Torez
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| Torez Торез |
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| City of regional significance | |||
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| Coordinates: 48°1′19″N 38°37′35″E / 48.02194°N 38.62639°ECoordinates: 48°1′19″N 38°37′35″E / 48.02194°N 38.62639°E | |||
| Country | Ukraine | ||
| Oblast | Donetsk | ||
| Founded | 1778 | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 105.8 km2 (40.8 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2013) | |||
| • Total | 57,998 | ||
| Website | http://torez.dn.ua/ | ||
Torez (Ukrainian: Торез; before 1964: Chistyakovo, Russian: Чистяково, Chystyakove, Ukrainian: Чистякове) is a city of regional significance in Donetsk Oblast of Ukraine. Employment and much of the city's economy relies heavily on the mining industries despite the proportion of employed miners having fallen in the recent years. In 2012 the city had 81,761 residents, down from a peak of about 120,000 in 1970.
The city was renamed from Chystyakove to Torez in 1964 in honor of the French Communist Party leader Maurice Thorez who died that same year.
On July 17, 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 crashed near the city.
Contents
History[edit]
The original settlement was established in 1778 at the confluence of the Sevostyanivka and Orlova Rivers (of Mius catchment) by runaway serfs from the provinces of southern Russia and Ukraine. By 1800, it had 225 residents and was called Sloboda Alekseevka after one of the sons of Lieutenant-General S. Leonov, the landowner and founder.
By the 1860s, the town was known as Chystyakove, and served as a coal-mining hub. It was named after a merchant and owner of a local manor named Chistyakov. In 1875, two mining companies were established: Chistyakovs'ke – which operated two coal mines ("Slanted" and "Gallery") – and Oleksiivs'ke (renamed "Nadiya" in 1907).
In 1909, the Chistyakove mines produced 4.7 million pounds of coal, and by 1916 yielded 76.8 million pounds.
In 1924, the Chistyakove mining agglomeration had 142 settlements with 44,679 residents in total. In 1932, the settlements became a town, and the town's ten coal mining quarries were incorporated into the Chistyakovugol Industrial Trust a year later.
In the 1940s the town had 3 administrative districts (now defunct):
- Chervona Zirka (Red Star)
- Pivdenna Grupa (Southern Group)
- Chistyakove Station (railway)
During World War II, Chistyakove was occupied by the German Army from October 31, 1941 to September 2, 1943. In 1964, the town was renamed from "Chistyakove" to "Torez" in honour of the late Maurice Thorez, longtime leader of the French Communist Party, who was also a coal miner.
Starting in mid-April 2014 pro-Russian separatists captured several towns in Donetsk Oblast[1][2] which include Torez.[3]
On July 17, 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, en route to Kuala Lumpur from Amsterdam, was hit by a surface-to-air missile and crashed near Torez, killing all 298 people on board.[4]
Today, Torez is a major center of the Ukrainian coal industry. Its population is close to 70,000 with an average population density of 822 persons per square kilometer.[citation needed]
Transportation[edit]
Torez has a well-developed transport system of internal and external conveyance. There are thirty-one public transport routes served by buses and taxis and strong transport links with the cities of Snizhne and Shakhtarsk. The Luhansk - Donetsk highway runs through the centre of the city for nine kilometers. From the bus station (vulytsia Popovycha), buses run to Donetsk, Kharkiv and other major cities of the eastern regions of Ukraine.
There are three main railway stations, namely:
- Torez railway station (at vulytsia Vokzalna)
- Rozsypne railway station (town of Rozsypne)
- Pelahiyivka railway station (town of Pelahiyivka)
There are two railway stations that have electric commuter train stops, which are:
- Dronove railway station (town of Pelahiyivka)
- Voskresenska railway station (Central Village, Torez)
- 33 km railway halt
Economy[edit]
The city's major company is State Company "Torez Anthracite" which specializes in coal mining. The company controls a number of production associations (primarily mines); examples are "Progress Mine", "Lutugin Mine Administration", "Volhynian Mine Administration", and the Central Enriching Factory "Torezka".
Other companies include, but not limited to:
- Torez Electrical Factory
- Mine "Terra" (Vuhleresurs Company)
- Torez factory of clad hard alloys
- Torez Penal Colony No.28 (State Penal Department)
- Torez Foodtasting Factory
Areas of Torez[edit]
- Center (streets: Pionerska, Nikolaeva, Engels, Syzrantsev, 50 years of the USSR, Gagarin Ave and Boulevard Illich)
- Neighbourhoods number 1, 2, 3, 4 (Engels street)
- Neighbourhood "30th Anniversary of Victory" - Pelahiyivka
- Neighbourhood "G" - urban village Pelahiyivka
- Chervona Zirka - Red Star urban village Pelahiyivka
- Southern Group streets: Lenin, Kirov, wide Shanghai, Central Village, village mines no. 25-27
- Lutuhine (sel. mine them. Lutuguino, Zavodska, pp. Konovalivka with. Krups'ka, HABstroy st. Profspilkova)
- Railway (west part of town, the railway station, pp. mine number 9)
- urban village Rozsypne
- P. Pyatykhatky
Central Village[edit]
Central Village (Ukrainian: Cелище центральне Conversation - «TSePe») is the historic area of Torez. One of the first centralized settlements in Chistyakova, it is located in the southeastern region. By 1932 (when Torez received a city status), the central creation of infrastructure was carried out in Chistyakova and the surrounding mining towns.
Today, the central village is integrated into the city center and other districts of Torez. The central village features an acting school (shoni acting school) and two kindergartens.
Shanghai[edit]
Shanghai is a small residential area in the southeast of Torez that was built in 1946 by Hungarian prisoners from World War II. The area consists of seven-story apartment buildings. Streets within the area include Kirova, Mins'ka, Fadeeva and Shyroka. These streets connect with Lenina and Robocha.
In recent years, Shanghai has grown to include the private buildings along the Shyroka, Smolensk, Novocherkassk, Minsk, and Kirov streets.
Suburbs[edit]
Beside the city proper, the Torez city council also has two towns, Pelahiyivka and Rozsypne.
Gallery[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Leonid Ragozin. "Putin Is Accidentally Helping Unite Eastern and Western Ukraine - The New Republic". The New Republic. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
- ^ "TASS: World - Donbass defenders put WWII tank back into service". TASS. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
- ^ "Specter of violence in eastern Ukraine keeps voters from polls". KyivPost. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
- ^ [MH17 Malaysia plane crash: What we know "Malaysia Airlines Flight 17"] Check
|url=scheme (help). BBC News. Retrieved 2015-08-08.
External links[edit]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Torez. |
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