The Kingdom of Tondo, also referred to as Tundo, Tundun, Tundok and Lusung, was a fortified kingdom which was located in the Manila Bay area, specifically north of the Pasig River, on Luzon island. It is one of the settlements mentioned by the Philippines' earliest historical record, the Laguna Copperplate Inscription. Originally an Indianized kingdom in the 10th century, Tondo built upon and capitalized on being central to the long-existing ancient regional trading routes throughout the archipelago to include among others, initiating diplomatic and commercial ties with China during the Ming Dynasty. Thus it became an established force in trade throughout Southeast Asia and East Asia. (See Luções). Tondo's regional prominence further culminated during the period of its associated trade and alliance with Brunei's Sultan Bolkiah, when around 1500 its peak age as a thalassocratic force in the northern archipelago was realized. When the Spanish first arrived in Tondo in 1570 and defeated the local rulers in the Manila Bay area in 1591, Tondo came under the administration of Manila (a Spanish fort built on the remains of Kota Seludong), ending its existence as an independent state. This subjugated Tondo continues to exist today as a district of the city of Manila.
Kingdom of Butuan - The Kingdom of Butuan(Tagalog: Kahariang Butuan) (蒲端國 in Chinese records) was an ancient Indianized kingdom in pre-colonial southern Philippines centered on the present Mindanao island city of Butuan. It was known for its mining of gold, its gold products and its extensive trade network across the Nusantara area. The kingdom had trading relationships with the ancient civilizations of Japan, China, India, Indonesia, Persia, Cambodia and areas now comprised in Thailand The balangay (large outrigger boats) that have been found along the east and west banks of the Libertad river(old Agusan River) have revealed much about Butuan's history. As a result Butuan is considered to have been a major trading port in the Caraga region during the pre-colonial era.
Kingdom of Namayan - The ancient Kingdom of Namayan (also called the Kingdom of Sapa, Maysapan or Nasapan,[1] and sometimes Lamayan - both references to its capital) was one of three major kingdoms that dominated the banks of the Pasig River and the coast of Laguna de Bay in the Philippines prior to the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Namayan is said to be the oldest of the three kingdoms, predating the kingdoms of Tondo and Maynila. Formed by a confederation of barangays, it is said to have achieved its peak in 1175.
Arab people - Arab people, also known as Arabs (Arabic: عرب, ʿarab), are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing an important part of Arab identity. The word "Arab" has had several different, but overlapping, meanings over the centuries (and sometimes even today). In addition to including all Arabized people of the world (with language tending to be the acid test), it has also at times been used exclusively for bedouin (Arab nomads [although a related word, "`a-RAB," with the Arabic letter "alif" in the second syllable, once was sometimes used when this specific meaning was intended] and their now almost entirely settled descendants). It is sometimes used that way colloquially even today in some places. Townspeople once were sometimes called "sons of the Arabs." As in the case of other ethnicities or nations, people identify themselves (or are identified by others) as "Arabs" to varying degrees. This may not be one's primary identity (it tends to compete with country, religion, sect, etc.), and whether it is emphasized may depend upon one's audience. If the diverse Arab pan-ethnicity is regarded as a single ethnic group, then it constitutes one of the world's largest after Han Chinese. Islam - Islam (/ˈɪslɑːm/; Arabic: الإسلام, al-ʾIslām IPA: [ælʔɪsˈlæːm] ( listen)) is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion articulated by the Qur'an, a book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God (Arabic: الله Allāh) and by the teachings and normative example (called the Sunnah and composed of Hadith) of Muhammad, considered by them to be the last prophet of God. An adherent of Islam is called a Muslim. Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable and the purpose of existence is to love and serve God. Muslims also believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed at many times and places before, including through Abraham, Moses and Jesus, whom they consider prophets. They maintain that the previous messages and revelations have been partially misinterpreted or altered over time, but consider the Arabic Qur'an to be both the unaltered and the final revelation of God. Religious concepts and practices include the five pillars of Islam, which are basic concepts and obligatory acts of worship, and following Islamic law, which touches on virtually every aspect of life and society, providing guidance on multifarious topics from banking and welfare, to warfare and the environment. Most Muslims are of two denominations, Sunni (75–90%),or Shia (10–20%).About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim-majority country, 25% in South Asia,20% in the Middle East,[10] and 15% in Sub-saharan Africa.[11] Sizable minorities are also found in Europe,China, Russia, and the Americas. Converts and immigrant communities are found in almost every part of the world (see Islam by country). With about 1.57 billion followers or 23% of earth's population,Islam is the second-largest religion and one of the fastest-growing religions in the world. Sulu - Sulu (Tausūg: سوگ, Sūg), (Chavacano:Provincia de Sūlū), (Filipino: Lalawigan ng Sulu) is an autonomous island province of the Philippines located in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). Its capital is Jolo and occupies the middle group of islands of the Sulu Archipelago, between Basilan and Tawi-Tawi.
Sheikh Karim-ul Makhdum was a 14th-century Arab trader who brought Islam to the Philippines, in 1380. He established a mosque in Sulu, known as the Sheikh Karim-ul Makhdum Mosque which is the oldest mosque in the country.
