Ambassadors of the United States
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This is a list of ambassadors of the United States to individual nations of the world, to international organizations, and to past nations, as well as ambassadors-at-large.[1]
Ambassadors are nominated by the President and confirmed by the U.S. Senate.[2] An ambassador can be appointed during a recess, but he or she can only serve as ambassador until the end of the next session of Congress unless subsequently confirmed.[3] Ambassadors serve "at the pleasure of the President", meaning they can be dismissed at any time.
An ambassador may be a career Foreign Service Officer or a political appointee. In most cases, career foreign service officers serve a tour of approximately three years per ambassadorship whereas political appointees customarily tender their resignations upon the inauguration of a new president. As embassies fall under the State Department's jurisdiction, ambassadors answer directly to the Secretary of State.
Contents
- 1 Current U.S. ambassadors
- 2 Ambassadors to international organizations
- 3 Ambassadors-at-Large
- 4 Other Chiefs of Mission
- 5 Special Envoys, Representatives and Coordinators
- 6 Nations without exchange of ambassadors
- 7 Selected past ambassadors
- 8 Ambassadors killed in office
- 9 Ambassadors to past countries
- 10 See also
- 11 Notes and references
- 12 External links
Current U.S. ambassadors[edit]
Ambassadors to international organizations[edit]
Current ambassadors from the United States to international organizations:
Ambassadors-at-Large[edit]
Current Ambassadors-at-Large from the United States with worldwide responsibility:[35][36]
| Portfolio | List | Ambassador | Website | Confirmed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Counterterrorism (Coordinator) | List | Vacant since February 22, 2016 | [38] | |
| Global AIDS Combat (Coordinator) | List | Deborah L. Birx | [39] | April 4, 2014 |
| Global Criminal Justice | List | Vacant | [40] | |
| Global Women's Issues | List | Vacant | [41] | |
| International Religious Freedom | List | Vacant | [42] | |
| Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons (Director) | List | Susan P. Coppedge | [43] | October 19, 2015 |
Other Chiefs of Mission[edit]
Senior diplomatic representatives of the United States hosted in posts other than embassies. Unlike other consulates, these persons report directly to the Secretary of State.
| Host country | List | Ambassador | Title | Website | Appointed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Curaçao[37] |
List | Margaret Hawthorne | Consul General and Chief of Mission | Curaçao | April 2016 |
 Hong Kong[38] |
List | Kurt Tong | Consul General and Chief of Mission | Hong Kong | August 27, 2016 |
 Jerusalem[39] |
List | Donald Blome | Consul General and Chief of Mission | Jerusalem | July 27, 2015 |
 Macau[38] |
List | Kurt Tong | Consul General and Chief of Mission | Hong Kong | August 27, 2016 |
 Taiwan |
List | Kin W. Moy | Director | Taipei | June 8, 2015 |
Special Envoys, Representatives and Coordinators[edit]
These diplomatic officials report directly to the Secretary of State. Many oversee a portfolio not restricted to one nation, often an overall goal, and are not usually subject to Senate confirmation.[40][36][41]
| Portfolio | Officeholder (Title) | Website | Appointed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan and Pakistan | Vacant since November 17, 2016 (Special Representative) Laurel Miller, acting |
[44] | |
| Arctic Region | Vacant since January 20, 2017 (Special Representative) | [45] | |
| Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation | Matthew Matthews (Senior Official) | [46] | May 17, 2015 |
| Assistance to Europe, Eurasia, and Central Asia | Alina Romanowski (Coordinator) | [47] | March 9, 2015 |
| Biological & Toxin Weapons Convention Issues | Robert Wood (Special Representative) | [48] | October 2, 2014 |
| Burma | Vacant since November 19, 2014 (Senior Advisor) | [49] | |
| Central African Republic | Stuart Symington (Special Representative) | [50] | April 21, 2014 |
| Civil Society and Emerging Democracies | Vacant since October 31, 2014 (Coordinator) | [51] | |
| Climate Change | Vacant since January 20, 2017 (Special Envoy) | [52] | |
| Closure of the Guantánamo Detention Facility | Vacant since January 20, 2017 (Special Envoy) | [53] | |
| Commercial and Business Affairs | Vacant (Special Representative) Margaret Hawley, acting |
[54] | |
| Conference on Disarmament | Robert Wood (Special Representative) | [55] | October 2, 2014 |
| Counterterrorism | Justin Siberell (Coordinator) | [56] | July 9, 2012 |
| Cyber Issues | Christopher Painter (Coordinator) | [57] | February 22, 2011 |
| Environment and Water Resources | Vacant (Special Representative) | [58] | |
