1820–21 United States House of Representatives elections
(Redirected from United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina, 1821)
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All 187[a] seats in the United States House of Representatives 94 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1820–21 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between July 3, 1820, and August 10, 1821. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 17th United States Congress convened on December 3, 1821. They coincided with President James Monroe winning reelection unopposed.
In March 1820, seven House seats transferred from Massachusetts to Maine after the latter seceded from the former to become a separate state. The size of the House then increased to 187 seats after Missouri achieved statehood in 1821.
The virtually nonpartisan Era of Good Feelings, a period of national political dominance by the Democratic-Republican Party, continued. Despite small gains, the Federalist Party remained relegated to limited state and local influence.
Election summaries[edit]
One seat was added during this Congress for the new State of Missouri[1]
| 155 | 32 |
|---|---|
| Democratic-Republican | Federalist |
| State | Type | ↑ Date | Total seats |
Democratic-Republican | Federalist | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||||
| Louisiana | At-large | July 3–5, 1820 | 1 | 1 | 
|
0 |
| |
| Illinois | At-large | August 7, 1820 | 1 | 1 |
|
0 |
| |
| Indiana | At-large | August 7, 1820 | 1 | 1 |
|
0 |
| |
| Kentucky | Districts | August 7, 1820 | 10 | 10 |
|
0 |
| |
| Mississippi | At-large | August 7–8, 1820 | 1 | 1 |
|
0 |
| |
| New Hampshire | At-large | August 18, 1820 | 6 | 6 |
|
0 |
| |
| Missouri | At-large | August 28, 1820 | 1 | 1 |  1
|
0 |
| |
| Rhode Island | At-large | August 29, 1820 | 2 | 2 |
|
0 |
| |
| Vermont | District | September 5, 1820[b] | 6 | 6 |
|
0 |
| |
| Georgia | At-large | October 2, 1820 | 6 | 6 |
|
0 |
| |
| Maryland | Districts | October 2, 1820 | 9 | 6 |
|
3 |
| |
| Delaware | At-large | October 3, 1820 | 2 | 1 |
|
1 |
| |
| South Carolina | Districts | October 9–10, 1820 | 9 | 9 |
|
0 |
| |
| Ohio | Districts | October 10, 1820 | 6 | 6 | 1
|
0 |  1
| |
| Pennsylvania | Districts | October 10, 1820 | 23 | 15 | 4
|
8 | 4
| |
| Massachusetts | Districts | November 6, 1820[c] | 13[d] | 6 | 1[e]
|
7 | 1[e]
| |
| Maine[f] | Districts | November 7, 1820[g] | 7 | 5 | 1[h]
|
2 | 1[h]
| |
| New Jersey | At-large | November 7, 1820 | 6 | 6 |
|
0 |
| |
| Late elections (after the March 4, 1821, beginning of the term) | ||||||||
| Virginia | Districts | April 1821 | 23 | 21 | 1
|
2 | 1
| |
| Connecticut | At-large | April 2, 1821 | 7 | 7 |
|
0 |
| |
| New York | Districts | April 24–26, 1821 | 27 | 19 | 2
|
8 | 2
| |
| Alabama | At-large | August 5–6, 1821 | 1 | 1 |
|
0 |
| |
| North Carolina | Districts | August 9, 1821 | 13 | 12 | 2
|
1 | 2
| |
| Tennessee | Districts | August 9–10, 1821 | 6 | 5[i] | 1
|
0 |
| |
| Total[a] | 187 | 155 82.9% |
5
|
32 17.1% |
6
| |||
Special elections[edit]
There were special elections in 1820 and 1821 to the 16th United States Congress and 17th United States Congress.
Special elections are sorted by date then district.
