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Trawsfynydd nuclear power station

Coordinates: 52°55′29.51″N 3°56′54.38″W / 52.9248639°N 3.9484389°W / 52.9248639; -3.9484389
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Trawsfynydd nuclear power station
Map
CountryWales, United Kingdom
LocationTrawsfynydd, Gwynedd
Coordinates52°55′29.51″N 3°56′54.38″W / 52.9248639°N 3.9484389°W / 52.9248639; -3.9484389
StatusDecommissioning in progress
Construction began1959
Commission date1965
Decommission date1991
Construction cost£103 million
OwnerNuclear Decommissioning Authority
OperatorNuclear Restoration Services
Nuclear power station
Reactor typeMagnox
Reactor supplierAtomic Power Constructions
Power generation
Make and modelRichardsons Westgarth
Units decommissioned2 x 235 MW
Nameplate capacity500 MWe[1] [2]
External links
CommonsRelated media on Commons
[edit on Wikidata]

Trawsfynydd nuclear power station (Welsh: Atomfa Trawsfynydd) is a former Magnox nuclear power station situated in Snowdonia National Park in Gwynedd, Wales. The plant, which became operational in 1965, was the only nuclear power station in the UK to be built inland, with cooling water that was taken from the artificial Llyn Trawsfynydd reservoir which also supplies the hydro-electric Maentwrog power station. It was closed in 1991 and is undergoing decommissioning by Nuclear Restoration Services, a process originally projected to take almost 100 years.[3]. While the Welsh government initially explored redevelopment via small modular reactors (SMRs) in 2021[4], the UK's Great British Energy – Nuclear (GBE-N) selected Wylfa over Trawsfynydd for its first SMR phase in 2025 due to site constraints.[5] Consequently, current site activity focuses on a £70 million programme to reduce the height of the reactor buildings (commenced 2025)[6] and the development of an Innovation, Business and Skills Centre approved by Cyngor Gwynedd in 2026 to drive local economic regeneration.[7]

History

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The power station, which takes its name from the nearby village of Trawsfynydd, was designed by Basil Spence.[8] The construction, which was undertaken by a consortium involving Crompton Parkinson, International Combustion, Fairey Engineering and Richardsons Westgarth, and known as the Atomic Power Constructions (APC),[9] began in July 1959, and both of the reactors were in operation by March 1965, with the station opening fully in October 1968, at a cost of £103 million.[10] It had two Magnox reactors producing 470 megawatts (MW) in total from four turbines, each rated at 145MWe.[10][11] The reactors were supplied by APC and the turbines by Richardsons Westgarth.[10] The civil engineering work was undertaken by Holland, Hannen & Cubitts[12] and Trollope & Colls.[13] The architectural consultant for the buildings was Sir Basil Spence and the landscape architect was Sylvia Crowe.[14] The setting for the power station which Crowe developed is designated Grade II* on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.[15] Four Paxman 12YLC diesel engines, each driving a 1.2MW Crompton Parkinson alternator were installed for emergency standby duties.[16]

Nuclear flasks were transported to Trawsfynydd on a section of the former Bala to Blaenau Ffestiniog railway that had been closed in January 1961. A single track was restored northwards with an entirely new line through the centre of Blaenau Ffestiniog that connected to the Conwy Valley branch. In 1963-64, a "Goliath" gantry crane was installed over sidings about 1⁄2 mi (0.80 km) east of the power station.[17][18][19] Beginning on 20 April 1964, nuclear flasks could be transported by rail between destinations such as Sellafield in Cumbria. The last train to carry nuclear material from Trawsfynydd left on 22 April 1997 hauled by EWS Loco 37426.[20] The line was subsequently mothballed.[21] In 2016, enthusiasts, who want to create a heritage railway, began clearing vegetation along the route but have since been halted and are negotiating a new licence to clear.[22]

Decommissioning

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Trawsfynydd was shut down in 1991. The Nuclear Decommissioning Authority subsidiary Nuclear Restoration Services, formerly Magnox Ltd,[23][24] is decommissioning the site. The work is expected to last decades.[25]

Beginning in 1993, the highly-radioactive spent fuel rods were removed from both Magnox reactors and sent by rail to Sellafield. This was completed in 1997. Intermediate level waste – such as on the walls of the cooling ponds or pipes – is being carefully removed using robots over the next decades. Contaminated material is stored in a specially designed building on the site.[25]

