournament)
• 1936–1938 Billie Yorke (her partner was Simonne Mathieu, see above)
• 1950–1953 Doris Hart and Shirley Fry Irvin
• 1961–1963 Renée Schuurman (her partners were Sandra Reynolds in 1961–62, and Ann Jones in the 1963 tournament)
• 1964–1966 Margaret Court (her partners were Lesley Turner Bowrey in 1964–65, and Judy Tegart in the 1966 tournament)
• 1967–1971 Françoise Dürr (five-peat: her partners were Gail Chanfreau in 1967 and 1970–71, and Ann Jones in 1967–68)
• 1984–1988 Martina Navratilova (five-peat: her partners were Pam Shriver in 1984–85 and 1987–88, and Andrea Temesvári in the 1986 tournament)
• 1991–1995 Gigi Fernández (five-peat: her partners were Jana Novotná in the 1991 tournament, and Natasha Zvereva in 1992–95)
• 1992–1995 Natasha Zvereva (four-peat: her partner was Gigi Fernández, see above)

Wimbledon

Gentlemen's singles

• 1881–1886 William Renshaw
• 1897–1900 Reginald Doherty
• 1902–1906 Laurence Doherty
• 1910–1913 Anthony Wilding
• 1934–1936 Fred Perry
• 1976–1980 Björn Borg (five-peat)
• 1993–1995 Pete Sampras
• 1997–2000 Pete Sampras (four-peat)
• 2003–2007 Roger Federer (five-peat)
• 2018–2021 Novak Djokovic (2020 Wimbledon was cancelled due to COVID-19)

Ladies' singles

• 1891–1893 Lottie Dod
• 1919–1923 Suzanne Lenglen
• 1927–1930 Helen Wills
• 1948–1950 Louise Brough
• 1952–1954 Maureen Connolly
• 1966–1968 Billie Jean King
• 1982–1987 Martina Navratilova (six-peat)
• 1991–1993 Steffi Graf

Gentlemen's doubles

• 1884–1886 William Renshaw and Ernest Renshaw
• 1894–1896 Wilfred Baddeley and Herbert Baddeley
• 1897–1901 Laurence Doherty and Reginald Doherty
• 1903–1905 Laurence Doherty and Reginald Doherty
• 1921–22 Randolph Lycett (his partners were Max Woosnam in the 1921 tournament, James Anderson in 1922, and Leslie Godfree)
• 1929–1931 John Van Ryn (his partners were Wilmer Allison in 1929–30, and George Lott in the 1931 tournament)
• 1968–1970 John Newcombe and Tony Roche
• 1993–1997 Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde
• 2002–2004 Todd Woodbridge and Jonas Björkman

Ladies' doubles

• 1919–1923 Suzanne Lenglen and Elizabeth Ryan (five-peat)
• 1925–1927 Elizabeth Ryan (her partners were Suzanne Lenglen in the 1925 tournament, Mary Browne in 1926, and Helen Wills in 1927)
• 1948–1950 Louise Brough and Margaret Osborne duPont
• 1951–1953 Shirley Fry Irvin and Doris Hart
• 1956–1958 Althea Gibson (her partners were Angela Buxton in the 1956 tournament, Darlene Hard in 1957, and Maria Bueno in 1958)
• 1970–1973 Billie Jean King (four-peat: her partners were Rosemary Casals in 1970–71 and 1973, and Betty Stöve in the 1972 tournament)
• 1981–1984 Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver (four-peat)
• 1991–1994 Natasha Zvereva (four-peat: her partners were Larisa Neiland in the 1991 tournament, and Gigi Fernández in 1992–94)
• 1992–1994 Gigi Fernández (her partner was Natasha Zvereva, see above)

US Open

US National Championship until 1967.

