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Ukita Hideie

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In this Japanese name, the surname is Ukita.
Ukita Hideie
宇喜多 秀家
Head of Ukita clan
In office
1582–1600
Preceded byUkita Naoie
Succeeded byUkita Hidetaka
Personal details
Born1572
Bizen Province, Japan
Died17 December 1655(1655-12-17) (aged 82–83)
Hachijōjima, Japan
SpouseGōhime
ChildrenUkita Hideitaka
Ukita Hideetsugu
Yuki no Kata
Parent
RelativesMaeda Toshiie (father-in-law)
Toyotomi Hideyoshi (adopted father, father-in-law)
Ukita Tadaie (uncle)
Military service
Allegiance Toyotomi clan
Western Army
RankDaimyo
Unit Ukita clan
CommandsOkayama Castle
Battles/warsInvasion of Shikoku(1585)
Kyushu Campaign (1587)
Siege of Odawara (1590)
Korean Campaign (1592-1598)
Battle of Sekigahara (1600)

Ukita Hideie (宇喜多 秀家; 1572 – December 17, 1655) was a Japanese Samurai and the daimyō of Bizen and Mimasaka Provinces (modern Okayama Prefecture), and one of the council of Five Elders appointed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi.[1] Son of Ukita Naoie, he married Gōhime, a daughter of Maeda Toshiie. Having fought against Tokugawa Ieyasu in the Battle of Sekigahara he was exiled to the island prison of Hachijō-jima, where he died.

Early life

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Ukita Hideie hata-jirushi, banner

Hideie's father Ukita Naoie was daimyō of Bizen province and initially opposed, but later sided with Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi.[2] Naoie died in 1582, and Hideie became the head of the Ukita clan. As Hideie was still young (10 years old), it was Hideie's uncle (Ukita Tadaie) who acted as leader of the Ukita army until Hideie coming of age, in particular, Tadaie served on behalf of Hideie as a commander in numerous battles (under Toyotomi Hideyoshi). However, during the siege of Bitchū Takamatsu Castle in 1582, Nobunaga was assassinated on June 2 of that year, but the siege continued until the castle fell two days later. Hideyoshi raced back to Kyoto, leaving the Ukita clan in charge of Bizen, Mimasaka and newly taken parts of Bitchū Province. The Ukita were also to keep watch on Mōri Terumoto to the west.

In 1585, Hideie's forces under Ukita Tadaie led 23,000 men Toyotomi's forces in the Shikoku campaign against Chosokabe Motochika.[3]

In 1586, Hideie was married to Hideyoshi's adopted daughter, Gōhime. (She had been adopted by Hideyoshi from Maeda Toshiie).[4] Later, he participated in the Kyushu Conquest in 1587.

In 1590, Hideie joined Hideyoshi's military campaigns in the Odawara campaign against Hōjō Ujimasa.

Following the unification of Japan under Hideyoshi, in 1592, Hideyoshi appointed Hideie as field marshal for the First Korean campaigns, in which he commanded the "Reserves Division". In 1593, he was wounded in the failed siege of Haengju.

Later in 1597, Hideie became a "Chief Commander Army of the Left" in the Second Korean campaigns, returning in 1598 to serve as one of Hideyoshi's five counselors (Council of Five Elders) along with Maeda Toshiie, Uesugi Kagekatsu, Mōri Terumoto, and Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Ukita clan riot

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In 1599, a riot occurred within the Ukita clan, as several of Ukita clan vassals such as Togawa Tatsuyasu,[5] Sadatsuna Oka, and others rebelled against Hideie.[6]

The reason was the perceived Hideie's favoritism towards Nakamura Jirobe, which further escalates into an armed rebellion which even Hideie could not resolve.[6] The Togawa Family Genealogy, written later by the son of Togawa Tatsuyasu, who left the Ukita family at this time, provides a more detailed account. The Togawa Family Genealogy first cites the chaos within the domain caused by the comprehensive land survey carried out by Nakamura Jirobei, Osafune Kii-no-kami, and Ukita Tarozaemon.[7] However, the Otoya no Shomon (Book of Otoya) argues that the conflict was caused by Nakamura's redistribution of fiefs in response to complaints from minor retainers who were discriminated after senior retainers such as Tatsuyasu appropriated the lands near the castle for themselves.[8] Another factor that made those vassals brazenly defied Jirobe was the perceived loss og Toyotomi central government's backing towards Hideie, and the death of Osafune Kii-no-kami, an Ukita senior vassal who was respected enough to prevent the turbulence from dissatisfied another Ukita clan vassals from defying their lord.[9][10]

