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The first ever international football match was contested between Scotland and England.

Scotland was one of the earliest modern footballing nations, with Glasgow club Queen's Park early pioneers of the game throughout the UK. More clubs formed in Scotland, resulting in the commencement of the first major competition in 1873, the Scottish Cup, then the founding of the Scottish Football League in 1890. With the official sanctioning of professionalism, the Old Firm of Celtic and Rangers became dominant in Scotland, and remain so, although other clubs have enjoyed brief periods of success too.

The first officially recognized international football match took place between Scotland and England in 1872. Over time, Scotland began to play regularly against the other home nations too, and then on a yearly basis with the establishment of the British Home Championship in 1883. Scotland didn't compete against a nation from outside the British Isles until 1929 when they played Norway in Bergen, following which they began to contest regular friendly matches against other European sides. Scotland first competed in a major tournament when they qualified for the 1954 FIFA World Cup. They have qualified for a further seven World Cups since, although have exited at the group stage each time. Scotland have also qualified three times for the UEFA European Championships, in 1992, 1996 and the COVID-19 delayed 2020 tournament; failing to progress past the group stage each time.

The Scottish Football Association (SFA) were prominent in the administration of football since the early days of the game, and in 1882 agreed with the other home-nation associations on a uniform set of rules. They continue to play a role in this, with the SFA currently forming part of the International Football Association Board along with each of the other home-nation associations and four representatives from FIFA.

History

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The game started to become popular in Scotland following the development in London in 1863 of the first ever rules of association football, established by The Football Association. Scottish football clubs started to be formed towards the end of the 1860s and 1870s,[1] notably Queen's Park who were early pioneers of the game throughout the UK.[2][3][4][5] The first officially recognised international football match took place in 1872 between Scotland and England at the West of Scotland Cricket Club's ground in Glasgow. The Scottish Football Association was formed in 1873, and the first official competition in Scotland commenced that same year, the Scottish Cup. The game in Scotland progressed further with the founding of the Scottish Football League in 1890, and the official sanctioning of professionalism in 1893.

Queens Park's insistence on remaining amateur saw their early prominence in Scottish football fade, and the Old Firm of Celtic and Rangers became the dominant clubs. Celtic won six successive league titles during the first decade of the 20th century, during which time they also became the first club to win the league and Scottish Cup in the same season (the "double"). They also won four successive titles the following decade.[6] In the inter-war years, Rangers won 14 of the 20 league titles competed for,[6] and a few years after the end of the Second World War were the first club to win all three major domestic competitions in the same season in Scotland (the "treble"). Both Old Firm clubs have since won nine successive league titles; Celtic from 1966 to 1974 and then again from 2012 to 2020, and Rangers from 1989 to 1997. Rangers have won the league championship a total of 55 times, a joint world record.[7][8][9] Other clubs have enjoyed brief periods of success: Heart of Midlothian and Hibernian during the late 1940s and 1950s[10][11] and Aberdeen, and to a lesser extent Dundee United, in the early 1980s.[12]

Following the first international in 1872 between Scotland and England, over the next 50 years the national side played exclusively against the other three Home Nations – England, Wales and Ireland.[13] The British Home Championship was established in 1883, making these games competitive. Scotland won the first ever championship, and won outright on ten occasions up to the First World War and shared the title on a further 6 times with at least one other team.[14] Scotland played their first match outside the British Isles in 1929, beating Norway 7–3 in Bergen. Scotland then contested regular friendly matches against European opposition and enjoyed wins against Germany and France before losing to the Austrian "Wunderteam" and Italy in 1931.[13]

Scotland took part in their first major international tournament when they qualified for the 1954 FIFA World Cup in Switzerland, and then again in 1958 for the World Cup in Sweden, failing to progress from the first round in both tournaments. After a barren spell in the 1960s, Scotland qualified for the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany, where the team was unbeaten but failed to progress due to inferior goal difference. The national side also qualified for the 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina, amidst unprecedented publicity and optimism.[15] They failed to win either of their first two games, and a win over the Netherlands wasn't enough to prevent another first round exit.[15] The national side qualified for the next three World Cups in 1982, 1986 and 1990, but also exited at the first round in each. Scotland qualified for the finals of UEFA European Championship for the first time in 1992, and repeated the feat for the 1996 Euros in England. A further major tournament was reached when they took part in the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France, but then went over 20 years without qualifying for a major tournament. Scotland finally ended this barren run when they qualified for the COVID-19 delayed Euro 2020 tournament.

