Typhoon Chan-hom (2015)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the 2015 tropical cyclone. For other storms of the same name, see Typhoon Chan-hom.
Typhoon Chan-hom (Falcon)
Typhoon (JMA scale)
Category 4 (Saffir–Simpson scale)
Chan-hom 2015-07-10 0230Z.png
Typhoon Chan-hom shortly after it peak intensity on July 10
Formed June 29, 2015
Dissipated July 13, 2015
Highest winds 10-minute sustained: 165 km/h (105 mph)
1-minute sustained: 220 km/h (140 mph)
Lowest pressure 935 mbar (hPa); 27.61 inHg
Fatalities 6 total
Damage $1.46 billion (2015 USD)
Areas affected Caroline Islands, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Japan, Taiwan, China, Korea, Russian Far East
Part of the 2015 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Chan-hom, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Falcon, was a large tropical cyclone which affected Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, China and Korea in July 2015. The ninth named storm of the annual typhoon season, Chan-hom was first discovered as a weak tropical disturbance embedded within active Intertropical Convergence Zone in late-June.

Meteorological history[edit]

Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale

On June 25, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)[nb 1] began monitoring a weak area of low pressure accompanied by intermittent bursts of convection —shower and thunderstorm activity— about 345 km (215 mi) south-southeast of Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia.[2] Drifting generally northward, the disturbance slowly organized within a region of low to moderate wind shear and favorable outflow aloft. Additionally, the circulation itself was being enhanced by a surge of westerly winds to the south.[3] Following further organization, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the low at 22:30 UTC on June 29 with the system located about 345 km (215 mi) northeast of Pohnpei.[4] Hours later at 00:00 UTC on June 30, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)[nb 2] classified the system as a tropical depression.[6] Convection steadily deepened over the center throughout the day and banding features began consolidating around the periphery.[7] Twelve hours after being declared a depression, the JMA upgraded the cyclone to a tropical storm and assigned it the name Chan-hom.[8][nb 3] The JTWC assessed Chan-hom to be slightly weaker at this time, initiating it as a tropical depression.[7]

Situated along the southern periphery of a subtropical ridge, Chan-hom moved steadily to the west.[7] Despite moderate wind shear, sufficient upper-level ventilation allowed for growth of the cyclone.[10] This shear kept the circulation center slightly displaced from the deepest convection for much of July 1.[11] Early on July 2, the large circulation of Chan-hom absorbed that of a smaller disturbance to its southeast.[12] A slight adjustment in track to the west-southwest occurred on this day. Dvorak satellite classifications indicated that the system reached typhoon intensity following an expansion of the central dense overcast; accordingly, both the JTWC and JMA classified Chan-hom as such by 15:00 UTC.[13][14] Shortly thereafter, strong wind shear stemming from a Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough (TUTT) cell to the northeast dramatically weakened the storm. Convection was stripped away from Chan-hom's center and the storm's forward motion abruptly slowed.[15][16] Alongside the shear, subsidence over the cyclone, a trough to the north, and a remnant vortex to the northeast all served to suppress convection.[17] By 12:00 UTC on July 3, Chan-hom had weakened to a tropical storm with winds of 85 km/h (50 mph).[18]

Tropical Storm Chan-hom over the Mariana Islands on July 5

Coinciding with Chan-hom's abrupt collapse on July 3, the system turned northeast as it entered a weakness in the ridge previously steering it west.[15][17] Later that day, the broad circulation turned north-northwest.[19] Wind shear began to abate early on July 4 as the aforementioned TUTT cell retreated to the north and the subtropical ridge steadily re-established itself. Owing to the lessened shear, convection started redeveloping over the tropical storm.[20] Late on July 4 into July 5, the center of Chan-hom skirted the southern coast of Rota in the Mariana Islands.[21][22] While near the island, Chan-hom executed an unusual counter-clockwise loop owing to interaction with a monsoon trough.[23][24] Once clear of the Mariana Islands, steady development ensued owing to low wind shear and good outflow.[25] Late on July 6, Chan-hom regained typhoon intensity owing to a burst in central convection.[26][27] Microwave satellite imagery indicated the formation of an eye as convection deepened and banding features tightened around the circulation.[28]

On July 7, the typhoon entered the Philippine area of Responsibility and was assigned the local name Falcon.[29] Chan-hom's eye briefly improved in structure before entering a state of flux and collapsing later that day; convection on the northern side of the storm diminished simultaneously.[30][31] The 65 km (40 mi) wide eye soon re-established itself and slowly contracted to a diameter of 40 km (25 mi) by July 8.[32][33] A large storm, gale-force winds extended 445 km (275 mi) from Chan-hom's center on July 9.[34] Late on July 9 into July 10, Chan-hom passed between the Japanese islands of Okinawa and Miyako-jima.[35] The typhoon reached its peak strength during this time with estimated winds of 165 km/h (105 mph) and a barometric pressure of 935 mbar (hPa; 27.61 inHg).[36] Featuring multiple intense feeder bands and a well-defined 27 km (17 mi) eye, the JTWC assessed Chan-hom to have peaked as a Category 4-equivalent typhoon on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale with one-minute sustained winds of 220 km/h (140 mph).[37]