In January 1600, the conflict grew even more serious as Hideie's close aide, Nakamura Iemasa, was threatened by the rebellious Ukita clan vassals, causing Hideie to flee from Fushimi to Osaka.[11] The rebels which led by Sakazaki Naomori, Togawa Tatsuyasu, Oka Echizen-no-kami, and Hanabusa Hidenari planned to attack Nakamura Jirobei, but the plan was discovered before it could be launched, and Nakamura successfully escaped. Enraged, Hideie summoned Togawa to Otani Yoshitsugu 's residence and attempted to kill him, but Togawa was rescued by Sakyo-no-jo. Togawa then moved to Sakyo-no-jo's residence in Tamatsukuri , Osaka, where he, along with Oka and Hanabusa, shaved their heads and barricaded themselves inside.[12]

In response, Sakakibara Yasumasa and Ōtani Yoshitsugu, were appointed as inspectors to mediate this incident.[13] As mediation lacked progress, Yoshitsugu finally decided to allow the rebellious senior vassals to leave the Ukita household. The Todai-ki records that Yoshitsugu believed the senior retainers were at fault, while leyasu believed Hideie was the one who responsible.[11][14] In the end, Yasumasa successfully reconciled the case, and the armed riot was resolved without bloodshed.[13]

However, the aftermath of this incident caused many of Hideie retainers to defect from Hideie's clan.[6] Approximately, 70 samurai lords who served the Ukita clan now leave their service.[15] Some retainers, such as Sakazaki Naomori, who was Hideie’s cousin, changed their allegiance into the master of Yasumasa, which is Ieyasu Tokugawa. These defections caused massive setback for the Ukita clan politically and militarily while strengthening the Tokugawa clan.[13]

Battle of Sekigahara

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Main article: Battle of Sekigahara

Ukita Hideie took part at the Battle of Sekigahara. In the field, his army fought against Fukushima Masanori. Hideie's forces began to wane and were steadily overcome by the forces of Fukushima Masanori due to the latter's superior troop quality.[16] The disparity in combat effectiveness may have been attributable to the prior insurrection within the Ukita clan, which caused many senior samurai vassals of the Ukita to desert and join the Tokugawa faction.[13] Hideie was thereby forced to enter Sekigahara with fresh recruits of rōnin mercenaries to fill the gap left within his army. This proved fatal over the course of long-term combat against the Fukushima clan's more disciplined and trained regular troops; the Ukita clan ranks began to break and finally collapse under pressure despite outnumbering the Fukushima.[16]

Exile

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After the Battle of Sekigahara, the Ukita clan was stripped of its title by Ieyasu , but Hideie managed to escape capture. According to the Keicho Chu Bokusai-ki and Naniwa Tsune no Kyuki, Hideie fled with Shindo Masatsugu toward Mount Ibuki , was sheltered by a farmer for a while, and then had Naniwa Hidetsune and his retainers come from Kamigata to pick him up. He then hid in Kamigata, then fled to Satsuma Province , relying on Shimazu Yoshihiro , who was also on the Western Army. [17]

One of the defectors, Kobayakawa Hideaki, was granted Okayama Castle and surrounding Ukita territories by the Tokugawa as a reward for his betrayal, which is believed to have been the decisive factor in the Tokugawa victory. Hideie was angered by the betrayal and initially intended to hunt down Kobayakawa for a man-to-man duel but was stopped by his advisors. After escaping the battle, he went into hiding in Satsuma Province where his former allies protected him for several years.[citation needed]

However, in December 1602, a peace agreement was concluded between the Tokugawa and Shimazu clans, and Shimazu Tadatsune went to Kyoto to meet Ieyasu.[18][19] At this time, Tadatsune revealed Hideie's hiding place, and his extradition was initiated.[20][21]

On August 20, Tadatsune sent a letter to Nishisho Shodai of Shokoku-ji Temple requesting Hideie's life, and in the same letter, he also mentioned that he had requested Honda Masazumi and Yamaguchi Naotomo to spare Hideie's life.[22]

Hideie was then confined in Mt. Kuno in Suruga Province instead. Later, he was forced to appear before Tokugawa himself where he was sentenced to exile on the island of Hachijō-jima, along with several supporters, including his two sons. Gohime, (Hideie's wife) sought refuge with the Maeda clan and was able to correspond and send gifts (rice, sake, clothing) to her husband and sons from there.[citation needed]