Men's singles

• 1881–1887 Richard Sears
• 1890–1892 Oliver Campbell
• 1898–1900 Malcolm Whitman
• 1907–1911 William Larned
• 1920–1925 Bill Tilden
• 1979–1981 John McEnroe
• 1985–1987 Ivan Lendl
• 2004–2008 Roger Federer (five-peat)

Women's singles

• 1909–1911 Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman
• 1912–1914 Mary Browne
• 1915–1918 Molla Mallory
• 1920–1922 Molla Mallory
• 1923–1925 Helen Wills
• 1927–1929 Helen Wills
• 1932–1935 Helen Jacobs
• 1938–1940 Alice Marble
• 1943–1944 Pauline Betz
• 1948–1950 Margaret Osborne duPont
• 1951–1953 Maureen Connolly
• 1975–1978 Chris Evert (four-peat)
• 2012–2014 Serena Williams

Men's doubles

• 1882–1887 Richard Sears (six-peat: his partners were James Dwight in 1882–84 and 1886–87, and Joseph Clark in the 1885 tournament)
• 1882–1884 James Dwight (his partner was Richard Sears, see above)
• 1899–1901 Holcombe Ward and Dwight F. Davis
• 1904–1906 Holcombe Ward and Beals Wright
• 1907–1910 Fred Alexander and Harold Hackett (four-peat)
• 1912–1914 Maurice McLoughlin and Tom Bundy
• 1921–1923 Bill Tilden (his partners were Vincent Richards in 1921–22, and Brian Norton in the 1923 tournament)
• 1928–1930 George Lott (his partners were John F. Hennessey in the 1928 tournament, and John Doeg in 1929–30)

Women's doubles

• 1894–1898 Juliette Atkinson (five-peat: her partners were Helen Hellwig in 1894–95, Elisabeth Moore in the 1896 tournament, and Kathleen Atkinson in 1897-98)
• 1909–1911 Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman (her partners were Edith Rotch in 1909–10, and Eleonora Sears in the 1911 tournament)
• 1912–1914 Mary K. Browne (her partners were Dorothy Green in the 1912 tournament, and Louise Riddell Williams in 1913–14)
• 1915–1917 Eleonora Sears (her partners were Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman in the 1915 tournament, and Molla Mallory in 1916–17)
• 1918–1920 Marion Jessup and Eleanor Goss
• 1937–1941 Sarah Palfrey Cooke (five-peat: her partners were Alice Marble in 1937–40, and Margaret Osborne duPont in the 1941 tournament)
• 1937–1940 Alice Marble (four-peat: her partner was Sarah Palfrey Cooke, see above)
• 1941–1950 Margaret Osborne duPont (ten-peat: her partners were Sarah Palfrey Cooke in the 1941 tournament (see above), and Louise Brough in 1942–50)
• 1942–1950 Louise Brough (nine-peat: her partner was Margaret Osborne duPont, see above)
• 1951–1954 Shirley Fry Irvin and Doris Hart
• 1955–1957 Louise Brough and Margaret Osborne duPont
• 1958–1962 Darlene Hard (five-peat: her partners were Jeanne Arth in 1958–59, Maria Bueno in 1960 and 1962, and Lesley Turner Bowrey in the 1961 tournament)
• 2002–2004 Virginia Ruano Pascual and Paola Suárez

ATP World Tour Finals

Singles

• 1971–1973 Ilie Năstase
• 1985–1987 Ivan Lendl
• 2012–2015 Novak Djokovic (four-peat)

Doubles

• 1978–1984 Peter Fleming and John McEnroe (seven-peat)

WTA Finals

Singles

• 1983–1986 Martina Navratilova (four-peat)
• 1990–1992 Monica Seles
• 2012–2014 Serena Williams

Indian Wells Masters

Men's singles

• 2004–2006 Roger Federer
• 2014–2016 Novak Djokovic

Men's doubles

• 1986–1988 Guy Forget (his partners were Peter Fleming in the 1986 tournament, Yannick Noah in 1987, and Boris Becker in 1988)
• 1988–1990 Boris Becker (his partners were Guy Forget in 1988 and 1990, and Jakob Hlasek in the 1989 tournament)