16th Congress[edit]
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member / Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Virginia 17 | James Pleasants | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent resigned December 14, 1819, when elected U.S. Senator. New member elected January 3, 1820.[2] Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated January 18, 1820.[3] Successor later re-elected in the April 1821 election to the next term; see below. |
|
| New Jersey at-large | John Condit | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent resigned November 4, 1819, to become assistant collector of the Port of New York.[3] New member elected February 2, 1820. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated February 16, 1820.[3] Successor was not a candidate in the November 7, 1820, election for the next term; see below. |
|
| Virginia 10 | George F. Strother | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent resigned February 10, 1820, to become as Receiver of Public Monies in St. Louis, Missouri. New member elected in August 1820.[5] Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated November 13, 1820.[3] Successor later re-elected in the April 1821 election to the next term; see below. |
|
| Michigan Territory at-large | William Woodbridge | Unknown | 1819 | Incumbent resigned August 9, 1820, due to family illness. New delegate elected sometime in 1820. Successor seated November 20, 1820. Successor later re-elected; see below. |
|
| Virginia 1 | James Pindall | Federalist | 1817 | Incumbent resigned July 6, 1820. New member elected sometime in 1820.[7] Democratic-Republican gain. Successor seated November 13, 1820.[3] Successor later re-elected in the April 1821 election to the next term; see below. |
|
| Virginia 20 | James Johnson | Democratic-Republican | 1813 | Incumbent resigned when appointed as collector of customs in Norfolk. New member elected sometime in 1820. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated November 13, 1820.[3] Successor later lost re-election in the April 1821 election to the next term; see below. |
|
| Kentucky 9 | Tunstall Quarles | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent resigned June 15, 1820. New member elected August 7, 1820. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor was also elected to the next term; see below. Successor seated November 13, 1820.[3] |
|
| Kentucky 6 | David Walker | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent died March 1, 1820. New member elected August 7, 1820. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor was also elected to the next term; see below. Successor seated November 13, 1820.[3] |
|
| Massachusetts 13 | Edward Dowse | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent resigned. New member elected August 21, 1820. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor later re-elected in the November 6, 1820, election to the next term; see below. Successor seated November 13, 1820.[3] |
|
| Pennsylvania 5 | David Fullerton | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent resigned May 15, 1820. New member elected October 10, 1820. Federalist gain. Successor was not a candidate in the same day's election for the next term; see below. Successor seated November 13, 1820.[3] |
|
| Massachusetts 1 | Jonathan Mason | Federalist | 1817 (special) | Incumbent resigned May 15, 1820, to pursue his law practice. New member elected on the second ballot November 6, 1820. Democratic-Republican gain.[j] Successor also elected the same day to the next term; see below. Successor seated November 27, 1820.[3] |
First ballot (October 23, 1820):
Second ballot (November 6, 1820):
|
| Maine at-large | John Holmes | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent's seat moved from Massachusetts's 14th district but incumbent resigned when elected U.S. Senator. New member elected November 7, 1820. Federalist gain. Successor also elected the same day in the 1st district to the next term; see below. Successor seated December 11, 1820.[3] |
|
| Massachusetts 8 | Zabdiel Sampson | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent resigned July 26, 1820. New member elected November 24, 1820 on the second ballot. Successor seated December 18, 1820.[3] Successor was already elected to the next term; see below. |
First ballot (October 16, 1820):
Second ballot (November 24, 1820):
|
| Pennsylvania 7 | Joseph Hiester | Democratic-Republican | 1798 1804 (retired) 1814 |
Incumbent resigned in December 1820 when elected Governor of Pennsylvania. New member elected December 10, 1820. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor had not been a candidate in the October 10, 1820, election for the next term; see below. Successor seated January 8, 1821.[3] |
|
| North Carolina 4 | Jesse Slocumb | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent died December 20, 1820. New member elected February 7, 1821. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated February 7, 1821.[3] Successor later re-elected in the August 9, 1821, election to the next term; see below. |
|
17th Congress[edit]
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Kentucky 7 | George Robertson | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent resigned sometime before the start of the new Congress. New member elected August 6, 1821.[13] Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated December 3, 1821.[14] |
|
| New Jersey at-large | John Linn | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent died January 5, 1821. New member elected October 8, 1821. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated December 3, 1821.[14] |
|
| Ohio 4 | John C. Wright | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent member-elect declined to serve in the next term and resigned March 3, 1821. New member elected October 9, 1821. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated December 3, 1821.[14] |
|