On August 6 1603, Hideie left Satsuma for Fushimi.[23]

Hideie passed away on November 20, 1655 (the first year of the Meireki era).[24]

Family

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Notes

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  1. ^ Kodansha. (1983). "Ukita Hideie", in Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan, Vol. 8, pp. 137–138.
  2. ^ "朝日日本歴史人物事典「宇喜多直家」の解説". kotobank. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
  3. ^ Turnbull, Stephen (1998). The Samurai Sourcebook. London: Cassell & Co. p. 236. ISBN 9781854095237.
  4. ^ "朝日日本歴史人物事典「宇喜多秀家」の解説". kotobank. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
  5. ^ "2". 日本戦史‧関原役: 第五篇 [Japanese War History‧Sekihara Role: Part 5].[1]
  6. ^ a b c Yasumasa Onishi (2019). 「豊臣政権の貴公子」宇喜多秀家 [Noble Prince of the Toyotomi Administration Hideie Ukita]. 角川新書. KADOKAWA.
  7. ^ Ōnishi Yasumasa (2019, pp. 148–149)
  8. ^ Ōnishi Yasumasa (2019)
  9. ^ Ōnishi Yasumasa & 2019 , p. 221)
  10. ^ Ōnishi Yasumasa & 2020 , pp. 172–175)
  11. ^ a b Yasumasa Onishi (2020-09-16). "Chapter 3: The True Nature of the Ukita Disturbance". 宇喜多秀家 秀吉が認めた可能性 [Ukita Hideie: The Possibilities Recognized by Hideyosh]. 中世から近世へ (in Japanese). 平凡社. ISBN 978-4-582-47749-8.
  12. ^ Ōnishi Yasumasa & 2020 , pp. 176–179)
  13. ^ a b c d 大西泰正 (2010). 豊臣期の宇喜多氏と宇喜多秀家 (in Japanese). 岩田書院. p. 99. ISBN 9784872946123. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  14. ^ Ishihata Masamoto (2014). "宇喜多騒動の再検討-『鹿苑日記』慶長五年正月八日条の解釈をめぐって-" [Reexamination of the Ukita Disturbance: Regarding the Interpretation of the Entry for January 8, 1600, in the Rokuon Diary,]. 織豊期研究 (14). cited by:Moriwaki Takafumi, ed. (2024). 宇喜多秀家 [Ukita Hideie]. 織豊大名の研究 12. 戎光祥出版. pp. 108–110. ISBN 978-4-86403-545-3.
  15. ^ Ōnishi Yasumasa & 2020 , pp. 182–195)
  16. ^ a b Watanabe Daimon (2023). "福島正則は関ヶ原本戦で宇喜多秀家を打ち破り、東軍を勝利に導いた". yahoo.co.jp/expert/articles/ (in Japanese). 渡邊大門 無断転載を禁じます。 © LY Corporation. Archived from the original on 2025-11-13. Retrieved 3 June 2024. Watanabe Daimon, The Complete History of the Battle of Sekigahara 1582–1615 (Soshisha, 2021)
  17. ^ Ōnishi Yasumasa & 2020 , pp. 213–220)
  18. ^ Ōnishi Yasumasa & 2020 , p. 227)
  19. ^ Ōnishi Yasumasa & 2020 , p. 235)
  20. ^ Ōnishi Yasumasa & 2020 , p. 227)
  21. ^ Ōnishi Yasumasa & 2020 , p. 235)
  22. ^ Ōnishi Yasumasa & 2020 , pp. 227–228)
  23. ^ Ōnishi Yasumasa & 2020 , pp. 227)
  24. ^ Ōnishi Yasumasa & 2019 , pp. 242)

References

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  • Ōnishi Yasumasa (2019). 「豊臣政権の貴公子」宇喜多秀家 [Ukita Hideie: "A Nobleman of the Toyotomi Government"]. 角川新書 (in Japanese). 株式会社KADOKAWA. ISBN 978-4-04-082287-7., September 10
  • Ōnishi Yasumasa (2020). 宇喜多秀家 秀吉が認めた可能性 [Ukita Hideie: The Possibilities Recognized by Hideyoshi]. 中世から近世へ (in Japanese). 平凡社. ISBN 978-4-582-47749-8., September 16
  • Kodansha. (1983). "Ukita Hideie," in Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan. Tokyo: Kodansha. OCLC 233144013
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1582–1600 		Succeeded by
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