Baguinda Ali came to Sulu in 1390, was named Rajah by the people (thus known as Rajah Baguinda Ali, or simply Rajah Baguinda from then on) and he became the ruler of the Principality of Sulu.
| Year |
Date |
Event |
| 1805 |
|
Nueva Vizcaya Revolt (1805) |
| 1806 |
August 7 |
Mariano Fernández de Folgueras appointed Governor-General (1806–1810) |
| 1807 |
|
Ambaristo Revolt (1807) |
| 1808 |
May |
French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte installs his brother Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain. |
| 1809 |
January 22 |
King Joseph Bonaparte gives Filipinos Spanish Citizenship and grants the colony representation in the Spanish Cortes |
| 1810 |
March 4 |
Manuel Gonzalez de Aguilar appointed Governor-General (1806–1813) |
| 1812 |
March 19 |
The Spanish Cortes promulgates the Cadiz Constitution |
| September 24 |
The first Philippine delegates to the Spanish Cortes, Pedro Perez de Tagle and Jose Manuel Coretto take their oath of office in Madrid, Spain. |
| 1813 |
September 4 |
José Gardoqui Jaraveitia appointed Governor-General (1806–1816) |
| March 17 |
The Cadiz Constitution implemented in Manila |
| October 16 |
Napoleon is defeated in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig |
| October |
British General Duke of Wellington drives the Napoleonic forces out of Spain |
| 1814 |
|
Ferdinand VII proclaimed as King of Spain; Conservatives return to the Spanish Cortes |
| 1815 |
June 18 |
Napoleon is defeated in Waterloo |
| October 15 |
Napoleon is exiled in St. Helena's Island |
| 1816 |
|
Cadiz Constitution is rejected by the conservative government and Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes is abolished |
| December 10 |
Mariano Fernández de Folgueras appointed Governor-General (1816–1822) |
| 1822 |
October 30 |
Juan Antonio Martínez appointed Governor-General (1822–1825) |
| 1825 |
October 14 |
Mariano Ricafort Palacín y Abarca appointed Governor-General (1825–1830) |
| 1828 |
|
Earthquake strikes Manila destroying many of its buildings |
| 1830 |
December 23 |
Pascual Enrile y Alcedo appointed Governor-General (1830–1835) |
|
Manila is opened to the world market |
| 1835 |
March 1 |
Gabriel de Torres appointed Governor-General (1835) |
| April 23 |
Joaquín de Crámer appointed Governor-General (1835) |
| September 9 |
Pedro Antonio Salazar Castillo y Varona appointed Governor-General (1835) |
|
Chamber of Commerce is formed |
| 1837 |
August 27 |
Andrés García Camba appointed Governor-General (1837–1838) |
|
Manila is made an open port. |
| 1838 |
December 29 |
Luis Lardizábal appointed Governor-General (1838–1841) |
|
Florante at Laura is published. |
| 1841 |
February 14 |
Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri appointed Governor-General (1841–1843) |
| November 4 |
Apolinario Dela Cruz better known as Hermano Pule was executed. |
| 1843 |
June 17 |
Francisco de Paula Alcalá de la Torre appointed Governor-General (1843–1844) |
| 1844 |
July 16 |
Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa appointed Governor-General (1844–1849) |
| 1849 |
December 26 |
Antonio María Blanco appointed Governor-General (1849–1850) |
| 1850 |
July 29 |
Antonio de Urbistondo y Eguía appointed Governor-General (1850–1853) |
| 1852 |
December 4 |
Glowing avalanche from Mt Hibok-Hibok. |
| 1853 |
December 20 |
Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1853–1854) |
| 1854 |
February 2 |
Manuel Pavía y Lacy appointed Governor-General (1854) |
| October 28 |
Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1854) |
| November 20 |
Manuel Crespo y Cebrían appointed Governor-General (1854) |
| 1856 |
December 5 |
Ramón Montero y Blandino appointed Governor-General (1856–1857) |
| 1857 |
January 12 |
Fernándo Norzagaray y Escudero appointed Governor-General (1857–1860) |
| 1859 |
|
Jesuits return to the Philippines |
|
Jesuits takes over the Escuela Municipal and establishes the Ateneo Municipal |
| 1860 |
January 12 |
Ramón María Solano y Llanderal appointed Governor-General (1860) |
| August 29 |
Juan Herrera Dávila appointed Governor-General (1860–1861) |
| 1861 |
February 2 |
José Lemery e Ibarrola Ney y González appointed Governor-General (1861–1862) |
| June 19 |
Jose Rizal, Philippines' National Hero is born. |
|
Escuela de Artes Y Oficios de Bacolor established as Asia's oldest vocational school. |
| 1862 |
July 7 |
Salvador Valdés appointed Governor-General (1862) |
| July 9 |
Rafaél de Echagüe y Bermingham appointed Governor-General (1862–1865) |
| 1863 |
June 3 |
An earthquake leaves Manila in ruins |
| November 30 |
Andres Bonifacio, founder of the Katipunan, was born. |
| 1864 |
July 23 |
Apolinario Mabini, the Brains of the Revolution, was born. |
| 1865 |
|
University of Santo Tomas made the center for public instruction throughout the Philippines by royal decree of Queen Isabella II of Spain.[16][17] |
|
Observatorio Meteorológico del Ateneo Municipal de Manila (Manila Observatory) established by the Jesuits |
| March 24 |
Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez appointed Governor-General (1862–1865) |
| April 25 |
Juan de Lara e Irigoyen appointed Governor-General (1862–1865) |
| 1866 |
July 13 |
José Laureano de Sanz y Posse appointed Governor-General (1866) |
| September 21 |
Juan Antonio Osorio appointed Governor-General (1866) |
| September 27 |
Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez appointed Governor-General (1866) |