An eyewall replacement cycle and weakening convection along the northern side resulted in steady weakening starting on July 10.[38][39] Increasing wind shear prevented the system from reorganizing as it neared East China.[40] Early on July 11, the typhoon reached the southwestern edge of the subtropical ridge and began turning to the north and later north-northeast.[41] Chan-hom made landfall in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, or roughly 140 km (80 mi) south-southeast of Shanghai, around 08:40 UTC.[42] The JMA assessed the storm to have had winds of 140 km/h (85 mph) while the JTWC estimated one-minute sustained winds at 155 km/h (100 mph).[41][43] Based on the JTWC estimate, Chan-hom was the strongest typhoon to pass within 160 km (100 mi) of Shanghai in at least 35 years.[42] Thereafter the storm accelerated north-northeast and moved over the cool waters of the Yellow Sea, prompting further degradation of its structure.[44] Chan-hom weakened below typhoon-force around 18:00 UTC.[45] The system's low-level center completely exposed on July 12 as it approached the Korean Peninsula.[46][47] Between 15:00 and 18:00 UTC, Chan-hom moved ashore over South Hwanghae Province, North Korea, with winds of 95 km/h (60 mph).[48][49] By 00:00 UTC on July 13 the system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while retaining gale-force winds.[50]

Preparations and impact[edit]

Mariana Islands[edit]

Philippines[edit]

Even though Chan-hom didn't affect the Philippines directly, both storms, Chan-hom and Linfa, enhanced the monsoon for several days which caused severe flooding throughout the country. After entering the Philippine area of responsibility on July 7, Chan-hom's circulation enhanced the southwest monsoon over portions of the country.[51] Heavy rains impacted portions of Luzon and the Western Visayas with various events resulting in five deaths. Four people also went missing when their boat sank amid strong winds off the coast of Pangasinan. A brief tornado caused minor damage in Iba, Zambales. Nearly 34,000 people were affected by the monsoon event. A total of 16 people were reported dead and agricultural losses reached 3.9 million (US$86,500) according to the NDRRMC as of July 14.[52]

Japan[edit]

Between July 9 and 10, 326 flights were canceled at Naha Airport, affecting more than 32,000 people. A total of 176 people sought refuge in public shelters. At the height of the storm, 42,000 people lost power across Okinawa Prefecture. Twenty-one people were injured, three seriously, in various incidents. Only two buildings were damaged.[53] Agricultural damage across Okinawa reached ¥524 million (US$4.2 million), most of which was sustained by the mango crop.[54]

Taiwan[edit]

Rainfall accumulations between July 10 and 11

China[edit]

Typhoon Chan-hom hours before making landfall in China on July 11

Due to the typhoon, more than 1 million people were evacuated in Zhejiang and nearly 30,000 ships were called back to port. 600 flights were reportedly canceled within the area.[55] Rainfall from the storm peaked around 400 mm (16 in) at Lai’ao in Sanmen County.[56] Throughout Zhejiang, 700 homes collapsed while another 1,400 were damaged.[57] According to the catastrophe modeling firm AIR Worldwide, insured losses were not expected to exceed ¥2.2 billion (US$354 million). However, total economic losses in the province amounted to ¥8.86 billion (US$1.43 billion).[56] In neighboring Jiangsu, 300 homes were damaged or destroyed and economic losses reached ¥120 million (US$19 million).[57] Total economic losses in the country tallied to ¥9.1 billion (US$1.46 billion), with agriculture and transportation suffering the most.[56]

Korean Peninsula[edit]

Chan-hom made landfall at close to 3 AM on Monday, July 13 southwest of Pyongyang, North Korea,[58] bringing needed rain to the country, which was experiencing a drought.[59] More than 150 domestic flights were cancelled in South Korea.[60]

Russian Far East[edit]

