Triodia (plant)
| Triodia | |
|---|---|
| Triodia pungens (green) and Triodia basedowii (blue-grey) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Monocots |
| (unranked): | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Genus: | Triodia |
| Synonyms[1][2] | |
|
Plectrachne Henrard | |
Triodia is a large genus of hummock-forming bunchgrass endemic to Australia. They are known by the common name spinifex, although they are not a part of the coastal genus Spinifex.[1] Many of the soft-leaved members of this species were formerly included in the genus Plectrachne.[3]
Contents
Description[edit]
Triodia is a perennial Australian tussock grass which grows in arid regions and has awl-shaped, pointed leaves. The leaf tips (high in silica) can break off in the skin, leading to infections. Leaves are 30–40 centimetres long.
Uses[edit]
Spinifex has traditionally had many uses for Australian Aborigines. The seeds were collected and ground to make seedcakes. Spinifex resin was an important adhesive used in spear-making. Smoke signals were made to communicate with families and groups a long distance away, as burning spinifex produces a strong black smoke.
The species Triodia wiseana is used for building shelters; bunched together it is used for trapping fish against creek beds. It is called baru in the languages of the Yindjibarndi and Ngarluma people, the English term is hard spinifex.[4]
Species[edit]
Species currently include:[5][6]
- Triodia acutispicula Lazarides
- Triodia aeria Lazarides
- Triodia angusta (Burbidge, N.T)
- Triodia aristiglumis (Lazarides) Lazarides
- Triodia aurita Lazarides
- Triodia barbata R.L.Barrett & M.D.Barrett
- Triodia basedowii E.Pritz. – buck spinifex
- Triodia biflora Lazarides
- Triodia bitextura Lazarides
- Triodia brizoides (Burbidge, N.T)
- Triodia bromoides (F.Muell.) Lazarides
- Triodia bunglensis (S.W.L.Jacobs) Lazarides
- Triodia bunicola (S.W.L.Jacobs) Lazarides – southern porcupine grass
- Triodia burbidgeana S.W.L.Jacobs
- Triodia bynoei (C.E.Hubb.) Lazarides
- Triodia caelestialis G.Armstr.
- Triodia claytonii Lazarides
- Triodia compacta (Burbidge, N.T) S.W.L.Jacobs
- Triodia concinna (Burbidge, N.T)
- Triodia contorta (Lazarides) Lazarides
- Triodia cremmophila R.L.Barrett & M.D.Barrett
- Triodia cunninghamii Benth.
- Triodia danthonioides (F.Muell.) Lazarides
- Triodia desertorum (C.E.Hubb.) Lazarides
- Triodia dielsii (C.E.Hubb.) Lazarides
- Triodia epactia S.W.L.Jacobs
- Triodia fissura Barrett, Wells & Dixon
- Triodia fitzgeraldii C.A.Gardner ex N.T.Burb.
- Triodia helmsii (C.E.Hubb.) Lazarides
- Triodia hubbardii (Burbidge, N.T)
- Triodia inaequiloba (Burbidge, N.T)
- Triodia integra Lazarides
- Triodia intermedia Cheel – winged spinifex
- Triodia inutilis (Burbidge, N.T)
- Triodia irritans (Brown, R) – porcupine grass
- Triodia lanata J.M.Black
- Triodia lanigera Domin
- Triodia latzii Lazarides
- Triodia longiceps J.M.Black
- Triodia longiloba Lazarides
- Triodia longipalea Lazarides
- Triodia marginata (Burbidge, N.T)
- Triodia melvillei (C.E.Hubb.) Lazarides
- Triodia microstachya (Brown, R)
- Triodia mitchellii Benth. – buck spinifex
- Triodia molesta (Burbidge, N.T) – porcupine grass
- Triodia pascoeana B.K.Simon
- Triodia plectrachnoides (Burbidge, N.T)
- Triodia plurinervata (Burbidge, N.T)
- Triodia procera (Brown, R)
- Triodia prona Lazarides
- Triodia pungens (Brown, R) – gummy spinifex
- Triodia racemigera C.A.Gardner
- Triodia radonensis S.W.L.Jacobs
- Triodia rigidissima (Pilg.) Lazarides
- Triodia roscida (Burbidge, N.T)
- Triodia salina Lazarides
- Triodia scariosa (Burbidge, N.T) – porcupine grass
- Triodia schinzii (Henrard) Lazarides
- Triodia secunda (Burbidge, N.T)
- Triodia spicata (Burbidge, N.T)
- Triodia stenostachya Domin
- Triodia tomentosa S.W.L.Jacobs
- Triodia triaristata Lazarides
- Triodia triticoides C.A.Gardner
- Triodia uniaristata (Lazarides) Lazarides
- Triodia vella Lazarides
- Triodia wiseana C.A.Gardner
Formerly included species[edit]
Numerous species once considered members of Triodia have been reclassified, they are in other genera, which include: Austrofestuca, Chascolytrum, Danthonia, Dasyochloa, Deschampsia, Diplachne, Disakisperma, Erioneuron, Gouinia, Graphephorum, Leptocarydion, Notochloe, Plinthanthesis, Poa, Puccinellia, Rytidosperma, Scolochloa, Spartina, Torreyochloa, Trichoneura, Tridens, Triplasis, Tripogon, and Vaseyochloa.[2]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b M. Lazarides (1997). "A revision of Triodia including Plectrachne (Poaceae, Eragrostideae, Triodiinae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 10 (3): 381–489. doi:10.1071/SB96012.
- ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1992 onwards. The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references. Version: 28 November 2005
- ^ Burndud (1990). Wanggalili; Yinjibarndi and Ngarluma Plants. Juluwarlu Aboriginal Corporation. p. 17.
- ^ "Triodia". The Plant List. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
- ^ Atlas of Living Australia
External links[edit]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to Triodia (botany). |