Torsion-free abelian group

In mathematics, specifically in abstract algebra, a torsion-free abelian group is an abelian group which has no non-trivial torsion elements; that is, a group in which the group operation is commutative and the identity element is the only element with finite order. That is, multiples of any element other than the identity element generate an infinite number of distinct elements of the group.

Definitions

Main article: Abelian group

An abelian group $\langle G, * \rangle$ is a set G, together with a binary operation * on G, such that the following axioms are satisfied:

Associativity
For all a, b and c in G, (a * b) *c = a * (b * c).
Identity element
There is an element e in G, such that e * x = x * e = x for all x in G. This element e is an identity element for * on G.
Inverse element
For each a in G, there is an element a′ in G with the property that a′ * a = a * a′ = e. The element a′ is an inverse of a with respect to *.
Commutativity
For all a, b in G, a * b = b * a.[1][2][3]

Main article: Order (group theory)
Order
For this definition, note that in an abelian group, the binary operation is usually called addition, the symbol for addition is “+”[4] and a repeated sum, $a + a + \cdots + a$ of the same element appearing n times is usually abbreviated “na”.[5] Let G be a group and aG. If there is a positive integer n such that na = e, the least such positive integer n is the order of a. If no such n exists, then a is of infinite order.[6][7][8]

Main article: Torsion (algebra)
Torsion
A group G is a torsion group if every element in G is of finite order. G is torsion free if no element other than the identity is of finite order.[9][10][11]

Notes

1. ^ Fraleigh (1976, pp. 18−20)
2. ^ Herstein (1964, pp. 26−27)
3. ^ McCoy (1968, pp. 143−146)
4. ^ Fraleigh (1976, p. 27)
5. ^ Fraleigh (1976, p. 30)
6. ^ Fraleigh (1976, pp. 50,72)
7. ^ Herstein (1964, p. 37)
8. ^ McCoy (1968, p. 166)
9. ^ Fraleigh (1976, p. 78)
10. ^ Lang (2002, p. 42)
11. ^ Hungerford (1974, p. 78)
12. ^ Lang (2002, p. 45)