Miami Open

Men's singles

• 2001–2003 Andre Agassi
• 2014–2016 Novak Djokovic

Women's singles

• 1994–1996 Steffi Graf
• 2002–2004 Serena Williams
• 2013–2015 Serena Williams

Men's doubles

• 1996–1998 Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde
• 2010–2012 Leander Paes (his partners were Lukáš Dlouhý in the 2010 tournament, Mahesh Bhupathi in 2011, and Radek Štěpánek in 2012)

Women's doubles

• 1995–1997 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario (her partners were Jana Novotná in 1995 and 1996, and Natasha Zvereva in the 1997 tournament)

Monte Carlo Masters

Men's singles

• 2005–2012 Rafael Nadal (eight-peat)
• 2016–2018 Rafael Nadal

Italian Open

Men's singles

• 2005–2007 Rafael Nadal

Paris Masters

Men's singles

• 2013–2015 Novak Djokovic

Barcelona Open

Men's singles

• 2005–2009 Rafael Nadal (five-peat)
• 2011–2013 Rafael Nadal
• 2016–2018 Rafael Nadal

Golf

US Open

• 1903–1905 Willie Anderson

The Open Championship

• 1868–1872 Young Tom Morris (four-peat)
• 1877–1879 Jamie Anderson
• 1880–1882 Bob Ferguson
• 1954–1956 Peter Thomson

PGA Championship

• 1924–1927 Walter Hagen

Basketball

Argentina

Liga Nacional de Básquet

• 2010–2012 Club Atlético Peñarol (Mar del Plata)
• 2015–2018 San Lorenzo de Almagro (basketball) (four-peat)

France

LNB Pro A

• 1983–1985 Limoges CSP
• 1988–1990 Limoges CSP
• 2019–2022 LDLC Asvel

Germany

Basketball Bundesliga

• 1970–1972 TuS 04 Leverkusen
• 1990–1996 TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen
• 1997–2003 ALBA Berlin (seven-peat)
• 2010–2013 Brose Baskets (four-peat, also won the German Cup in 2010, 2011 and 2012)
• 2020–2022 ALBA Berlin

Israel

Israeli Basketball Premier League

• 1957–1959 Maccabi Tel Aviv
• 1962–1964 Maccabi Tel Aviv
• 1970–1992 Maccabi Tel Aviv (twenty three-peat)
• 1994–2007 Maccabi Tel Aviv (fourteen-peat)
• 2018–2021 Maccabi Tel Aviv (four-peat)

Italy

Lega Basket Serie A

• 1946–1949 Virtus Bologna (four-peat)
• 1950–1954 Olimpia Milano (five-peat)
• 1957–1960 Olimpia Milano (four-peat)
• 1965–1967 Olimpia Milano
• 1969–1971 Varese
• 1985–1987 Olimpia Milano
• 2007–2011 Mens Sana Siena

Philippines

PBA

• 1976–1977 Crispa Redmanizers (six straight championships: 1975 All-Philippine Championship, 1976 Grand Slam, 1977 All-Filipino Conference and 1977 Open Conference)
• 1983–1984 Crispa Redmanizers (four straight championships: 1983 Grand Slam, 1984 First All-Filipino Conference)
• 1984–1985 Great Taste Coffee Makers (four straight championships: 1984 Second All-Filipino Conference, 1984 Invitational Championship, 1985 Open Conference, 1985 All-Filipino Conference)
• 1988–1989 San Miguel Beermen (four straight championships: 1988 PBA Reinforced Conference, 1989 Grand Slam)
• 1995–1996 Alaska Milkmen (four straight championship: 1995 Governors' Cup and 1996 Grand Slam)
• 1997–1998 Alaska Milkmen (three straight championships: 1997 Governors' Cup, 1998 All-Filipino Cup and 1998 PBA Commissioner's Cup)
• 2000–2001 San Miguel Beermen (three straight championships: 2000 Commissioner's Cup, 2000 Governors' Cup, 2001 All-Filipino Cup)
• 2013–2014 San Mig Super Coffee Mixers (four straight championships: 2013 Governors' Cup, 2013–14 Grand Slam)