| Fissile Material Negotiator | Michael Guhin (Senior Cutoff Coordinator) | [59] | August 10, 2009 |
| Global Coalition to Counter ISIL | Brett H. McGurk (Special Presidential Envoy) | [60] | November 13, 2015 |
| Global Criminal Justice | Todd Buchwald (Special Coordinator) | [61] | December 30, 2015 |
| Global Engagement Center | Vacant | [62] | |
| Global Food Security | Vacant (Special Representative) Ted Lyng, acting |
[63] | |
| Global Health Diplomacy | Deborah L. Birx (Special Representative/Ambassador) | [64] | April 14, 2014 |
| Global Partnerships | Vacant (Special Representative) Thomas Debass, acting |
[65] | |
| Global Youth Issues | Andy Rabens (Special Advisor) | [66] | October 19, 2014 |
| Great Lakes Region of Africa | Laurence D. Wohlers (Special Envoy) | [67] | January 2017 |
| Haiti | Kenneth Merten (Special Coordinator) | [68] | August 17, 2015 |
| Holocaust Issues | Thomas K. Yazdgerdi (Special Envoy) Stu Eizenstat (Special Advisor) |
[69] | August 22, 2016 December 18, 2013 |
| Hostage Affairs | James O'Brien (Special Presidential Envoy) | [70] | August 28, 2015 |
| Human Rights of LGBTI Persons | Randy W. Berry (Special Envoy) | [71] | April 13, 2015 |
| International Communications and Information Policy | Vacant (Coordinator/Ambassador) | [72] | |
| International Disabilities Rights | Vacant (Special Advisor) | [73] | |
| International Energy Affairs | Vacant (Special Envoy and Coordinator) Mary Warlick acting |
[74] | |
| International Information Programs | Vacant (Coordinator) Jonathan Henick, acting |
[75] | |
| International Information Technology Diplomacy | Catherine Novelli (Senior Coordinator) | [76] | April 22, 2014 |
| International Labor Affairs | Vacant (Special Representative) | [77] | |
| Iran Nuclear Implementation | Stephen Mull (Coordinator) | [78] | September 25, 2015 |
| Israel and the Palestinian Authority | Frederick Rudesheim (Security Coordinator) | [79] | January 2015 |
| Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations | Frank Lowenstein (Special Envoy) | [80] | July 1, 2014 |
| Knowledge Management | Vacant (Senior Coordinator) | [81] | |
| Libya | Vacant since January 20, 2017 (Special Envoy) | ||
| Middle East Transitions | Vacant (Special Coordinator) | [82] | |
| Minsk | Vacant (Senior Representative) | [83] | |
| Monitor and Combat Anti-semitism | Vacant (Special Envoy) | [84] | |
| Muslim Communities | Vacant (Special Representative) | [85] | |
| Nonproliferation and Arms Control | Vacant since June 10, 2010 (Special Advisor) | [86] | |
| North Korea Policy | Joseph Yun (Special Representative) | [87] | October 17, 2016 |
| North Korean Human Rights Issues | Robert King (Special Envoy) | [88] | November 24, 2009 |
| Northern Ireland Issues | Gary Hart (Presidential Representative) | [89] | October 22, 2014 |
| Nuclear Nonproliferation | Vacant (Special Representative of the President/Ambassador) | [90] | |
| Organization of Islamic Cooperation | Vacant since February 13, 2015 (Special Envoy) | [91] | |
| Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review | Vacant since July 6, 2015 (Special Representative) | [92] | |
| Religion and Global Affairs | Vacant (Special Representative) Amy Lillis, acting |
[93] | |
| Religious Minorities in the Near East and South/Central Asia | Knox Thames (Special Envoy) | [94] [95] | September 28, 2015 |
| Sanctions Policy | Daniel Fried (Coordinator) | [96] | January 28, 2013 |
| Science and Technology | Vacant (Advisor) | [97] | |
| Secretary Initiatives | Vacant (Special Advisor) | ||
| Senior Advisor to the Secretary | Vacant (Senior Advisor) | ||
| Six-Party Talks | Vacant since September 2015 (Special Envoy) | [98] | |
| Somalia | Vacant (Special Representative) | [99] | |
| Sudan and South Sudan | Vacant (Special Envoy) | [100] | |
| Syria | Michael Ratney (Special Envoy) | [101] | July 27, 2015 |
| Threat Reduction Programs | Bonnie Jenkins (Coordinator/Ambassador) | [102] | July 13, 2009 |
| Tibetan Issues | Vacant (Special Coordinator) | [103] | |
| Transparency | Janice Jacobs (Coordinator) | September 8, 2015 | |
| Ukraine Negotiations | Kurt Volker (Special Representative) | [104] | July 7, 2015 |
Nations without exchange of ambassadors[edit]
- Bhutan: According to the U.S. State Department, "The United States and the Kingdom of Bhutan have not established formal diplomatic relations; however, the two governments have informal and cordial relations".[42] Informal contact with the nation of Bhutan is maintained through the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi.[42]
- Iran: On April 7, 1980, the United States broke diplomatic relations with Iran after the 1979 Iranian Revolution.[43] On April 24, 1981, the Swiss government assumed representation of U.S. interests in Tehran, and Algeria assumed representation of Iranian interests in the United States.[44] Currently, Iranian interests in the United States are represented by the government of Pakistan. The U.S. Department of State named Iran a "State Sponsor of Terrorism" on January 19, 1984.[45]
