User:Awilley/sandbox5
Musical settings[edit]
In four-line neumatic notation, the Gregorian chant of the sequence begins:
In 5-line staff notation, the same appears:
The words have often been set to music as part of the Requiem service, originally as a sombre plainchant. It also formed part of the traditional Catholic liturgy of All Souls' Day. Music for the Requiem Mass has been composed by many composers, including Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart as well as Hector Berlioz, Giuseppe Verdi, and Igor Stravinsky.
The traditional Gregorian melody has also been used as a musical quotation
References in classical compositions[edit]
| Composer | Name | Link | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thomas Adès | Living Toys | — | — | |
| Charles-Valentin Alkan | Symphony for Solo Piano, Op. 39; Souvenirs: Trois morceaux dans le genre pathétique, Op. 15 (No. 3: Morte) | — | — | |
| David Baker | Fantasy on Themes from Masque of the Red Death Ballet | — | — | |
| Ernest Bloch | Suite Symphonique [1] | — | — | |
| Hector Berlioz | Symphonie fantastique | — | www.youtube.com 3:20 | |
| Johannes Brahms | Klavierstück, Op. 118, No. 6 | — | — | |
| Antoine Brumel | Dies Irae | — | — | |
| Sergei Lyapunov | Études d'exécution transcendante, Op. 11 No. 3 "Pealing of Bells" | — | — | |
| Wendy Carlos | Carnival of the Animals – Part Two – 10. Shark | — | — | |
| Elliott Carter | In Sleep, In Thunder, #4 | — | — | |
| Marc-Antoine Charpentier | Grand Office des Morts | — | — | |
| George Crumb | Black Angels, Makrokosmos Volume II, Star Child | — | — | |
| Luigi Dallapiccola | Canti di prigionia | — | — | |
| Michael Daugherty | Metropolis Symphony 5th movement, "Red Cape Tango";[2] Dead Elvis | — | — | |
| Raymond Deane | Seachanges | — | — | |
| Ernő Dohnányi | Rhapsody in E-flat minor, Op. 11, No. 4 | — | — | |
| Antonín Dvořák | Symphony No. 7 in D minor, movement 1 | — | — | |
| Martin Ellerby | Paris Sketches, movement 3 | — | — | |
| Antonio Estévez | Cantata Criolla (1954) | — | — | |
| Jean Françaix | Cinq poemes de Charles d'Orléans | — | — | |
| Diamanda Galás | Masque Of The Red Death: Part I – The Divine Punishment and Saint Of The Pit: "L'Héautontimorouménos" (Self-Tormentor) | — | — | |
| Robert Gerhard | Piano concerto | — | — | |
| Alexander Glazunov | Orchestral suite From the Middle Ages, Op. 79 | — | — | |
| Leopold Godowsky | Piano sonata in E minor, movement 5 | — | — | |
| Berthold Goldschmidt | Beatrice Cenci opera | — | — | |
| Louis Moreau Gottschalk | Cakewalk suite | — | — | |
| Charles Gounod | Faust opera, Act IV; Mors et Vita | — | — | |
| Sofia Gubaidulina | Am Rande des Abgrunds (On the edge of abyss), for 7 celli and 2 aquaphones | — | — | |
| Joseph Haydn | Symphony No. 103, "The Drumroll" | — | — | |
| Heinz Holliger | Violin Concerto, 2nd movement | — | — | |
| Vagn Holmboe | Symphony No. 10, 1st and 4th movements; Symphony No. 11, 1st movement | — | — | |
| Arthur Honegger | La Danse des Morts | — | — | |
| Karl Jenkins | Requiem | — | — | |
| Miloslav Kabeláč | Symphony No. 8 Antiphonies | — | — | |
| Dmitry Kabalevsky | Cello concerto no. 2 in C minor, Op. 77 | — | — | |
| Aram Khachaturian | Symphony No. 2 The Bell Symphony; Spartacus | — | — | |
| György Ligeti | Le Grand Macabre | — | — | |
| Franz Liszt | Dante Symphony; Totentanz | — | — | |
| Charles Martin Loeffler | One Who Fell in Battle, Rhapsodies for oboe, viola, and piano, 1st movement, and several songs | — | — | |
| Jean-Baptiste Lully | Dies Irae | — | — | |
| Gustav Mahler | Symphony No. 2, movements 1, 3, and 5 | — | — | |
| Bohuslav Martinů | Cello concerto no. 2, final movement | — | — | |
| Nikolai Medtner | Piano quintet in C major, Op. posth. | — | — | |
| Modest Mussorgsky | Night on Bald Mountain; Songs and Dances of Death; Intermezzo in modo classico | — | — | |
| Nikolai Myaskovsky | Piano sonata no. 2; Symphony no. 6 | — | — | |
| Krzysztof Penderecki | Dies Irae | — | — | |
| Ildebrando Pizzetti | Requiem; Assassinio nella cattedrale | — | — | |
| Sergei Rachmaninoff | Symphony No. 1, Op. 13; | — | — | |
| Sergei Rachmaninoff | Symphony No. 2, Op. 27; | — | — | |
| Sergei Rachmaninoff | Symphony No. 3, Op. 44; | — | — | |
| Sergei Rachmaninoff | — | — | ||
| Sergei Rachmaninoff | Isle of the Dead, Op. 29; | — | — | |
| Sergei Rachmaninoff | Piano Sonata No. 1 in D minor, Op. 28; | — | — | |