| October 26 |
José de la Gándara y Navarro appointed Governor-General (1866–1869) |
| 1867 |
|
Colegio de Santa Isabel established in Naga by Bishop Francisco Gainza, OP of Nueva Caceres, through the royal decree of Queen Isabella II of Spain. |
| 1869 |
November 17 |
Suez Canal opened |
|
Colegio de Santa Isabel inaugurated as the first Normal School in Southeast Asia |
| June 7 |
Joaquín del Solar e Ibáñez appointed Governor-General (1866) |
| June 23 |
José de la Gándara y Navarro appointed Governor-General (1869–1871) |
| 1871 |
|
The Gabinete de Fisica of the University of Santo Tomas established as the first Museum in the Philippines.[16][17] |
|
The Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Santo Tomas is established as the first schools of Medicine and Pharmacy in the Philippines.[16][17] |
| April 4 |
Rafael de Izquierdo y Gutíerrez appointed Governor-General (1871–1873) |
| 1872 |
|
200 Filipino soldiers stage a mutiny in Cavite. |
| February 17 |
Priests Mariano Gomez, José Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora (together known as Gomburza) are implicated in the Cavite Mutiny and executed. |
| 1873 |
January 8 |
Manuel MacCrohon appointed Governor-General (1873) |
| January 24 |
Juan Alaminos y Vivar appointed Governor-General (1873–1874) |
| 1874 |
March 17 |
Manuel Blanco Valderrama acting appointed Governor-General (1874) |
| June 18 |
José Malcampo y Monje appointed Governor-General (1874–1877) |
| 1875 |
|
The Colegio de San Jose incorporated into the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Santo Tomas.[16][17][24][25] |
| 1877 |
February 28 |
Domingo Moriones y Murillo appointed Governor-General (1877–1880) |
| 1880 |
March 20 |
Rafael Rodríguez Arias appointed Governor-General (1880) |
| April 15 |
Fernando Primo de Rivera, 1st Marquis of Estella appointed Governor-General (1880–1883)(1st Term) |
|
Manila is connected through telegraphic cable Europe by Eastern Telecom. |
| July 18 |
Two shocks of an earthquake create destruction from Manila to Santa Cruz, Luguna. Tremors continue until Aug 6 |
| 1882 |
March 3 |
Jose Rizal leaves for Spain to continue his medical studies |
| June 2 |
Jose Rizal begins writing the Noli Me Tangere(novel) |
| 1883 |
March 10 |
Emilio Molíns becomes acting Governor-General (1883). (First Term) |
| April 7 |
Joaquín Jovellar appointed Governor-General (1883–1885) |
| 1884 |
|
Required forced labor of 40 days a year is reduced to 15 days by the Spanish Colonial Government. |
| June 21 |
Rizal finishes his medical studies in Spain |
| 1885 |
April 1 |
Emilio Molíns becomes acting Governor-General (1885). (First Term) |
| April 4 |
Emilio Terrero y Perinat appointed Governor-General (1885–1888) |
| 1887 |
29 May |
Noli Me Tangere published. |
| October |
Rizal starts writing the El Filibusterismo |
|
The Manila School of Agriculture is established. |
| 1888 |
March 10 |
Antonio Molto becomes acting Governor-General (1888) |
|
Federico Lobaton became acting Governor-General (1888) |
|
Valeriano Wéyler appointed Governor-General (1888–1891) |
| December 10 |
La Solidaridad established |
| 1891 |
March 28 |
Rizal finishes writing El Filibusterismo in Biarritz, France |
|
El Filibusterismo published in Ghent, Belgium |
|
Eulogio Despujol appointed Governor-General (1891–1893) |
| 1892 |
June 26 |
Rizal arrives in the Philippines from Europe via Hong Kong |
| July 3 |
Rizal forms the La Liga Filipina |
| July 7 |
Rizal is arrested for establishing the La Liga Filipina |
| July 7 |
Andres Bonifacio secretly established the Katipunan. |
| July 17 |
Rizal is exiled to Dapitan |
| September 23 |
Filipino painter Juan Luna shot dead his wife Paz Pardo De Tavera. |
| 1893 |
March 10 |
Federico Ochando becomes acting Governor-General (1893) |
|
Ramón Blanco appointed Governor-General (1893–1896) |
| 1894 |
July 8 |
Bonifacio forms the Katipunan |
| 1896 |
July 1 |
Rizal is recruited as a physician for the Spanish Army in Cuba by Governor Ramon Blanco |
| August 6 |
Rizal returns to Manila from Cuba |
| August 19 |
The Katipunan discovered by the Spanish Colonial Government. Katipuneros flee to Balintawak |
| August 23 |
Revolution is proclaimed by Bonifacio at the Cry of Balintawak. Katipuneros tear up their cedulas |
| August 26 |
Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto and other Katipuneros board Rizal's ship to Barcelona. They offer his rescue but Rizal refused |
| August 30 |
Revolutionary Battle at San Juan del Monte. Governor Ramon Blanco proclaims a state of war in Manila, Laguna, Cavite, Batangas, Pampanga, Bulacan, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija. |
| September 2 |
Rizal Boards the ship Isla de Panay for Barcelona |
| October 3 |
Rizal arrives at Barcelona |
| October 4 |
Rizal is imprisoned in Montjuich by order of Capt. Gen. Despujo |
| October 6 |
Rizal returns to Manila as a prisoner |
| October 31 |
A new group of the Katipunan is formed in Cavite headed by Emilio Aguinaldo |
| November 13 |
Rizal arrives in Manila and incarcerated in Fort Santiago |
| November 20 |
Rizal is interrogated for charges against the Spanish Colonial Government |
| December 13 |
Camilo Polavieja becomes acting Governor-General (1896–1897) |
| December 30 |
Rizal is executed at Bagumbayan |
| 1897 |
March 22 |
The Katipunan holds its election. Emilio Aguinaldo is elected as president |
| April 15 |