- North Korea: The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is not on friendly terms with the United States, and while talks between the two countries are ongoing, there is no exchange of ambassadors. Sweden functions as Protective Power for the United States in Pyongyang and performs limited consular responsibilities for U.S. citizens in North Korea.[46]
- Taiwan: With the normalization of relations with the People's Republic of China in 1979, the United States has not maintained official diplomatic relations with Taiwan. Relations between Taiwan and the United States are maintained through an unofficial instrumentality, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office, with headquarters in Taipei and field offices in Washington, D.C., and twelve other U.S. cities. The Taipei Office of the American Institute in Taiwan, a non-profit, public corporation, functions as a de facto embassy, performing most consular functions and staffed by Foreign Service Officers who are formally "on leave."[47]
Selected past ambassadors[edit]
Well-known past ambassadors from the United States:
Ambassadors killed in office[edit]
Eight United States Ambassadors have been killed in office – six of them by armed attack and the other two in plane crashes.[48]
| Name | Ambassador to | Place | Country | Date of death | Killed by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laurence Steinhardt | Canada | Ramsayville, Ontario |  Canada |
March 28, 1950 | plane crash |
| John Mein | Guatemala | Guatemala City |  Guatemala |
August 28, 1968 | attack by Rebel Armed Forces |
| Cleo Noel | Sudan | Khartoum |  Sudan |
March 2, 1973 | attack by Black September |
| Rodger Davies | Cyprus | Nicosia |  Cyprus |
August 19, 1974 | attack during Greek Cypriot demonstration |
| Francis Meloy | Lebanon | Beirut |  Lebanon |
June 16, 1976 | attack by Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine |
| Adolph Dubs | Afghanistan | Kabul |  Afghanistan |
February 14, 1979 | attack by Settam-e-Melli |
| Arnold Raphel | Pakistan | Bahawalpur, |  Pakistan |
August 17, 1988 | plane crash |
| Chris Stevens | Libya | Benghazi |  Libya |
September 11, 2012 | attack by Ansar al-Sharia on a U.S. diplomatic mission |
Ambassadors to past countries[edit]
See also[edit]
- Chief of Protocol of the United States
- List of ambassadors to the United States
- List of United States Foreign Service Career Ambassadors
- List of LGBT ambassadors of the United States
Notes and references[edit]
- ^ "U.S. Ambassadors: Current List of Ambassadorial Appointments Overseas". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
- ^ U.S. Senate – Powers & Procedure Senate.gov Retrieved 25 May 2012.
- ^ Henry B. Hogue. "Recess Appointments: Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). Congressional Research Service, the Library of Congress. Retrieved 2012-05-25.
- ^ a b The U.S. Ambassador to Spain, resident at Madrid, is also accredited to Andorra.
- ^ a b c d e f g The United States Ambassador to Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean, resident in Bridgetown, Barbados, is concurrently accredited to Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
- ^ In 1989 the military government of Burma changed the name of the nation to Myanmar, but the United States government—and other Western governments—still refer to the country as Burma in official usage. See Myanmar.
- ^ Embassy suspended operations on December 28, 2012. French embassy acted as protecting power from April 25, 2013. Relations resumed from September 15, 2014
- ^ Department of State – Central African Republic: Resumption of Operations at Embassy Bangui
- ^ 7 FAM 1022 – Bilateral Protecting Power Arrangements
- ^ a b One ambassador, resident at Antananarivo, is accredited to Madagascar and Comoros.
- ^ DeLaurentis was the Chief of Mission of the U.S. Interests Section from August 2014 until the resumption of full diplomatic relations in July 2015.
- ^ a b c d e One ambassador, resident at Suva, is accredited to Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, Tonga, and Tuvalu. Source U.S. Embassy Suva.
- ^ a b As of December 2006, the U.S. ambassador to France is also accredited to Monaco.
- ^ a b One ambassador, resident at Libreville, is accredited to Gabon and São Tomé and Príncipe. Source: U.S. State Department
- ^ "Chargé d’Affaires Kent Logsdon". U.S. Embassy & Consulates in the Germany. Retrieved 2017-01-22.
- ^ a b One ambassador, resident at Dakar, is accredited to Guinea-Bissau and Senegal.
- ^ a b The U.S. Ambassador to Rome is also accredited to San Marino. The U.S. Consulate in Florence handles matters concerned with San Marino.
