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USS Boston (1884)

Coordinates: 37°44′28″N 122°34′59″W / 37.741°N 122.583°W / 37.741; -122.583
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For other ships with the same name, see USS Boston and USS Despatch.

Boston (protected). Port bow
USS Boston in 1891
History
United States
NameBoston
NamesakeBoston, Massachusetts
Ordered23 July 1883
BuilderJohn Roach & Sons, Chester, Pennsylvania
Laid down15 November 1883
Launched4 December 1884
Commissioned2 May 1887
Decommissioned4 November 1893
Recommissioned15 November 1895
Decommissioned15 September 1899
Recommissioned11 August 1902
Decommissioned10 June 1907
Recommissioned18 June 1918
FateScuttled 8 April 1946
Notes
General characteristics
TypeProtected cruiser
Displacement3,189 long tons (3,240 t)
Length283 ft (86.3 m)
Beam42 ft (12.8 m)
Draft17 ft (5.2 m)
Installed power
Propulsion
  • Sails (as built)
  • 1 × shaft
Speed16.3 kn (18.8 mph; 30.2 km/h) on trials, 13 kn (15 mph; 24 km/h) designed
Range3,390 nmi (6,280 km; 3,900 mi) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Complement284 officers and men
Armament
Armor
NotesOne of the U.S. Navy's first four steel ships

The fifth USS Boston was a protected cruiser and one of the first steel warships of the "New Navy" of the 1880s. In some references she is combined with Atlanta as the Atlanta class, in others as the Boston class.

Boston was laid down on 15 November 1883 by John Roach & Sons, Chester, Pennsylvania, launched on 4 December 1884, and commissioned on 2 May 1887 at the New York Navy Yard, Captain Francis M. Ramsay in command.[1]

Design and construction

Boston was ordered as part of the "ABCD" ships, the others being the cruisers Atlanta and Chicago and the dispatch vessel Dolphin. All were ordered from the same shipyard, John Roach & Sons of Chester, Pennsylvania. However, when Secretary of the Navy William C. Whitney initially refused to accept Dolphin, claiming her design was defective, the Roach yard went bankrupt and Boston was completed at the New York Navy Yard, which had little experience with steel-hulled ships.[2]

As-built armament included two 8-inch (203 mm)/30 caliber Mark 1 guns,[3] six 6-inch (152 mm)/30 caliber Mark 2 guns,[4] two 6-pounder (57 mm (2.24 in)) guns, two 3-pounder (47 mm (1.85 in)) Hotchkiss revolving cannon, two 1-pounder (37 mm (1.46 in)) Hotchkiss revolving cannon, and two .45 caliber (11.4 mm) Gatling guns.[2] The 8-inch guns were initially in open barbettes with gun shields added later.[5]

Armor protection was light, with 2-inch (50.8 mm) gun shields and conning tower, and a 1.5-inch (38.1 mm) deck extending 100 feet (30 m) over the machinery spaces.[6]

The engineering plant included eight coal-fired cylindrical boilers producing 100 psi (690 kPa) steam and a horizontal compound engine producing 3,500 ihp (2,600 kW) driving one shaft.[2][5][6] Like the other "ABCD" ships, Boston was built with a sail rig to increase cruising range, later removed. The ship carried up to 490 tons of coal, with a cruising range as built of 3,390 nmi (6,280 km; 3,900 mi) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph).[2][7]

Refits

In 1900–01 Boston was rebuilt and the 6-inch guns were converted to rapid firing with brass case ammunition replacing powder bags. During her service with the Oregon Naval Militia 1911-16 she retained her original pair of 8"/30 guns and three of the 6"/30 guns, with a single 4-inch (102 mm)/40 caliber gun added.[2][8] All armament was removed prior to her conversion to a freighter in 1917.[6]

Service history

Pre-Spanish–American War

Boston, being the second cruiser of the New Navy completed, was not ready for active service until 1888. She then made a cruise to Guatemala and Haiti to protect American citizens. She joined the Squadron of Evolution on 30 September 1889 and cruised to the Mediterranean and South America from 7 December 1889 to 29 July 1890, and along the east coast in 1891. Boston departed New York on 24 October 1891 for the Pacific via Cape Horn, arriving at San Francisco on 2 May 1892. Except for a prospective Pacific Squadron commanding officer's cruise to the Hawaiian Islands from 11 August 1892 to 10 October 1893 (in which she provided a shore party in January 1893 that bolstered the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy), she remained on the West Coast until laid up at Mare Island Navy Yard on 4 November 1893.[1]