The Scottish Football Association (SFA) were prominent in the administration of football since the early days of the game. In 1882 they met up with other home-nation associations and agreed on a uniform set of rules for football. The home-nation associations went on to form the International Football Association Board (IFAB) to approve any changes to the rules. It was a proposal by the SFA that led to the offside rule being changed in 1925, where a player would now be onside if a minimum of two (instead of three) opposing players are between him and the goal line. IFAB continues to meet twice a year, once to decide on possible changes to the rules governing football and once to deliberate on its internal affairs. The organisation is now made up of representatives from the SFA, the other three home-nation associations, and the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). Each home-nation association has one vote and FIFA has four. IFAB deliberations must be approved by three-quarters of the vote, which translates to at least six votes. Thus, FIFA's approval is necessary for any IFAB decision, but FIFA alone cannot change the Laws of the Game – they need to be agreed by at least two of the home-nation members. As of 2016, all members must be present for a binding vote to proceed.[16]

Pre-1860

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1824

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1860s

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1867

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  • Scotland's oldest club in continuous existence and longest established club Queen's Park is formed.[19]
  • Queen's Park compile "The Rules of the Field", a set of rules based on the common Association rules of the time, but with notable changes to the offside rule.[2]

1868

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  • Queen's Park play their first match against another club, the newly formed Glasgow-based team Thistle.[20]

1870s

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The Scottish Cup trophy is the oldest trophy in association football.

1870

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The Queen's Park team of 1874. The club were early pioneers of association football throughout the UK.

1872

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  • Queen's Park become the first ever Scottish football team to participate in official competition when they play in the 1871–72 FA Cup semi-final against Wanderers, the match ends goalless. Queen's, however, can not afford to extend their stay long enough for the tie to be replayed and are forced to withdraw.[24]
  • Rangers are formed in March. In May, Rangers play their first ever match, a friendly against Callander, drawing 0-0, played at Fleshers' Haugh (now known as Glasgow Green).[25]
  • Scotland and England draw 0–0, played at the West of Scotland Cricket Club. This is recognised by FIFA as the first official international match.[21]

1873

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1874

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  • Queen's Park defeat Clydesdale 2–0 to win the inaugural Scottish Cup.[26]

1876

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1877

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  • Vale of Leven win the Scottish Cup for the first time after beating Rangers 3–2 in a second replay – thereby becoming the first team other than Queen's Park to win the trophy.[26]

1880s

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1881

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Andrew Watson is widely considered to be the first black person to play football at international level.
  • Dr. John Smith becomes the first player to score a hat-trick in a Scottish Cup Final, netting all three of Queen's Park's goals in a 3–1 win over Dumbarton.[28] The final is a replay after the first match was won 2–1 by Queen's Park but declared void due to a protest from Dumbarton.[29]
  • Andrew Watson wins his first cap for Scotland, becoming what is widely considered to be the world's first black person to play football at international level.[30][31][32]
  • The first known women's match to be played under football association rules takes place at Easter Road. A team representing Scotland beat England 3–0, with Lily St Clare becoming the first ever recorded female goalscorer.[33]

1882

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1883

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1884

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1885

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  • Renton win the Scottish Cup for the first time, defeating Vale of Leven 3–1 in the 1885 Scottish Cup Final.[26]
  • Arbroath defeat Bon Accord 36–0 in the first round of the Scottish Cup, a record scoreline in a major competition in British football. Jock Petrie scores 13 goals in the game, the highest number of goals by a player in a single game in competitive British football.[40]

1886

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1887

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  • Hibernian win the Scottish Cup for the first time, defeating Dumbarton 2–1 in the 1887 Scottish Cup Final.[26]
  • The SFA instructs all its member clubs to withdraw from the FA Cup and to cease any further participation in that competition.[23]
  • Fairfield Govan defeat Edinburgh Woodburn 3–1 in the first Scottish Junior Cup final.[41]

1888

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1889

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1890s

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1890

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1891

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1892

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1893

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1894

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  • Rangers win the Scottish Cup for the first time, defeating Celtic 3–1 in the first cup final between the two teams who would become known as the Old Firm.[26]
  • Celtic build the first ever press box at a football stadium in Britain, located high up on the main stand at Celtic Park.[46][47]

1895

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1896

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1899

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1900s

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1902

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The damage caused at Ibrox Park by the 1902 disaster, which resulted in the deaths of 25 people

1903

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1904

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1905

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  • Celtic and Rangers finish the league level on 41 points, and a play-off at Hampden Park is arranged to decide the championship. Celtic win 2–1, clinching the first of what transpired to be six successive league titles.[55][56]

1907

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  • Celtic win both the league title and the Scottish Cup in the same season, becoming the first club to win the double in Scotland.[43]

1909

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1910s

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1910

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1913

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1914

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1917

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  • Celtic complete a 62 match unbeaten run, a record in British football that stood for over 100 years.[60][61]