Puerto Rico

BSN basketball

• 1941–1943 Atléticos de San Germán
• 1947–1950 Atléticos de San Germán (4-peat)
• 1955–1957 Cardenales de Rio Piedras
• 1964–1966 Leones de Ponce
• 1971–1975 Vaqueros de Bayamon (5-peat)
• 1977–1979 Piratas de Quebradillas
• 1998–2001 Cangrejeros de Santurce (4-peat)

Spain

Liga ACB

• 1960–1966 Real Madrid Baloncesto (7-peat)
• 1968–1977 Real Madrid Baloncesto (10-peat)
• 1984–1986 Real Madrid Baloncesto
• 1987–1990 Barcelona (4-peat)
• 1995–1997 Barcelona

Switzerland

Swiss Basketball League

• 1997–1999 Fribourg
• 2000–2002 Lugano Tigers
• 2010–2012 Lugano Tigers
• 2018–2022 Fribourg (4-peat)

Turkey

Basketball Super League

• 1970–1973 İTÜ BK
• 1976–1978 Eczacıbaşı
• 1980–1982 Eczacıbaşı
• 1992–1994 Efes Pilsen
• 2001–2004 Efes Pilsen (four-peat)
• 2016–2018 Fenerbahçe

Vietnam

VBA

• 2019–2022 Saigon Heat (three-peat: 2019, 2020, 2022)

The National Football League

In the National Football League (NFL), a Super Bowl championship three-peat has not been accomplished. Two-time defending Super Bowl champions who failed to three-peat include the Green Bay Packers (1968), Miami Dolphins (1974), Pittsburgh Steelers (twice: 1976, 1980), San Francisco 49ers (1990), Dallas Cowboys (1994), Denver Broncos (1999), and New England Patriots (2005). All of these teams failed to return to the title game in the third season (indicated in parentheses).

The Buffalo Bills went to 4 consecutive Super Bowls as the AFC champions from 1990–1993, which is a feat unmatched in NFL history; however, they lost in every appearance.

The New England Patriots are the most recent team to play in three consecutive Super Bowls (from 2016–2018), winning Super Bowl LI (2016) and Super Bowl LIII (2018), but losing Super Bowl LII (2017)

In the early years of the NFL, decades before the introduction of either the term three-peat or the Super Bowl, the Packers won three consecutive NFL titles from 1929–31. This was achieved without playing any postseason playoff games, as the league title was determined at that time from the season standings. In addition, the Packers won the NFL championship in 1965, at a time when the rival NFL and AFL played separate exclusive championships. They then followed that 1965 championship with their first two Super Bowl victories in 1966 and 1967 (their Super Bowl berths were earned by winning both the 1966 NFL Championship Game and 1967 NFL Championship Game), thereby winning championships three years in a row.

Related terms

There have been efforts to come up with a similarly clever name for the potential fourth consecutive championship in the year following a three-peat. But attempts such as quat-row have thus far failed to catch on, and most fans simply use the term four-peat. Since the term three-peat came into usage, however, only one team in major American sports has been able to achieve it – Hendrick Racing/Jimmie Johnson NASCAR team, who won 5 championships in a row.

The wordplay of three-peat is clearer if repeat is stressed on the first syllable; this pronunciation is uncommon outside North America. Other English-speaking people may instead talk of a hat trick of championships, or simply a three-in-a-row.

There are also terms for winning three trophies in the same season:

• Triple Crown – various sports
• Treble (association football)
• Grand slam – Philippine Basketball Association