| Pennsylvania 5 | James Duncan | Democratic-Republican | 1820 | Incumbent resigned in April 1821. New member elected October 9, 1821. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated December 12, 1821.[14] |
|
| Pennsylvania 10 | William Cox Ellis | Federalist | 1820 | Incumbent resigned July 20, 1821. New member elected October 9, 1821. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated December 12, 1821.[14] |
|
| New York 6 | Selah Tuthill | Democratic-Republican | 1821 | Incumbent died September 7, 1821. New member elected November 6–8, 1821. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated December 3, 1821.[14] |
|
| South Carolina 9 | John S. Richards | Democratic-Republican | 1820 | Member-elect declined to serve. New member elected sometime in 1821. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated December 3, 1821.[14] |
|
| Kentucky 8 | Wingfield Bullock | Democratic-Republican | 1820 | Incumbent died October 13, 1821. New member elected November 22, 1821.[17] Democratic-Republican hold. Successor seated January 2, 1822.[14] |
|
Alabama[edit]
Alabama elected its member August 5–6, 1821, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Alabama at-large | John Crowell | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
Arkansas Territory[edit]
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Connecticut[edit]
Connecticut elected its members April 2, 1821, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Connecticut at-large 7 seats on a general ticket |
James Stevens | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Jonathan O. Moseley | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Gideon Tomlinson | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Elisha Phelps | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| John Russ | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Henry W. Edwards | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Samuel A. Foot | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
Delaware[edit]
Delaware elected its members October 3, 1820.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Delaware at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Louis McLane | Federalist | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Willard Hall | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
Georgia[edit]
Georgia elected its members October 2, 1820.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Georgia at-large 6 seats on a general ticket |
Robert R. Reid | Democratic-Republican | 1819 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Joel Crawford | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Joel Abbot | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John A. Cuthbert | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| William Terrell | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Thomas W. Cobb | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
Illinois[edit]
Illinois elected its member August 7, 1820.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Illinois at-large | Daniel P. Cook | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Indiana[edit]
Indiana elected its member August 7, 1820.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Indiana at-large | William Hendricks | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kentucky[edit]
Kentucky elected its members August 7, 1820.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Kentucky 1 | David Trimble | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kentucky 2 | Henry Clay | Democratic-Republican | 1810 1814 (resigned) 1814 1815 (Seat declared vacant) 1815 (special) |
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Kentucky 3 | William Brown | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Kentucky 4 | Thomas Metcalfe | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kentucky 5 | Alney McLean | Democratic-Republican | 1814 1816 (retired) 1818 |
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Kentucky 6 | David Walker | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent died March 1, 1820. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor also elected to finish the term. |
|
| Kentucky 7 | George Robertson | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. Incumbent resigned sometime before the start of the new Congress, leading to an August 6, 1821 special election. |
|
| Kentucky 8 | Richard C. Anderson Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor died October 13, 1821, leading to a November 22, 1821 special election. |
|
| Kentucky 9 | Tunstall Quarles | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent resigned June 15, 1820. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor also elected to finish the term. |
|
| Kentucky 10 | Benjamin Hardin | Democratic-Republican | 1814 1816 (retired) 1818 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Louisiana[edit]
Louisiana elected its member July 3–5, 1820.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Louisiana at-large | Thomas Butler | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
Maine[edit]
This was the first election in Maine since its separation from Massachusetts. In the previous election, Massachusetts had had 20 representatives. Seven seats (representing the 14th-20th districts) were reassigned from Massachusetts to Maine. In addition, under the terms of the law which admitted Maine to the union, any vacancies in the 16th Congress by Representatives elected to represent Massachusetts but residing in the new states of Maine would be filled by a resident of Maine.[3] John Holmes, who had been elected to the House for the former 14th district of Massachusetts was elected as one of the first two senators for Maine. The vacancy was filled in a special election by Joseph Dane (Federalist). Dane was the only Representative officially considered as representing Maine in the 16th Congress. The Representatives from the 15th-20th districts were still classified as being from Massachusetts for the remainder of the 16th Congress.