Spanish–American War

Recommissioned on 15 November 1895, Boston joined the Asiatic Squadron at Yokohama, Japan on 25 February 1896. She remained in the Orient protecting American interests for the next four years and during the Spanish–American War took part in the Battle of Manila Bay on 1 May 1898 and the capture of Manila on 13 August 1898. From 4 October to 23 December, Boston and other ships deployed to Taku in China to protect American interests in the wake of a coup d'etat by the Empress Dowager Cixi. Following this, Boston remained in the Philippines assisting in their pacification until 8 June 1899.[1]

Post-war

Boston returned to San Francisco on 9 August 1899 and went out of commission at Mare Island Navy Yard on 15 September 1899. She remained out of commission until 11 August 1902 and then rejoined the Pacific Squadron. On 7 November 1903, Boston was the first ship of the Pacific Squadron to arrive near Panama to support that country's newly declared independence; a key event in the creation of the Panama Canal. She then cruised in South America, Hawaii, and the US West Coast. From 16 to 25 June 1905, she helped represent the Navy at the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition at Portland, Oregon, and from 23 April – 10 May 1906 she helped care for the victims of the San Francisco earthquake and fire. In April 1907 she carried a Honduran peace delegation that ended the Honduran-Nicaraguan War. She went out of commission again at Puget Sound Navy Yard on 10 June 1907.[1]

USS Despatch (IX-2) (ex-Boston) at Yerba Buena Island, shortly before her scuttling in 1946.

From 15 June 1911 to September 1916, she served as a training vessel with the Oregon Naval Militia.[1]

World War I

With the United States declaration of war on Germany in April 1917, Boston was loaned to the United States Shipping Board from 24 May 1917 – June 1918. Boston was converted to a freighter by Seattle Construction & Drydock in 1917–1918. Her guns were most likely removed when she was laid up at Bremerton between September 1916 and March 1917. On 18 June 1918, she was recommissioned at Mare Island Navy Yard as a receiving ship and towed to Yerba Buena Island, California, where she served as a receiving ship until 1940.[1]

World War II

She was renamed Despatch, the sixth U.S. Navy ship to bear that name, on 9 August 1940, thus freeing her original name for use on the new heavy cruiser Boston (CA-69). From 1940 to October 1945, she was used as a radio school. The old ship was redesignated IX-2 on 17 February 1941.[1]

Despatch was towed to sea and sunk off San Francisco on 8 April 1946.[1]

Legacy

Boston was one of a very few U.S. Navy ships to have served in the Spanish–American War and both world wars. Her 60-year career was one of the longest in the history of the U.S. Navy. At the time of the Second World War, Boston and Olympia were the only surviving ships from the Battle of Manila Bay.

Both of Boston's 8-inch (203-mm) guns were placed at the new Seattle Naval Hospital in 1942. After the hospital closed, the guns went with the site to the new Firlands Sanitarium owned by King County in 1947. At some point after 1952, the guns were moved to Hamlin Park, in Shoreline, Washington.[9][10] However, county records do not indicate when the guns were placed in the park or why it was done.[11] Of the two guns displayed at Hamlin Park, the easternmost gun bears a plaque which states that the gun fired the first shot of the Battle of Manila Bay.

Awards

Boston's landing force on duty at the Arlington Hotel, Honolulu, at the time of the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, January 1893.[12]

Boston/Despatch earned the following awards in her career spanning six decades:

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Boston V (Protected Cruiser)". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command. 26 June 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d e Friedman, pp. 18-22, 457
  3. ^ DiGiulian, Tony, US 8"/30 guns at Navweaps.com
  4. ^ DiGiulian, Tony, US 6"/30 and 6"/35 guns at Navweaps.com
  5. ^ a b Gardiner and Chesneau, p. 150
  6. ^ a b c Bauer and Roberts, p. 141
  7. ^ Gibbons, pp. 232
  8. ^ DiGiulian, Tony, US 4"/40 guns at Navweaps.com
  9. ^ Photos of Boston's guns at NavSource.org
  10. ^ Photos of Boston's guns at The SunBreak.com
  11. ^ Seattle Post-Intelligencer Archives (dead link 2015-05-12)
  12. ^ U.S. Navy History site photos, USS Boston landing force

Public Domain This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.

Bibliography

USS Boston c. 1891
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37°44′28″N 122°34′59″W / 37.741°N 122.583°W / 37.741; -122.583

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