- ^ a b One ambassador, resident at Bern, is accredited to Switzerland and Liechtenstein.
- ^ a b One ambassador, resident at Colombo, is accredited to Maldives and Sri Lanka.
- ^ a b One ambassador, resident at Port Louis, is accredited to Mauritius and Seychelles.
- ^ Until December 2006, the United States and Monaco had no formal diplomatic relations (exchange of ambassadors). The U.S. Consul General in Marseille, France, under the authority of the U.S. Ambassador to France, managed relations with Monaco. In December 2006, the United States and Monaco upgraded from consular to full diplomatic relations and Ambassador Craig Stapleton (France) was accredited to Monaco. Source: Department of State: Background notes on Monaco, U.S. Embassy in France: U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Monaco.
- ^ Tim Broas, Ambassador Broas: “Reflections: U.S.-Dutch Relations and Our Shared Responsibility to Lead”, United States Department of State, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
- ^ a b One ambassador, resident at Wellington, is accredited to New Zealand and Samoa.
- ^ American citizens who travel to North Korea do so at their own risk and in some cases in violation of U.S. and/or UN sanctions.
- ^ a b Until 2005 one ambassador, resident at Manila, was accredited to the Philippines and Palau. Source: CIA World Factbook. Helen Reed-Rowe is the first ambassador to Palau to be confirmed in 2010.
- ^ a b c One ambassador, resident at Port Moresby, is accredited to Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu.
- ^ Managed through the U.S. Embassy in Kenya. The United States has no diplomatic relations with Somalia. The last ambassador to Somalia was James Bishop when the embassy in Mogadishu was closed on January 5, 1991. Source: U.S State Department.
- ^ "Virtual Presence Post Somalia".
- ^ The U.S. Embassy in Khartoum was closed on February 7, 1996. Timothy Carney was the last ambassador to Sudan. The embassy was reopened on May 23, 2002, with Jeffrey Millington as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim. There has been no U.S. ambassador in Khartoum since then. Source U.S. Department of State.
- ^ After formal relations were reestablished in 2010 after five years, the embassy was again suspended on February 6, 2014. Poland became the protecting power until its embassy closed on July 27, at which point the Czech Republic took responsibility.
- ^ The ambassador to the U.K. is known as the "Ambassador to the Court of St. James's."
- ^ "Chargé d'Affaires ad interim Lewis Lukens". U.S. Embassy & Consulates in the United Kingdom. Retrieved 2017-01-18.
- ^ President Chavez ordered the expulsion of the U.S. Ambassador, John Duddy, on September 11, 2008 in solidarity with the Bolivian government's decision to expel the U.S. Ambassador in La Paz. The U.S. Government ordered the reciprocal expulsion of the Venezuelan Ambassador in Washington. Source: U.S. Department of State Background Notes on Venezuela
- ^ The US neither recognizes Moroccan claims to sovereignty over Western Sahara. Sources: Western Sahara, Foreign relations of Western Sahara, Foreign relations of Morocco.
- ^ United States Ambassadors at Large
- ^ a b Assistant Secretaries and Other Senior Officials
- ^ While solely accredited to Curaçao, the Consul General is responsible for all the countries and special municipalities of the former Netherlands Antilles, including Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius.
- ^ a b The United States Consul General to Hong Kong, resident in Hong Kong, is concurrently accredited to Macau.
- ^ The Consul General to Jerusalem is also responsible for residents in the Palestinian territories.
- ^ "Special Envoys, Representatives and Coordinators". American Foreign Service Association. October 26, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
- ^ Alphabetical List of Bureaus and Offices
- ^ a b "Bhutan (08/04)". United States Department of State.
- ^ Goshko, John M.; Walsh, Edward (April 8, 1980). "U.S. Breaks Diplomatic Ties With Iran: Carter Breaks Ties, Orders Ouster of Iranian Diplomats". The Washington Post. p. A1.
- ^ "Former No. 2 Iran Diplomat To Be Allowed Back in U.S.". The Washington Post. April 25, 1980. p. A27.
- ^ "Chapter 3 - State Sponsors of Terrorism Overview". State.gov. Retrieved 2011-09-04.
- ^ "The Embassy | SwedenAbroad". www.swedenabroad.com. Retrieved 2016-10-10.
- ^ Roy, Denny (2003). Taiwan: a political history (1. publ. ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801488054.
- ^ "US Ambassadors Killed in the Line of Duty". Associated Press. 2012-09-12. Retrieved 2012-09-12.
External links[edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ambassadors of the United States. |
- Websites of U.S. Embassies and Consulates
- Principal Officers and Chiefs of Mission
- United States Mission to the United Nations
- US ambassadors killed in the line of duty
| Current countries |
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|---|---|
| Defunct countries | |
| Other places | |
| International organizations | |
| Ambassadors-at-large | |