Maine elected its members on November 7, 1820. State law required a majority to win an election, necessitating additional ballots if a majority was not received. And, in fact, additional ballots were held on January 22, 1821, and September 10, 1821, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Maine 1 | Joseph Dane | Federalist | 1820 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maine 2 | Ezekiel Whitman Redistricted from MA-15 |
Federalist | 1808 1810 (lost) 1816 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maine 3 | Mark Langdon Hill Redistricted from MA-16 |
Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected on the second ballot. | First ballot (November 7, 1820):
Second ballot (January 22, 1821):
|
| Maine 4 | Martin Kinsley Redistricted from MA-17 |
Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected on the third ballot after the beginning of the term but before Congress convened. Democratic-Republican hold. |
First ballot (November 7, 1820):
Second ballot (January 22, 1821):
Third ballot (September 10, 1821):
|
| Maine 5 | James Parker Redistricted from MA-18 |
Democratic-Republican | 1813 1814 (lost) 1819 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected on the third ballot after the beginning of the term but before Congress convened. Democratic-Republican hold. |
First ballot (November 7, 1820):
Second ballot (January 22, 1821):
Third ballot (September 10, 1821):
|
| Maine 6 | Joshua Cushman Redistricted from MA-19 |
Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maine 7 | Enoch Lincoln Redistricted from MA-20 |
Democratic-Republican | 1818 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland[edit]
Maryland elected its members October 2, 1820.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Maryland 1 | Raphael Neale | Federalist | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maryland 2 | Joseph Kent | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maryland 3 | Henry R. Warfield | Federalist | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maryland 4 | Samuel Ringgold | Democratic-Republican | 1810 1814 (lost) 1816 |
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Maryland 5 Plural district with 2 seats |
Samuel Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1792 1803 (retired) 1816 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Peter Little | Democratic-Republican | 1810 1812 (lost) 1816 |
Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Maryland 6 | Stevenson Archer | Democratic-Republican | 1811 (special) 1816 (lost) 1818 |
Incumbent retired. New member elected by lot after tied vote. Democratic-Republican hold.[l] |
|
| Maryland 7 | Thomas Culbreth | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Maryland 8 | Thomas Bayly | Federalist | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts[edit]
This was the first election in Massachusetts after the separation of the former District of Maine as the new State of Maine, taking the old 14th – 20th districts with it.
Massachusetts elected its members November 6, 1820. Massachusetts had a majority requirement for election, which was not met in the 2nd district necessitating two additional elections on January 8, 1821, and April 16, 1821, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.