José de Lachambre becomes acting Governor-General (1897) |
| April 23 |
Fernando Primo de Rivera appointed Governor-General (1897–1898) |
| April 29 |
Katipuneros arrest Andres Bonifacio and his brothers Procopio and Ciriaco on orders of Aguinaldo with sedition and treason before a military court of the Katipunan. |
| 8 May |
The Katipunan convicts and sentences Bonifacio brothers to death |
| 10 May |
Andres Bonifacio and his brothers are executed at Mt. Buntis, Maragondon, Cavite. |
| 31 May |
Aguinaldo establishes a Philippine republican government in Biak-na-Bato, San Miguel, Bulacan. |
| August 10 |
Aguinaldo begins negotiating with the Spaniards colonial government in Manila with Pedro Paterno as representative. |
| August 15 |
A 7.9 intensity estimated earthquake hits Luzon's northwest coast |
| November 1 |
Constitution of Biak-na-Bato promulgated |
| December 14 |
Pact of Biak-na-Bato between Aguinaldo and Governor Primo de Rivera signed |
| December 27 |
Aguinaldo is self-exiled to Hong Kong following the Pact of Biak-na-Bato |
| 1898 |
February 8 |
The Katipunan is revived by Emilio Jacinto and Feliciano Jocson |
| April 11 |
Basilio Augustín appointed Governor-General (1898) |
| April 24 |
The US government promises support in exchange for his cooperation. Aguinaldo agrees |
| April 26 |
The US declares war on Spain. |
| 1 May |
Commodore George Dewey attacks Manila |
| 19 May |
Aguinaldo and his companions return to the Philippines from exile |
| 24 May |
Aguinaldo proclaims a dictatorial government and issues two decrees which show his trust and reliance in US protection |
| June 12 |
Aguinaldo proclaims Philippine Independence |
| June 23 |
Aguinaldo changes the dictatorial government to revolutionary government. |
| July 15 |
Aguinaldo creates a cabinet |
| July 15 |
The Malolos Congress in established |
| July 17 |
US reinforcements and troops arrive in the Philippines. |
| July 24 |
Fermín Jáudenes becomes acting Governor-General (1898) |
| August 13 |
Francisco Rizzo becomes acting Governor-General (1898) |
| August 13 |
Wesley Merritt appointed Military Governor (1898) |
| August 14 |
The Spanish surrender to the US after at mock battle of Manila |
| August 29 |
Elwell S. Otis appointed Military Governor (1898–1900) |
| September |
Diego de los Ríos becomes acting Governor-General (1898) |
| September 15 |
The Malolos Congress meets and elects its officers. |
| December 10 |
Spain and the US sign the Treaty of Paris. Article III provides for the cession of the Philippines to the US by Spain and the payment of 20 million dollars to Spain by the US. |
| December 21 |
US President McKinley issues the Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation |
| 1899 |
January 20 |
US President McKinley appoints the First Philippine Commission, known as the Schurman Commission |
| January 21 |
The Malolos Constitution is promulgated by Aguinaldo. |
| January 23 |
The Malolos Republic government is inaugurated. Aguinaldo takes his oath of office as President. |
| February 4 |
Hostilities break out between the Filipino and US forces. |
| February 6 |
The US Senate ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Spain |
| March 4 |
The Schurman Commission arrives in Manila |
| 6 May |
Aguinaldo creates a new cabinet |
| 18 May |
General Vicente Alvarez establishes the Republic of Zamboanga. |
| 20 May |
Aguinaldo's moves face opposition from Apolinario Mabini and Antonio Luna |
| June 5 |
Antonio Luna killed |
| December 2 |
Gregorio Del Pilar killed in the Battle of Tirad Pass |
| 1900 |
January 21 |
The Schurman Commission returns to the US. |
| March 16 |
US President McKinley appoints the second Philippine Commission, known as the Taft Commission |
| 5 May |
Arthur MacArthur, Jr appointed Military Governor (1900–1901) |
| June 3 |
The Taft Commission arrives in Manila |
| December 23 |
Partido Liberal established |
| Year |
Date |
Event |
| 1901 |
March 2 |
The Army Appropriation Act, also known as the Spooner Amendment, is passed by the US Senate. |
| March 23 |
Aguinaldo is captured by US authorities. |
| April 1 |
Aguinaldo takes an oath of allegiance to the US. |
| June 17 |
El Colegio de San Beda established |
| July 4 |
Adna Chaffee appointed as the last US Military Governor (1901–1902) |
| July 4 |
A civil government is established in the Philippines with William Howard Taft as the first Civil Governor (1901–1904) |
| July 18 |
The US organizes the Philippine Constabulary |
| August 28 |
Silliman Institute, later known as Silliman University, is established as the first American university in the Philippines |
| September |
The first Filipino members of the second Philippine Commission are appointed |
| September 27 |
Guerillas, headed by the Filipino Captain Daza, attack the US military barracks in Balangiga, Samar |
| September 28 |
Balangiga massacre occurs |
| October 20 |
A U.S. Marine battalion arrives on Samar to conduct the March across Samar operation |
| November 4 |
The Philippine Commission enacts the Sedition Law |
| December 14 |
An earthquake estimated of magnitude 7.8 shakes Lucena City. |
| 1902 |
January |
The first labor union of The Country, Union de Litografose Impresores de Filipinas, is organized. |
| January 21 |
The Philippine Commission calls for the organization of Public Schools in the Philippines. |
| March 30 |
The US Marines leave Balangiga |
| April 16 |