Major structural reduction

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In October 2025, Nuclear Restoration Services awarded a £70 million to Costain to reduce the height of the two reactor buildings from 54 to 25 m (177 to 82 ft). This work, which was scheduled to begin in autumn 2025 and last approximately four years, is designed to prepare the buildings for safe and efficient demolition, reshaping the site's iconic skyline through the partial removal of the upper sections of both reactor buildings.[6]

The two reactor buildings, now over 60 years old, have experienced structural wear due to prolonged exposure to the elements. Extensive enabling work has already been completed, including the installation of new internal roofs at a lower level, major de-planting of the primary boiler sections, and re-routing of electrical supplies; all designed to prepare the buildings for safe and efficient demolition.[6]

In preparation for the major structural reduction works, Radius Group announced in early 2026 the formation of a dedicated lifting team, with operations estimated to commence in November 2026. This team will support the complex tower crane operations required for the reactor building reduction.[26]

Long-term clearance targets

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Final clearance of the site is scheduled to begin in 2071.[27] By 2083, the area is expected to have been restored to its pre-nuclear state; 124 years after construction started and 92 years after the closure of Trawsfynydd power station.[3]

Future redevelopment and economic regeneration

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The Welsh government has decided to redevelop the plant using small-scale reactors, as a step toward meeting the UK's targets for reducing carbon emissions. In 2021, the government chose Mike Tynan of Westinghouse to lead a company tasked with developing the new reactors.[4][28]

Dual-track strategy

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While the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority maintains a long-term target for full site clearance by 2083, strategies in 2025-2026 have prioritized interim economic regeneration. This involves developing the site for innovation and skills hubs while simultaneously executing major structural reduction works to facilitate future flexibility.[6][7]

Small Modular Reactor (SMR) prospects

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The GBE-N/Rolls-Royce Programme

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Great British Energy – Nuclear (GBE-N) selected Rolls-Royce SMR as its preferred partner in June 2025, allocating £2.6 billion in the 2025 Spending Review to fund the programme. Following an assessment of Wylfa in North Wales and Oldbury-on-Severn in Gloucestershire, GBE-N confirmed Wylfa as the site for the UK's first government-backed SMR project in November 2025, explicitly ruling out Trawsfynydd for this initial phase due to constraints on site availability and generation capacity.[28][29][5]

In May 2026, GBE-N formally signed a contract with Rolls-Royce SMR to commence site-specific design, regulatory engagement, and planning for three 470MW units at Wylfa, supported by a £599 million loan from the National Wealth Fund for generic design work applicable to future UK and export projects.[28][5] While GBE-N acknowledged Cwmni Egino's (a Welsh Government company established to support the delivery of nuclear development at Trawsfynydd) progress and described Trawsfynydd as an "interesting site for future nuclear development," the organisation confirmed it would not be included in the first phase of deployment, which targets grid connection by the mid-2030s.[29][5]

The Cwmni Egino initiative

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The Welsh government has decided to redevelop the plant using small-scale reactors, as a step toward meeting the UK's targets for reducing carbon emissions. In 2021, the government chose Mike Tynan of Westinghouse to lead a company tasked with developing the new reactors.[4] On 20 May 2022, the government announced that the NDA will work with Cwmni Egino to develop land adjacent to the site for a 300 MW small modular reactor (SMR). Cwmni Egino said it would discuss with interested parties and hoped to announce plans within one year.[30] In December 2022, a second consortium presented its proposals to use their own design of SMR in competition to the original bid.[31]

The Welsh government took the decision to substantially cut Cwmni Egino's budget from £2 million in 2023/24 to £500,000 for 2024/25, following GBN's indication that Trawsfynydd was not favoured for first-of-a-kind SMR development.[29]

However, the UK Government has stated that Trawsfynydd could be a candidate for new nuclear in future and is one of a number of potential sites that could host new civil nuclear projects, subject to national planning policy, regulatory approvals and technical assessments.[32]

Innovation, Business and Skills Centre

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In February 2026, Cyngor Gwynedd's Cabinet endorsed a £20 million proposal to establish an Innovation, Business and Skills Centre at the Trawsfynydd site, intended as the first phase of a wider masterplan within the Snowdonia Enterprise Zone and North Wales AI Growth Zone. Designed to catalyze socio-economic regeneration in Meirionnydd, the multi-use hub will provide office, laboratory, and training facilities focused on nuclear decommissioning, low-carbon energy, AI, and emerging technologies. An outline business case was subsequently submitted to Ambition North Wales for Growth Deal funding.[33]