District numbers differed between source used and elsewhere on Wikipedia; district numbers used elsewhere on Wikipedia used here.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Massachusetts 1 | Jonathan Mason | Federalist | 1817 (special) | Incumbent resigned May 15, 1820, to pursue his law practice. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain.[j] Successor also elected the same day to finish the term. |
|
| Massachusetts 2 | Nathaniel Silsbee | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent retired. New member elected late on the third ballot after the term began but before the Congress convened. Democratic-Republican hold. |
First ballot (November 6, 1820):
Second ballot (January 8, 1821):
Third ballot (April 16, 1821):
|
| Massachusetts 3 | Jeremiah Nelson | Federalist | 1804 1806 (retired) 1814 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 4 | Timothy Fuller | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 5 | Samuel Lathrop | Federalist | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 6 | Samuel C. Allen | Federalist | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 7 | Henry Shaw | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
|
| Massachusetts 8 | Zabdiel Sampson | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent resigned July 26, 1820. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Massachusetts 9 | Walter Folger Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
|
| Massachusetts 10 | Marcus Morton | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain |
|
| Massachusetts 11 | Benjamin Adams | Federalist | 1816 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| Massachusetts 12 | Jonas Kendall | Federalist | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
|
| Massachusetts 13 | William Eustis | Democratic-Republican | 1800 1804 (lost) 1820 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan Territory[edit]
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Mississippi[edit]
Mississippi elected its member August 7–8, 1820.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Mississippi at-large | Christopher Rankin | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri[edit]
Missouri was admitted to the union on August 10, 1821,[14] but elections had been held August 28, 1820.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Missouri at-large | None (District created) | New seat. Territorial delegate re-elected as new member. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| ||
New Hampshire[edit]
New Hampshire elected its members August 18, 1820.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New Hampshire at-large 6 seats on a general ticket |
Josiah Butler | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Nathaniel Upham | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Clifton Clagett | Democratic-Republican | 1802 1804 (retired) 1816 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Joseph Buffum Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| William Plumer Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Arthur Livermore | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
New Jersey[edit]
New Jersey elected its members November 7, 1820. There were an unusually large number of candidates, 119 candidates according to one contemporary newspaper.[20] Some candidates ran under an "Anti-Caucus" ticket. Only 1 of the 6 six incumbents would serve in the next term, as 4 retired and 1 died after re-election.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New Jersey at-large 6 seats on a general ticket |
Ephraim Bateman | Democratic-Republican | 1814 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| John Linn | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected but died January 5, 1821, leading to an October 8, 1821 special election. | ||
| Bernard Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Henry Southard | Democratic-Republican | 1814 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Joseph Bloomfield | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| Charles Kinsey | Democratic-Republican | 1816 1818 (lost) 1820 (special) |
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
New York[edit]
New York elected its members April 24–26, 1821, after the term began but before the new Congress convened. The 21st district, previously a plural district with two seats, was divided into two single-member districts for the 17th Congress, the 21st and 22nd.
The Democratic-Republican party in New York was divided between "Bucktails" and "Clintonians". The Clintonians ran on a joint ticket with the remaining Federalists. In a few cases, marked as "Clintonian/Federalist" below, it is unclear whether a candidate on the joint ticket was Democratic-Republican or Federalist.
Only five of the twenty-seven incumbents were re-elected to the next term. Sixteen incumbents retired and five lost re-election. Despite this high turnover of membership, there was only a one-seat net gain for the Federalists.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New York 1 Plural district with 2 seats |
Silas Wood | Federalist | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| James Guyon Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected.[m] Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| New York 2 Plural district with 2 seats |
Henry Meigs | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Peter H. Wendover | Democratic-Republican | 1814 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| New York 3 | Caleb Tompkins | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| New York 4 | Randall S. Street | Federalist | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| New York 5 | James Strong | Federalist | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
|
| New York 6 | Walter Case | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor died September 7, 1821, before the Congress convened, leading to a November 6–8, 1821 special election. |
|
| New York 7 | Jacob H. De Witt | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
|
| New York 8 | Robert Clark | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| New York 9 | Solomon Van Rensselaer | Federalist | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| New York 10 | John D. Dickinson | Federalist | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| New York 11 | John W. Taylor | Democratic-Republican | 1812 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| New York 12 Plural district with 2 seats |
Nathaniel Pitcher | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Ezra C. Gross | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| New York 13 | Harmanus Peek | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| New York 14 | John Fay | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| New York 15 Plural district with 2 seats |
Robert Monell | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Joseph S. Lyman | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| New York 16 | Henry R. Storrs | Federalist | 1816 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
|
| New York 17 | Aaron Hackley Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| New York 18 | William D. Ford | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
|
| New York 19 | George Hall | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| New York 20 Plural district with 2 seats |
Jonathan Richmond | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Caleb Baker | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. | ||
| New York 21 | Nathaniel Allen | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| New York 22 | Albert H. Tracy Redistricted from the 21st district |
Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
North Carolina[edit]
North Carolina elected its members August 9, 1821, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| North Carolina 1 | Lemuel Sawyer | Democratic-Republican | 1806 1813 (lost) 1817 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| North Carolina 2 | Hutchins G. Burton | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| North Carolina 3 | Thomas H. Hall | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| North Carolina 4 | William S. Blackledge | Federalist | 1821 (special) | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| North Carolina 5 | Charles Hooks | Democratic-Republican | 1816 (special) 1817 (lost) 1819 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| North Carolina 6 | Weldon N. Edwards | Democratic-Republican | 1816 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| North Carolina 7 | John Culpepper | Federalist | 1806 1808 (contested) 1808 (special) 1813 1816 (lost) 1819 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist hold. |
|
| North Carolina 8 | James S. Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| North Carolina 9 | Thomas Settle | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| North Carolina 10 | Charles Fisher | Democratic-Republican | 1819 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| North Carolina 11 | William Davidson | Federalist | 1818 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| North Carolina 12 | Felix Walker | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| North Carolina 13 | Lewis Williams | Democratic-Republican | 1815 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Ohio[edit]
Ohio elected its members October 10, 1820.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Ohio 1 | Thomas R. Ross | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Ohio 2 | John W. Campbell | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Ohio 3 | Henry Brush | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Ohio 4 | Samuel Herrick | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner declined to serve, leading to an October 9, 1821 special election. |
|
| Ohio 5 | Philemon Beecher | Federalist | 1816 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
|
| Ohio 6 | John Sloane | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania[edit]
Pennsylvania elected its members October 10, 1820.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[16] | |
| Pennsylvania 1 Plural district with 4 seats |
Joseph Hemphill | Federalist | 1800 1802 (lost) 1818 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Samuel Edwards | Federalist | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Thomas Forrest | Federalist | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist hold. | ||
| John Sergeant | Federalist | 1815 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Pennsylvania 2 Plural district with 2 seats |
William Darlington | Democratic-Republican | 1814 1816 (lost) 1818 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Samuel Gross | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Pennsylvania 3 Plural district with 2 seats |
James M. Wallace | Democratic-Republican | 1815 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. |
|
| Jacob Hibshman | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Federalist gain. | ||
| Pennsylvania 4 | Jacob Hostetter | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Pennsylvania 5 Plural district with 2 seats |
Andrew Boden | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| David Fullerton | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent resigned May 15, 1820. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor was not a candidate in the same day's election to finish the term. Successor resigned in April 1821, leading to an October 9, 1821 special election. | ||
| Pennsylvania 6 Plural district with 2 seats |
Samuel Moore | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Thomas J. Rogers | Democratic-Republican | 1818 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| Pennsylvania 7 | Joseph Hiester | Democratic-Republican | 1798 1804 (retired) 1814 |
Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Pennsylvania. New member elected. Federalist gain. Incumbent then resigned in December 1820 when elected Governor of Pennsylvania and successor lost the December 10, 1820 special election to finish the term. |
|
| Pennsylvania 8 | Robert Philson | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Pennsylvania 9 | William P. Maclay | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Pennsylvania 10 Plural district with 2 seats |
George Denison | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| John Murray | Democratic-Republican | 1817 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Federalist gain. Incumbent resigned July 20, 1821, leading to an October 9, 1821 special election. | ||
| Pennsylvania 11 | David Marchand | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Pennsylvania 12 | Thomas Patterson | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Pennsylvania 13 | Christian Tarr | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Pennsylvania 14 | Henry Baldwin | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Pennsylvania 15 | Robert Moore | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
Rhode Island[edit]
Rhode Island elected its members August 29, 1820.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Rhode Island at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Samuel Eddy | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Nathaniel Hazard | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. Incumbent died December 17, 1820, and seat remained vacant until the end of term. | ||
South Carolina[edit]
South Carolina elected its members October 9–10, 1820.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| South Carolina 1 | Charles Pinckney | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| South Carolina 2 | William Lowndes | Democratic-Republican | 1810 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 3 | James Ervin | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| South Carolina 4 | James Overstreet | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 5 | Starling Tucker | Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 6 | Eldred Simkins | Democratic-Republican | 1818 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| South Carolina 7 | Elias Earle | Democratic-Republican | 1804 1814 (lost) 1816 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| South Carolina 8 | John McCreary | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| South Carolina 9 | Joseph Brevard | Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner declined to serve, leading to a special election sometime in 1821. |
|
Tennessee[edit]
Tennessee elected its members August 9–10, 1821, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Tennessee 1 | John Rhea | Democratic-Republican | 1803 1815 (lost) 1817 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 2 | John Cocke | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 3 | Francis Jones | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 4 | Robert Allen | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 5 | Newton Cannon | Democratic-Republican | 1814 (special) 1817 (lost) 1819 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 6 | Henry H. Bryan | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. Winner never appeared to take his seat. |
|
Vermont[edit]
In 1820, Vermont returned to using districts. This would be the only election in which the 6th district would be used.