General Miguel Malvar surrenders to the US forces |
| May |
Governor Taft negotiates with Pope Leo XIII the sale of the friar lands in the Philippines |
| May 2 |
Macario Sakay establishes a second Tagalog Republic. |
| July 1 |
The Philippine Organic Act was enacted. |
| July 1 |
Cooper Act is passed by the US Senate. Philippine Assembly is established |
| July 4 |
Americans proclaim the end of the Philippine-American War, however fighting continues |
| August 3 |
The Foundation of Iglesia Filipina Independiente separated from Roman Catholic Church was proclaimed by The Union Obrera Democratica with Gregorio Aglipay as The 1st Obispo Maximo |
| September 17 |
Pope Leo XIII formally bestows a Pontifical title on the University of Santo Tomas[16][17] |
| November 12 |
Bandolerism Act passed by the Philippine Commission. All armed resistance against US rule are considered banditry |
| 1903 |
|
Governor Taft enunciates the policy of The Philippines for the Filipinos |
| 1904 |
February 1 |
Luke Edward Wright appointed as Civil Governor (1904–1905) |
| October 19 |
The Manila Business School was founded and started its operation (later as the Philippine School of Commerce, 1908, then as the Philippine College of Commerce, 1952, and now the Polytechnic University of the Philippines). |
| 1905 |
November 3 |
Henry Clay Ide appointed as Civil Governor (1905–1906) |
| 1906 |
September 20 |
James Francis Smith appointed as Civil Governor (1906–1909) |
| December 3 |
St. Scholastica's College established by the Benedictine Missionary Sisters of Tutzing |
| 1907 |
June 3 |
Centro Escolar University established as Centro Escolar de Señoritas. |
| June 30 |
First Congressional Elections held |
| September 13 |
Macario Sakay is executed by hanging, ending his Tagalog Republic. |
| October 16 |
The First Philippine Assembly is convened. |
| 1908 |
June 18 |
The University of the Philippines is established in Manila. |
| 1911 |
January 27 |
Mt Taal erupts, and kills 1,334 people |
| June 16 |
De La Salle University-Manila is founded as De La Salle College by the Brothers of Christian Schools. |
| December 28 |
Tricentennial of the Royal and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas[16][17] |
| 1913 |
September 1 |
Newton W. Gilbert appointed as acting Civil Governor (1913) |
| October 6 |
Francis Burton Harrison appointed as Civil Governor (1913–1921) |
| 1914 |
July 27 |
Iglesia ni Cristo (largest independent church in Asia) is registered to the government. |
| 1916 |
October 16 |
The Jones Law is passed establishing an all-Filipino legislature |
| October 16 |
Manuel Quezon elected Senate President while Sergio Osmenna is elected as House Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of the Philippines |
| 1917 |
January 11 |
The first cabinet of Filipinos under the US regime is organized. |
| March 10 |
Ambos Camarines Dissolved; Split into Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur. |
| 1921 |
March 5 |
Charles Yeater appointed as acting Civil Governor (1921) |
| October 14 |
Leonard Wood appointed as Civil Governor (1921–1927) |
| 1927 |
August 7 |
Eugene Allen Gilmore appointed as acting Civil Governor (1927) |
| December 27 |
Henry L. Stimson appointed as Civil Governor (1927–1929) |
| 1929 |
February 23 |
Eugene Allen Gilmore appointed as acting Civil Governor (1929) |
| July 8 |
Dwight F. Davis appointed as Civil Governor (1929–1932) |
| 1930 |
November 30 |
The Communist Party of the Philippines is formally established |
| 1932 |
January 9 |
George C. Butte appointed as acting Civil Governor (1932) |
| February 29 |
Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. appointed as Civil Governor (1932–1933) |
| June 20 |
Adamson School of Industrial Chemistry (ASIC) later known as Adamson University was founded by George Lucas Adamson |
| October 26 |
The Communist Party of the Philippines is declared illegal by the Supreme Court |
| 1933 |
July 15 |
Frank Murphy appointed as the last Civil Governor of the Philippines (1933–1935) |
| December 7 |
Governor-General Frank Murphy granted the Right of Suffrage to the Filipino women. |
| 1934 |
March 24 |
The Tydings-McDuffie Law, known as the Philippine Independence Law, is approved by US President Roosevelt. |
| July 10 |
202 delegates are elected to the Constitutional Convention in accordance with the Tydings-McDuffie Law |
| July 30 |
The Philippine Constitutional Convention is inaugurated |
| 1935 |
February 8 |
The Constitutional Convention creates a new constitution |
| February 15 |
The Philippine Constitution is signed |
| May 2 |
The Sakdalista uprising |
| 14 May |
The Philippine electorate ratifies the Constitution in a referendum |
| September 17 |
Manuel Quezon elected President in the first Philippine Presidential elections |
| November 15 |
The Philippine Commonwealth is inaugurated |
| November 15 |
The Office of Civil Governor is abolished |
| 1936 |
March 25 |
President Manuel L. Quezon issued Executive Order No. 23 which provided for the technical description and specifications of the Philippine national flag. |
| 1939 |
July 15 |
DZRH (KZRH) the first commercial radio station in the Philippines was founded by Samuel Gaches, the owner of H. E. Heacock Company, a department store company based in Escolta, Binondo, Manila. |
| 1941 |
November 11 |
Manuel Quezon re-elected as President |
| December 8 |
Start of the Japanese Invasion of the Philippines |
| December 20 |