1920s

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1920

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  • The SFA, along with the other three home-nation associations, withdraw from FIFA, primarily due to issues over playing ex-enemy countries from the First World War.[62][63]

1921

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  • Goal average is brought in by the Scottish League to separate teams tied on the same number of points.[23]

1922

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1924

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1925

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  • Following a proposal by the SFA, the offside rule is changed: a player is now onside if a minimum of two (instead of three) opposing players are between him and the goal line.[65]

1926

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1928

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  • Scotland defeat England 5–1 at Wembley, during which Alex Jackson scores the first ever hat-trick at Wembley. The Scotland team become popularly known as the Wembley Wizards.[66]
  • The SFA, along with the other three home-nation associations, once again withdraw from FIFA, due to the home nations reluctance to cede ultimate authority on football matters to FIFA.[62]

1929

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1930s

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1931

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1932

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  • Motherwell win the league title for the first time.[6]
  • Willie MacFadyen scores 52 league goals for Motherwell, a record goals total for a single season in Scottish League history.[68]

1934

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1937

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1939

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  • Rangers defeat Celtic 2–1 in front of a crowd of 118,567 at Ibrox, a record attendance for a league match in Britain.[73]
  • Competitive football is suspended due to the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe, during the early stages of the 1939–40 season.[23]

1940s

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1944

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  • Scotland's 3–2 defeat at Hampden Park in the wartime international against England is watched by 133,000 fans, the largest attendance at any match in Britain during wartime.[74][75]

1946

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1947

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  • Rangers win the first League Cup, as they defeat Aberdeen 4–0 at Hampden Park to win the 1946–47 competition.[77]
  • Hampden Park hosts a friendly match between a UK representative team and a Rest of the World XI. The game is dubbed "Match of the Century", with the UK winning 6–1 in front of 135,000 spectators. The gate receipts of £35,000 are donated to FIFA to help assist with the financial losses incurred as a result of the Second World War.[76]
  • East Fife are the second winners of the League Cup, after defeating Falkirk 4–1 in the replayed final of the 1947–48 competition.[78]

1948

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1949

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  • Rangers win the league title, League Cup and the Scottish Cup in season 1948–49, thereby becoming the first club to win the domestic treble in Scotland.[77]

1950s

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1950

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1951

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1953

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1954

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1955

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1956

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1957

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1958

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1960s

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1960

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1961

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1962

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1963

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1964

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1965

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  • Kilmarnock win the league title for the first time, defeating Heart of Midlothian 2–0 on the final day of the season to win the league on goal average ahead of Heart of Midlothian.[6]

1966

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1967

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Tommy Gemmell (pictured in 1971) scored one of the goals as Celtic won the 1967 European Cup Final.

1968

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1969

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  • Celtic win the domestic treble.[110]

1970s

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1970

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1971

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1972

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1973

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1974

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Billy Bremner playing for Scotland in the 1974 World Cup

1975

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1976

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1977

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1978

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  • Rangers win the domestic treble.[122]
  • Scotland are knocked out of the 1978 FIFA World Cup at the group stage, having taken three points (one win, one draw) from three matches.[127]
  • Jock Stein leaves Celtic, having won 25 trophies including the European Cup in 1967, for a brief spell as manager of Leeds United, before returning north to take over from Ally MacLeod as manager of Scotland.[128][129]
  • Alex Ferguson becomes manager of Aberdeen, who he goes on to lead to what several sources describe as "unprecedented success", taking over from Billy McNeill who moved to Celtic as their manager.[130][131][132]

1979

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  • Dundee United win the League Cup for the first time, defeating Aberdeen 3–0 in the replayed final.[78]

1980s

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1980

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  • Aberdeen win the league title, the first side outwith the Old Firm to do so since Kilmarnock in 1965.[6]
  • Celtic beat Rangers in the Scottish Cup Final. Thousands of fans from both sides take to the field afterwards and engage in a pitched battle with one another. The aftermath sees both clubs fined £20,000 and various legislation implemented, including the prohibition of the sale of alcohol at football matches in Scotland.[57][133]
  • Hibernian are the first Scottish club to install undersoil heating, at a cost of £60,000,[134] and which is used later in the season to enable their home game against Falkirk to be played despite the wintry weather conditions.[134][135]
  • Ian Wallace becomes the first Scottish footballer to be transferred for over a million pounds, joining Nottingham Forest from Coventry City for £1.25 million.[136]

1982

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1983

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1984

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1985

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1986

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1987

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1988

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1989

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1990s

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1990

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1991

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1992

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  • Having qualified for the first time, Scotland take part in the finals of the UEFA European Championship. They are knocked out at the group stage of UEFA Euro 1992, having taken two points (one win) from three matches.[159]
  • Rangers become the first British club to compete in the group stages of the revamped UEFA Champions League, where they went undefeated but eventually finished second in their group behind eventual (controversial) winners Marseille.[146][160]
  • Top clubs attempt a 'Super League' breakaway following a similar event in England; the move fails but prompts some reconstruction of the League setup which takes effect two years later.[161]

1993

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1994

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Scotland (in blue) in action against the Netherlands at UEFA Euro 1996

1995

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1996

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The Tartan Army at the opening match of the 1998 FIFA World Cup, a tournament at which the Scots supporters won an award for good behaviour

1997

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1998

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1999

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2000s

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2000

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2001

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2002

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Berti Vogts was appointed manager of the Scotland national team in 2002.