Vermont elected its members September 5, 1820. A majority was required for election, which was not met in the 2nd or 3rd district, requiring additional ballots to achieve a majority. The 2nd district required 7 ballots. The 3rd district required two additional ballots. The additional ballots were held December 11, 1820, and February 19, May 1, July 2, September 4, and October 22, 1821.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Vermont 1 | Rollin Carolas Mallary Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Vermont 2 | Mark Richards Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected on the seventh ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
First ballot (September 5, 1820):
Second ballot (December 11, 1820):
Third ballot (February 19, 1821):
Fourth ballot (May 1, 1821):
Fifth ballot (July 2, 1821):
Sixth ballot (September 4, 1821):
Seventh ballot (October 22, 1821):
|
| Vermont 3 | Charles Rich Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic-Republican | 1812 1814 (lost) 1816 |
Incumbent re-elected on the third ballot. | First ballot (September 5, 1820):
Second ballot (December 11, 1820):
Third ballot (February 19, 1821):
|
| Ezra Meech Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic-Republican | 1818 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic-Republican loss. | ||
| Vermont 4 | William Strong Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic-Republican | 1810 1814 (lost) 1818 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Vermont 5 | Samuel C. Crafts Redistricted from the at-large district |
Democratic-Republican | 1816 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Vermont 6 | None (District created) | New seat. New member elected. Democratic-Republican gain. |
| ||
Virginia[edit]
Virginia elected its members in April 1821, after the term began but before the new Congress convened.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Virginia 1 | Edward B. Jackson | Democratic-Republican | 1820 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 2 | Thomas Van Swearingen | Federalist | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 3 | Jared Williams | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 4 | William McCoy | Democratic-Republican | 1811 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 5 | John Floyd | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 6 | Alexander Smyth | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 7 | Ballard Smith | Democratic-Republican | 1815 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Virginia 8 | Charles F. Mercer | Federalist | 1817 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 9 | William Lee Ball | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 10 | Thomas L. Moore | Democratic-Republican | 1820 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 11 | Philip P. Barbour | Democratic-Republican | 1814 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 12 | Robert S. Garnett | Democratic-Republican | 1817 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 13 | Severn E. Parker | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Virginia 14 | William A. Burwell | Democratic-Republican | 1806 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Virginia 15 | George Tucker | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 16 | John Randolph | Democratic-Republican | 1799 1813 (lost) 1815 1817 (lost) 1819 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 17 | William S. Archer | Democratic-Republican | 1820 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 18 | Mark Alexander | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 19 | James Jones | Democratic-Republican | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 20 | John C. Gray | Democratic-Republican | 1820 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
| Virginia 21 | Thomas Newton Jr. | Democratic-Republican | 1797 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 22 | Hugh Nelson | Democratic-Republican | 1811 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 23 | John Tyler | Democratic-Republican | 1816 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic-Republican hold. |
|
Non-voting delegates[edit]
There were four territories that had the right to send a delegate to at least part of the 17th Congress, only three of which actually sent delegates. Missouri Territory's seat remained vacant, as the territory was admitted as the State of Missouri early in the 17th Congress.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Arkansas Territory at-large | James Woodson Bates | None | 1819 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Michigan Territory at-large | Solomon Sibley | None | 1820 (special) | Incumbent re-elected sometime in 1821. |
|
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b c Includes "late" elections held after the March 4 beginning of the term.