Heavy rain and high winds, peaking at 79 km/h (49 mph), from the remnants of Chan-hom impacted southern areas of Khabarovsk Krai on July 13–14.[61] The winds downed numerous trees, some of which fell on cars.[62] The towns of Bikin, Sovetskaya Gavan, and Vyazma, saw 40 to 80 mm (1.6 to 3.1 in) of rain or roughly 60–70 percent of their average monthly precipitation for July during the storm's passage.[61][62] Flooding affected dozens of homes in the region as rivers rose by 1 to 2 m (3.3 to 6.6 ft).[61] Power and telephone service was lost in 34 communities.[63] Ferry service between Vanino and Kholmsk was suspended, temporarily stranding 1,300 passengers.[62]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States NavyUnited States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[1]
  2. ^ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[5]
  3. ^ The name Chan-hom was submitted to the World Meteorological Organization by Laos and is a kind of tree.[9]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved July 9, 2013. 
  2. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). June 25, 2015. Archived from the original on June 28, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  3. ^ Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). June 26, 2015. Archived from the original on June 28, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  4. ^ Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). June 29, 2015. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  5. ^ "Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center 2000" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3. Retrieved July 9, 2013. 
  6. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. June 30, 2015. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  7. ^ a b c Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 01. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). June 30, 2015. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  8. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. June 30, 2015. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  9. ^ "List of names for tropical cyclones adopted by the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee for the western North Pacific and the South China Sea". Japan Meteorological Agency. 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  10. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 03. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 1, 2015. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  11. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 06. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 1, 2015. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  12. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 07. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 2, 2015. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  13. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 09. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 2, 2015. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  14. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 2, 2015. Archived from the original on July 3, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  15. ^ a b Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 11. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 3, 2015. Archived from the original on July 3, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  16. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 10. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 2, 2015. Archived from the original on July 3, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  17. ^ a b Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 12. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 3, 2015. Archived from the original on July 3, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  18. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 3, 2015. Archived from the original on July 3, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  19. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 14. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 3, 2015. Archived from the original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  20. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 15. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 4, 2015. Archived from the original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  21. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 18. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 4, 2015. Archived from the original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  22. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 19. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 5, 2015. Archived from the original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  23. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 20. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 5, 2015. Archived from the original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  24. ^ Clynt Ridgell (July 6, 2015). "Why Was Chan-Hom So Erratic? What's Next With Tropical Storm Nangka?". Pacific News Center. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  25. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 21. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 5, 2015. Archived from the original on July 5, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  26. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 25. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 6, 2015. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  27. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 6, 2015. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  28. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 27. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 7, 2015. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  29. ^ Severe Weather Bulletin No. 01 re Typhoon "Falcon" (PDF) (Report). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  30. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 28. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 7, 2015. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  31. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 29. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 7, 2015. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  32. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 30. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 7, 2015. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  33. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 33. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 8, 2015. Archived from the original on July 8, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  34. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 33. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 9, 2015. Archived from the original on July 9, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  35. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 38. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 9, 2015. Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  36. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 9, 2015. Archived from the original on July 9, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  37. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 39. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 10, 2015. Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  38. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 40. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 10, 2015. Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015. 
  39. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 41. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 10, 2015. Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015. 
  40. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 42. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 10, 2015. Archived from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015. 
  41. ^ a b Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 44. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 11, 2015. Archived from the original on July 11, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015. 
  42. ^ a b Jeff Masters (July 11, 2015). "Category 2 Typhoon Chan-hom Makes Landfall 80 Miles From Shanghai, China". Weather Underground. Retrieved July 16, 2015. 
  43. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 11, 2015. Archived from the original on July 11, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015. 
  44. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 46. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 11, 2015. Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015. 
  45. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 11, 2015. Archived from the original on July 11, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015. 
  46. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 48. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 12, 2015. Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015. 
  47. ^ Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 09W (Chan-hom) Warning Nr 49. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report) (United States Navy). July 12, 2015. Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015. 
  48. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 12, 2015. Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015. 
  49. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 12, 2015. Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015. 
  50. ^ "RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. July 13, 2015. Archived from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved July 16, 2015. 
  51. ^ "Falcon maintains strength, continues to bring monsoon rains". Manila, Philippines: CNN Philippines. July 8, 2015. Retrieved July 12, 2015. 
  52. ^ SitRep No. 09 re Effects of Enhanced Southwest Monsoon (PDF) (Report). National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council. July 14, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2015. 
  53. ^ Dave Ornauer (July 11, 2015). "Pacific Storm Tracker: Typhoon 09W (Chan-hom), # 51 Final". Stars and Stripes. Retrieved July 15, 2015. 
  54. ^ "台風9号被害5.2億 キビが全体の7割" (in Japanese). Yahoo! News. 琉球新報. July 14, 2015. Archived from the original on July 15, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2015. 
  55. ^ "Typhoon Chan-hom slams eastern China's Zhoushan city". CNN. July 12, 2015. 
  56. ^ a b c "Insured Losses Due to Typhoon Chan-hom Estimated at up to $2.2B". Claims Journal. July 16, 2015. Retrieved July 17, 2015. 
  57. ^ a b "颱風燦鴻致浙蘇滬300余萬人受災 經濟損失超85億" (in Chinese). 国际日报. 中國新聞網. July 14, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2015. 
  58. ^ "Typhoon Chan-hom Brought High Winds to Guam, Okinawa, China, Korea (RECAP)". 26 August 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015. 
  59. ^ Speta, Robert (13 July 2015). "Chan-hom impacts Korea and Japan (Monday Update)". Retrieved 16 September 2015. 
  60. ^ "Typhoon Chan-hom grounds domestic flights in South Korea". Daily Mail. 12 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015. 
  61. ^ a b c "Тайфун "Чан-Хом" затопил три района в Хабаровском крае" (in Russian). Ведомости. July 15, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2015. 
  62. ^ a b c Наталья Широкова (July 14, 2015). "Тайфун "Чан-Хом" завалил Хабаровск тополями" (in Russian). Российской газеты. Retrieved July 15, 2015. 
  63. ^ "Более 20 домов подтоплены в Хабаровском крае после тайфуна "Чан-Хом"" (in Russian). Khabarovsk, Russia: РИА Новости. July 15, 2015. Retrieved July 15, 2015. 

External links[edit]