2003

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2004

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2005

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  • Rangers win the league championship on the last day of the season, as Celtic concede two late goals against Motherwell.[183]
  • Rangers become the first Scottish club to progress from the group stages of the UEFA Champions League to the knockout phase of the tournament.[184]

2006

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2007

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2008

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2009

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2010s

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2010

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2011

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  • Celtic manager Neil Lennon and two high-profile supporters of the club are sent parcel bombs. The device sent to Lennon is intercepted by the Royal Mail, whilst the two other devices are delivered but treated as suspicious packages and not opened.[198]

2012

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2013

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2014

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2015

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2016

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  • Ross County win the League Cup for the first time, defeating Hibernian 2–1 in the final.[209]
  • Edinburgh City become the first club to be promoted to the SPFL, under the pyramid system instituted in 2013.[210]
  • Hibernian win the Scottish Cup for the first time since 1902, defeating Rangers 3–2 in the final.[211]
  • Oliver Burke joins RB Leipzig from Nottingham Forest for a transfer fee of around £13 million, a record fee at the time for a transfer involving a Scottish player.[212]

2017

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2018

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2019

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2020s

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2020

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2021

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  • St Johnstone win the Scottish League Cup for the first time, defeating Livingston 1–0 in the final.[237] They go on to complete a cup double by winning the Scottish Cup for the second time, defeating Hibernian 1–0 in the final,[238] becoming the first team outside the Old Firm to win both domestic cup competitions since Aberdeen in 1989–90.[239]
  • Rangers prevent Celtic from winning a record 10 league titles in a row by winning the Scottish Premiership and their 55th league title.[240][241]
  • Brechin City become the first club to be relegated from the SPFL into the Highland League after defeat to Kelty Hearts in the League Two play-off, their third relegation in four seasons.
  • Scotland are knocked out of the COVID-19 delayed UEFA Euro 2020 at the group stage, with 1 point from 3 matches played.[242]
  • All leagues above amateur level are connected for the first time as part of the senior pyramid system, after the SJFA East Region (Midlands League), SJFA North Region, and North Caledonian League join as feeders to the Highland League,[243] with the winners of each of these leagues able to participate in the Scottish Cup regardless of licence. Carnoustie Panmure and Invergordon are the first teams from the Midlands League and North Caledonian League, respectively, under this system, with none from the SJFA North as Banks O' Dee won the league and the Scottish Cup place does not get passed down to the runner up should the winner already qualify through an SFA Licence.

2022

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2023

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2024

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  • At a summit at Loch Lomond, the IFAB discuss the controversial implementation of Blue Cards, where it is decided that trials of the cards will not be implemented further than grassroots level.[252][253] Following the conclusion of the meeting, FIFA President, Gianni Infantino, is spotted at St Mirren's 2–1 home win over Aberdeen.
  • Buckie Thistle are controversially denied a spot in the League Two playoffs despite having SPFL licences being deferred by the SFA until after the playoffs were due to end. East Kilbride were given a bye to face Stranraer in the final.
  • Celtic become the first club in Scotland to win the men's (Scottish Premiership) and women's (Scottish Women's Premier League) league titles in the same season.[254]
  • Scotland are knocked out of UEFA Euro 2024 at the group stage, having taken one point from three games.[255]
  • Inverness Caledonian Thistle are relegated to League One and enter administration despite talks with multiple investors, including Danish Billionaire and FC Midtjylland owner, Anders Povlsen. They are the first side to enter administration since Heart of Midlothian in 2013 and first to have points deducted in season due to administration since Dunfermline in 2012–13.[256]
  • Bonnyrigg Rose are controversially deducted 6 points by an SPFL Tribunal due to the gradient of the pitch at New Dundas Park. The club had been downgraded from a Bronze to an Entry Level licence in September, despite giving the league and the FA notice that they intend to implement a synthetic turf at the end of the 2024–25 season.[257]
  • Dumbarton enter administration over "non receipt of funds owed from the sale of land in 2021". Like Inverness, they are deducted 15 points, and move to the bottom of the League One table.

2025

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See also

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References

[edit]
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