- ^ Majority requirement for election which was not met in 2 districts requiring 6 additional elections held on December 11, 1820, February 19, May 1, July 2, September 4, and October 22, 1821.
- ^ Majority requirement for election which was not met in 1 district requiring additional elections on January 8 and April 16, 1821.
- ^ After seven districts were moved to the new state of Maine.
- ^ a b Compared to districts 1-13 in 1818
- ^ Previously part of Massachusetts.
- ^ Majority requirement for election, which was not met in 3 districts requiring additional elections on January 22, 1821 and September 10, 1821.
- ^ a b Compared to the districts comprising the former District of Maine (Former Massachusetts's 14th district through Massachusetts's 20th district
- ^ Tennessee's 6th district remained vacant for the entirety of the 17th Congress.
- ^ a b c d e Some sources cite Benjamin Gorham as a Federalist.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Source does not give numbers of votes or has incomplete data.
- ^ In Maryland's 6th district, Philip Reed later successfully contested the tie, claiming 7 votes for him that had not been counted,[19] and was seated March 22, 1822.[14]
- ^ a b c d e In New York's 1st district, the winners were initially declared to be Silas Wood (Federalist) and Peter Sharpe (Democratic-Republican). Sharpe's election was challenged. Initial returns showed 3,339 votes for Cadwallader D. Colden (Federalist), with 395 for "Cadwallader Colden" and 220 for "Cadwallader D. Colder". After those votes were declared to be for Cadwallader D. Colden, he finished in 2nd place with 3,954 votes (27.1%), and thus received one of the two seats for that district in place of Sharpe. He was seated December 12, 1821.[14]
- ^ a b c d Based on incomplete returns
- ^ John Sergeant was also supported by the Democratic-Republicans.
- ^ a b c Changed parties
- ^ Job Durfee received votes in many towns from Federalists.
References[edit]
- ^ 3 Stat. 545
- ^ a b "Virginia 1820 U.S. House of Representatives, District 17, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Sixteenth Congress March 4, 1819, to March 3, 1821". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 23, 2019 – via History.house.gov.
- ^ "New Jersey 1820 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 29, 2019.
- ^ a b "Virginia 1820 U.S. House of Representatives, District 10, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
- ^ a b "Virginia 1820 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- ^ "Virginia 1820 U.S. House of Representatives, District 20, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- ^ a b Cox, Harold (January 6, 2007). "16th Congress 1819-1821" (PDF). Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
- ^ "Massachusetts 1820 U.S. House of Representatives, Suffolk District, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- ^ "Massachusetts 1820 U.S. House of Representatives, Suffolk District, Special, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 7, 2019.
- ^ "Pennsylvania 1820 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- ^ a b "Kentucky 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Seventeenth Congress March 4, 1821, to March 3, 1823". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 4, 2019 – via History.house.gov.
- ^ "Ohio 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 4, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- ^ a b c Cox, Harold (January 14, 2007). "17th Congress 1821-1823" (PDF). Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
- ^ a b "Kentucky 1821 U.S. House of Representatives, District 8, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 17, 2019.
- ^ "Alabama 1821 U.S. House of Representatives". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ "Maryland 1820 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 18, 2019. (see footnotes 1,2, and 5)
- ^ a b "New Jersey 1820 U.S. House of Representatives". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 19, 2019.
- ^ "Rhode Island 1820 U.S. House of Representatives". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
- ^ "A New Nation Votes". elections.lib.tufts.edu. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
Bibliography[edit]
- "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- Cox, Harold (January 14, 2007). "17th Congress 1821-1823" (PDF). Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 The Wilkes University Election Statistics Project. Wilkes University.
External links[edit]
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)