President Quezon, his family and the war cabinet move to Corregidor Island |
| December 26 |
General MacArthur declares Manila an open city |
| December 28 |
Filipino and US armies retreat to Bataan |
| December 30 |
Manuel Quezon takes his oath of Office at the Corregidor Island |
| 1942 |
January 2 |
Japanese troops enters Manila |
| January 3 |
Masaharu Homma appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1942) |
| January 3 |
General Masaharu Homma declares the end of American Rule in the Philippines |
| January 3 |
Martial Law declared |
| January 13 |
All forms of opposition against the Japanese forces declared subject to death penalty |
| January 23 |
An executive committee, composed of Filipinos, is formed by General Homma as a conduit of the military administration's policies and requirements. |
| February 17 |
The Japanese Military Government issues an order adopting the Japanese educational system in The Country |
| February 20 |
President Quezon and the war cabinet leave for the US |
| March 11 |
General MacArthur leaves for Australia to take command of the South Western Pacific Area |
| March 13 |
The Commonwealth government is moved to the US |
| March 29 |
The People's Anti-Japanese Army or Hukbong Bayan Laban sa Hapon (Hukbalahap) is organized. |
| April |
A pro-US resistance movement is organized, mainly to provide data to the US on enemy positions |
| April 9 |
Bataan, under US commander General Edward King, is the last province that surrenders to the Japanese armies. |
| May 6 |
Corregidor Island falls to Japanese forces |
| June 8 |
Shizuichi Tanaka appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1942–1943) |
| June 14 |
The Commonwealth of the Philippines becomes a member of the United Nations |
| December 30 |
The Kalibapi is organized by the Japanese |
| 1943 |
May 28 |
Shigenori Kuroda appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1943–1942) |
| June 20 |
Japanese Premier Hideki Tojo nominates an all Filipino 20 member Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence |
| September 4 |
The Philippine Preparatory Commission for Independence drafts a new Constitution which provides for a unicameral national assembly |
| September 20 |
The 108 delegates to the National Assembly are chosen by the members of the Preparatory Commission for Philippine Independence. |
| September |
Jose P. Laurel elected President of the Philippines by the National Assembly |
| October 14 |
The puppet government is inaugurated. Laurel takes his oath of office |
| November |
The Philippine economy collapses, the shortage of rice becomes serious. |
| 1944 |
May |
The puppet government inaugurates the Green Revolution Movement. |
| August 1 |
Sergio Osmena assumes the Office of the President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines after the death of Manuel Quezon |
| September 21 |
US forces raids Manila |
| September 26 |
Tomoyuki Yamashita appointed as Japanese Military Governor (1944–1945) |
| October 20 |
General MacArthur lands in Palo, Leyte, accompanied by President Sergio Osmena and US troops |
| October 23 |
The Commonwealth government of the Philippines is re-established in Tacloban, Leyte |
| December 8 |
Pro-Japanese Philippine generals Pio Duran and Benigno Ramos organize the Makapilis |
| 1945 |
January 30 |
Raid at Cabanatuan: 121 American soldiers and 800 Filipino guerrillas free 813 American Prisoners of war from the Japanese-held camp in the city of Cabanatuan in the Philippines. |
| February 4 |
US troops enter Manila |
| February 22 |
Hukbalahap troop leaders arrested by the US forces |
| February 24 |
The Battle of Manila ends. The Japanese surrender to the combined US and Filipino troops |
| February 27 |
MacArthur hands over Malacanang Palace to Osmena. |
| March 3 |
The US and Filipino troops recaptured Manila. |
| March 22 |
The families of pro-Japanese President Laurel and Speaker Aquino leave The Country for Japan to seek refuge |
| June 5 |
The Congress elected in 1941 convenes for the first time |
| July 5 |
General MacArthur announces the liberation of the Philippines |
| August 6 |
The American forces drop an atomic bomb over Hiroshima, Japan. |
| August 9 |
The American forces an atomic bomb over Nagasaki, Japan. |
| August 15 |
The Empire of Japan accepts defeat |
| August 17 |
Philippines President José P. Laurel issues an Executive Proclamation putting an end to the Second Philippine Republic, thus ending to his term as President of the Philippines. |
| September 2 |
The final official Japanese Instrument of Surrender is accepted by the Supreme Allied Commander, General Douglas MacArthur, and Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz for the United States, and delegates from Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, The Netherlands, China, and others from a Japanese delegation led by Mamoru Shigemitsu, on board the American battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. |
| September 12 |
Jose P. Laurel is arrested by the US army |
| October 24 |
The United Nations is founded by ratification of its Charter, by 29 nations. |
| December |
Manuel Roxas separates from the Nacionalista Party of Sergio Osmena Sr and joins the Liberal Party |
| 1946 |
April 23 |
Manuel Roxas wins in the last Presidential Election under the Commonwealth |
| July 4 |
The United States recognizes the Independence of the Republic of the Philippines |