See also

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Citations

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References
  1. ^ "TRAWSFYNYDD-1". Public Reactor Information System. IAEA. 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  2. ^ "TRAWSFYNYDD-2". Public Reactor Information System. IAEA. 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  3. ^ a b "So just how do you decommission a nuclear power station?". www.walesonline.co.uk. 30 December 2015. The plans call for the waste to be moved from Trawsfynydd in the 2040s.
  4. ^ a b c "Wales advances its plans for small nuclear plants". Financial Times. 25 August 2021. Retrieved 17 September 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d Pashby, Tom (13 April 2026). "Rolls-Royce SMR secures Wylfa contract and £599M government loan". New Civil Engineer. Retrieved 22 May 2026.
  6. ^ a b c d "Major decommissioning contract awarded at Trawsfynydd site" (Press release). Nuclear Restoration Services. 7 October 2025. Retrieved 22 May 2026.
  7. ^ a b "Cyngor Gwynedd supports case for an Innovation, Business and Skills Centre at Trawsfynydd". www.gwynedd.llyw.cymru. Retrieved 22 May 2026.
  8. ^ Hirst, Clayton (21 December 2009). "Pulling down Snowdonia's power station would be a nuclear waste". The Guardian.
  9. ^ "The UK Magnox and AGR Power Station Projects" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
  10. ^ a b c "Industcards.com". www77.industcards.com. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009.
  11. ^ "POWER REACTORS 1969". Nuclear Engineering International: 119. February 1969.
  12. ^ An historical survey of Cubitts, from the Company's inception in 1810 to the present day Page 25, Cubitts, 1975
  13. ^ "Trollope & Colls". National Archives. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
  14. ^ "Trawsfynydd Nuclear Power Station | Canmore". canmore.org.uk.
  15. ^ Cadw. "Former Nuclear Power Station at Trawsfynydd: Dragon Square and Dame Sylvia Crowe Garden (PGW(Gd)64(GWY))". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  16. ^ "Paxman YL Engines". Richard Carr. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  17. ^ "Railways of North Wales 1975-1983: blaenauffestiniog:Trawsfynydd Branch 1".
  18. ^ Mitchell & Smith 2010, Photo 28.
  19. ^ Southern 1995, p. 71.
  20. ^ Mitchell & Smith 2010, Photo 66.
  21. ^ "Inquiry into radioactivity scare". The Independent. 22 April 1997. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  22. ^ "Clearance work on disused Trawsfynydd railway line to start". BBC News. 21 September 2016.
  23. ^ "Major nuclear company rebrands as 'Nuclear Restoration Services'". GOV.UK. Nuclear Decommissioning Authority. 31 October 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  24. ^ "NUCLEAR RESTORATION SERVICES LIMITED overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK". find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  25. ^ a b "How do you close a nuclear power station?". BBC. 28 October 2013. Archived from the original on 5 May 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  26. ^ "tower crane lifting team opportunities". Radius Group | Lifting Specialists. 25 February 2026. Retrieved 22 May 2026.
  27. ^ "So just how do you decommission a nuclear power station?". Wales Online. 30 December 2015. Retrieved 19 June 2017.
  28. ^ a b c "Great British Energy - Nuclear and Rolls-Royce SMR sign contract". GOV.UK. Retrieved 22 May 2026.
  29. ^ a b c "Trawsfynydd ruled out of new nuclear power plan". BBC News. 3 May 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2026.
  30. ^ Owen Hughes (20 May 2022). "Nuclear Decommissioning Authority and Cwmni Egino announce plan for Trawsfynydd nuclear development". Business Live.
  31. ^ "Second company reveals plans for a new nuclear power plant at Trawsfynydd". nation.cymru. 22 December 2023.
  32. ^ "Trawsfynydd Power Station - Question for Wales Office". UK Parliament - Written questions, answers and statements. 9 July 2025. Retrieved 22 May 2026.
  33. ^ "Cyngor Gwynedd supports case for an Innovation, Business and Skills Centre at Trawsfynydd". www.gwynedd.llyw.cymru. Retrieved 22 May 2026.
Bibliography
  • Mitchell, Vic; Smith, Keith (2010). Bala to Llandudno: Featuring Blaenau Ffestiniog. Midhurst, West Sussex: Middleton Press (MD). ISBN 978-1-906008-87-1.
  • Southern, D. W. (1995). Bala Junction to Blaenau Ffestiniog (Scenes from the Past, Railways of North Wales, No. 25). Stockport: Foxline Publishing. ISBN 1-8701-19-34-7.
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