| September 30 |
The Amended Tenancy Act is promulgated. |
| 1947 |
January 28 |
President Roxas issues an amnesty proclamation to collaborators |
| March 6 |
HUKBALAHAP declared illegal |
| March 14 |
The Treaty of General Relations between Philippines and United States was signed. |
| April 15 |
President Roxas dies from a heart attack at Clark Air Field; Vice President Quirino Assumes the Office of President |
| April 17 |
Elpidio Quirino takes his oath of office as President of the Philippines |
| September 8 |
The Philippine representative to the Far Eastern Commission, Carlos P. Romulo, signs the Japanese Peace Treaty |
| 1949 |
April 28 |
Aurora Quezon (widow of Pres. Manuel Quezon) was ambushed by the Hukbalahap in Bongabon, Nueva Ecija. |
| 1950 |
August 31 |
President Quirino appoints Ramon Magsaysay as Secretary of the Department of National Defense |
|
The Philippines joins the Korean War, sending over 7,000 troops under the United Nations command. |
| 1951 |
August |
The National Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL) is established |
| August 30 |
The Mutual Defense Treaty between Philippines and United States was signed. |
| 1953 |
November 10 |
Ramon Magsaysay is elected President of the Republic of the Philippines |
| December 30 |
Magsaysay takes his oath of office |
| 1954 |
July 21 |
The Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty is signed in Manila, creating the South East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO) |
| December 15 |
The Laurel-Langley Agreement is signed |
| 1957 |
March 17 |
President Magsaysay dies in a plane crash; Vice-President Carlos P. Garcia assumes the presidency |
| November 14 |
Carlos P. Garcia elected President of the Republic of the Philippines |
| 1958 |
August 28 |
The Filipino first policy is promulgated |
| 1960 |
February 8 |
Birth of Benigno Aquino III, President of the Philippines. |
| 1961 |
December 7 |
Diosdado Macapagal elected President of the Republic of the Philippines. |
| December 30 |
Macapagal takes his oath of office |
| 1962 |
May 12 |
Independence Day is changed to June 12 by Diosdado Macapagal |
| 1963 |
April 12 |
Death of Felix Y. Manalo, founder of Iglesia ni Cristo at age of 76 |
| August 8 |
Diosdado Macapagal Signed the Agricultural Land Reform Code |
| 1965 |
November 9 |
Ferdinand Marcos elected President of the Republic of the Philippines |
| December 30 |
Ferdinand Marcos takes his oath of office |
| 1967 |
August 8 |
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nation) was formed. |
| 1968 |
March 18 |
Jabidah massacre |
| December 26 |
A new Communist Party of the Philippines established by Jose Maria Sison. |
| 1969 |
March 29 |
Jose Maria Sison formally organizes the military arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines, The New People's Army |
| November 11 |
Ferdinand Marcos re-elected President of the Republic of the Philippines |
| 1970 |
January |
First Quarter Storm begins in January. |
| November 17 |
Elections for 315 members of a Constitutional Convention held. |
| November 27 |
Pope Paul VI makes his first papal visit in the Philippines, but survived an assassination attempt by Benjamín Mendoza y Amor Flores at Manila International Airport. |
| 1971 |
June 1 |
The Constitutional Convention assembles to rewrite the 1935 Constitution. The Convention elects former President Carlos Garcia as its head. |
| June 14 |
Garcia dies and former President Diosdado Macapagal takes over the top position at the Convention. |
| August 21 |
Plaza Miranda bombed during the election campaign of the Liberal Party |
| August 22 |
President Marcos suspends the Writ of Habeas Corpus |
| 1972 |
|
Suspicious bombing incidents increase all over The Country . The MNLF launches its campaign for the independence of the Muslim provinces. |
| September 21 |
President Marcos signs the Martial Law Edict (at that time not publicly announced). |
| September 22 |
Marcos places the entire country under martial law |
| September 22 |
Assassination attempt on Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile |
| September 23 |
Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr. is arrested |
| September 23 |
The implementation of martial law is officially announced |
| September 26 |
The whole country is proclaimed a land reform area and an Agrarian Reform Program is decreed. |
| October 21 |
Marcos passes the Tenant's Emancipation Patent |
| October 21 |
The first major armed defiance of martial law takes place in Lanao del Sur |
| October 22 |
The battle between the MNLF and the government troops ends with the latter regaining control of the city. |
| November 29 |
The Constitutional Convention passes the new Constitution of the Philippines. |
| 1973 |
|
Misuari leaves The Country for Libya to solicit armed support from Muslim countries for the war in Mindanao. |
| January 10 |
A plebiscite referendum is held among the citizens' assemblies to ratify the new Constitution |
| April |
The National Democratic Front (NDF), the united front organization of the Communist Party of the Philippines, is formally organized. |
| July 27 |
Marcos' term as President extended by virtue of a referendum |
| 1974 |
February 27 |
Presidential appointments to local elective positions declared legal by virtue of another referendum |
| December 1 |
Jose Sison's essay entitled Specific Characteristics of Our People's War published |
| 1976 |
January 4 |
New people's Army Spokesman Satur Ocampo arrested |
| August 17 |
An earthquake of 7.8 magnitude and a following tsunami (flood wave) kills 8,000 people on and off the coast of Mindanao. |
| August 26 |
Kumander Dante of the New People's Army arrested |
| October 16 |
Martial Law allowed to exted by virtue of a Plebicte |
| December 23 |
Tripoli Agreement signed |
| 1977 |
January 20 |
The Armed Forces of the Philippines enters into a ceasefire agreement with the MNLF. |
| March 4 |
President Marcos issues a decree creating the autonomous Bangsa Moro Islamic Government |
| November 10 |
The CPP head Jose Maria Sison arrested |
| November 25 |
The Military Commission found Benigno Aquino, Jr. guilty of all charges and sentenced him to death by firing squad. but he escaped execution. |
| December 16 |
A referendum is held, the result of which again empowers the President to continue in office, and to become Prime Minister as well. |
| 1978 |
|
Rodolfo Salas takes over the leadership of the Communist Party of the Philippines. |
| April 8 |
Members of the Interim Batasang Pambansa are elected. |
| 1981 |
January 18 |
Martial law lifted. |
| February 17–21 |
Pope John Paul II visited the Philippines for his first papal visit. |
| June 16 |
Philippine general election and referendum, 1981 (Ferdinand Marcos re-elected to a third term). |
| June 30 |
Finance Minister Cesar Virata is elected Prime Minister by the Batasang Pambansa |
| 1983 |
August 21 |
Benigno Aquino, Jr. assassinated |
| 1984 |
May 14 |
Philippine parliamentary election, 1984 |
| 1985 |
December 2 |
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) Chief of staff General Fabian Ver and 25 others were acquitted. |
| 1986 |
February 6 |
Philippine presidential election, 1986 |
| February 22-25 |
EDSA Revolution ousts President Marcos; Corazon Aquino becomes president |
| 1987 |
January 22 |
Mendiola massacre occurred, 13 people were killed |
| February 2 |
Aquino adopts a new constitution by separating the House of Representatives and the Senate from the Interim Batasang Pambansa. |
| May 11 |
Philippine legislative election, 1987 |
| August 28–29 |
Coup attempt takes place when rebel soldiers made a threatened reprisal against Aquino and ended in a gunfight with 50 people killed and 200 wounded as Government troops fizzled the plot. |
| December 20 |
The passenger ferry MV Doña Paz and the oil tanker MT Vector are collided and sank in Tablas Strait, killing 4,341 passengers and crew. The collision made as the deadliest peace-time maritime disaster of the 20th century. |
| 1988 |
October 17 |
Interior Bases Agreement was signed by the Philippines and United States. |
| 1989 |
September 28 |
Death of Ferdinand Marcos |
| December 1–9 |
The most serious coup d'etat against the government of Philippine President Corazon Aquino was staged by members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines belonging to the Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM) and soldiers loyal to former President Ferdinand Marcos led by Colonel Gregorio Honasan, General Edgardo Abenina, and retired General Jose Ma. Zumel. |
| 1990 |
July 16 |
The Luzon earthquake struck with a 7.8 Ms (surface-wave magnitude). The earthquake caused damage within an area of about 20,000 square kilometers, stretching from the mountains of the Cordillera Administrative Region and through the Central Luzon region. |
| 1991 |
January 29 |
Merger of the Philippine Constabulary with the Integrated National Police to form the Philippine National Police. |
| June 15 |
Mount Pinatubo erupts in what will be the second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century; the final death toll tops 800. |
| June 30 |
The massacre of Estrellita, Carmela, and Jennifer Vizconde. |
| September 16 |
Senate of the Philippines rejects renewal of U.S military bases in the Philippines |
| November 4–5 |
Tropical Storm Uring lashes into Eastern Visayas, leaving 8,000 people dead as a result of widespread flooding in the coastal city of Ormoc, Leyte. |
| 1992 |
May 11 |
Philippine general election, 1992 (Fidel V. Ramos is elected) |
| 1993 |
June 28 |
Sarmienta-Gomez Rape-slay case. |
| September 11 |
Ferdinand Marcos remains was laid to rest in Batac, Ilocos Norte. |
| 1994 |
March 29 |
The Philippines gets connected to the Internet. |
| November 15 |
Mindoro Earthquake |
| 1995 |
January 10–15 |
Pope John Paul II visited the Philippines for the World Youth Day held in Manila. |
| May 8 |
Philippine general election, 1995 |
| 1996 |
March 18 |
Fire razes Ozone Disco, killing 162 guests including college graduating students and 95 more injured. |
| September 2 |
A permanent peace agreement is signed at the Malacañan Palace between the Government of the Philippines and the Moro National Liberation Front. |
| November 24–25 |
8th Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Economic leaders' meeting. |
| 1997 |
July |
Asian financial crisis |
| 1998 |
May 11 |
Philippine general election, 1998 (Joseph Estrada is elected) |
| June 12 |
Centennial of Philippines Independence |
| 2000 |
January 1 |
The Philippines celebrates the new 2000 millennium nationwide. |
| March 15 |
President Estrada declares an "all-out-war" against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). |
| November 13 |
President Estrada impeached by House of Representatives |