| Sergei Rachmaninoff | Prelude in E minor, Op. 32, No. 4; | — | — | |
| Sergei Rachmaninoff | The Bells choral symphony, Op. 35; | — | — | |
| Sergei Rachmaninoff | Études-Tableaux, Op. 39, No. 2; | — | — | |
| Sergei Rachmaninoff | Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, Op. 43; | — | www.youtube.com 3:25 | |
| Sergei Rachmaninoff | Symphonic Dances, Op. 45 | — | — | — |
| Ottorino Respighi | Brazilian Impressions | — | — | |
| Marcel Rubin | Symphony No. 4, 2nd movement (Dies Irae) | — | — | |
| Camille Saint-Saëns | Danse Macabre; Requiem; Symphony No. 3 ("Organ Symphony") |
— | — | |
| Aulis Sallinen | Dies Irae, Op. 47 | — | — | |
| Ernest Schelling | Impressions from an Artist's Life | — | — | |
| William Schmidt | Tuba mirum | — | — | |
| Alfred Schnittke | Symphony No. 1, movement 4 | — | — | |
| Peter Sculthorpe | Memento Mori (1993) | — | — | |
| Dmitri Shostakovich | Music for Hamlet; Symphony No. 14; "Dance of Death" from Aphorisms | — | — | |
| Jean Sibelius | Lemminkäinen Suite | — | — | |
| Stephen Sondheim | Sweeney Todd – quoted in "The Ballad of Sweeney Todd" and the accompaniment to "Epiphany"[3] | — | — | |
| Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji | Variazioni e fuga triplice sopra "Dies iræ" per pianoforte (1923–26); Sequentia cyclica super "Dies iræ" ex Missa pro defunctis in clavicembali usum (1948–49) | — | — | |
| Ronald Stevenson | Passacaglia on DSCH (1962–63) | — | — | |
| Richard Strauss | Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks; "Dance of the seven veils" from Salome | — | — | |
| Igor Stravinsky | The Rite of Spring (sacrifice intro); Three pieces for String Quartet (III, "Canticle");[citation needed] Histoire du soldat; Wind Octet, (Tema con variazioni) | — | — | |
| Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky | "Modern Greek Song", Op. 16, No. 6; Marche funèbre, Op. 21, No. 4 from "Six Morceaux" for piano; Grand Sonata, Op. 37, for piano; Manfred Symphony; Orchestral Suite No. 3, Op. 55 | — | — | |
| Frank Ticheli | Vesuvius | — | — | |
| Loris Tjeknavorian | Symphony No 3 (Peace with all Men) | — | — | |
| Ralph Vaughan Williams | Five Tudor Portraits | — | — | |
| Adrian Williams | Dies Irae | — | — | |
| James Yannatos | Trinity Mass | — | — | |
| Eugène Ysaÿe | Sonata in A minor, Op. 27, No. 2 "Obsession" | — | — | |
| — | — |
Literary references[edit]
- Walter Scott used the first two stanzas in the sixth canto of his narrative poem "The Lay of the Last Minstrel" (1805).
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe used the first, the sixth and the seventh stanza of the hymn in the scene "Cathedral" in the first part of his drama Faust (1808).
- Italian poet Giuseppe Giusti composed in 1835 the satirical poem Il "Dies iræ" on the occasion of the death of Francis II, Emperor of Austria.
- In José Rizal's 1887 novel Noli Me Tangere, the last two lines of the sixth stanza of the hymn ("Quidquid latet, apparebit, Nil inultum remanebit") are used as the title of the 54th chapter of his novel, depicting how Elias discovers who the descendant of the man who ruined their family is.
- Oscar Wilde composed a Sonnet on Hearing the Dies Irae Sung in the Sistine Chapel, contrasting the "terrors of red flame and thundering" depicted in the hymn with images of "life and love".
- In Gaston Leroux's 1910 novel The Phantom of the Opera, Erik (the Phantom) has the chant displayed on the wall of his funereal bedroom.[4]
- Kurt Vonnegut wrote Stone, Time, and Elements: A Humanist Requiem in opposition to the classical Requiem and in particular to the Dies Irae, which he found "vengeful and sadistic" (and mistakenly reputed a "piece of poetry by committee from the Council of Trent"). His Requiem was set to music by Edgar David Grana.
- Dies Irae was a title D. H. Lawrence considered for the novel that became Women in Love (1920).[citation needed]
- Thomas Pynchon's 1963 novel V. includes direct references to Dies Irae in chapter 9 – "Somewhere in the house (though he may have dreamed that too) a chorus had begun singing a Dies Irae in plainsong."
- Arthur C. Clarke's 1968 novel 2001: A Space Odyssey has the main character, David Bowman, listening to a recording of it on the spaceship Discovery One on his way to Saturn.
- The title of the 1976 novel Deus Irae, a collaboration between Philip K. Dick and Roger Zelazny, is a play on the name of the hymn Dies Irae.
- In Umberto Eco's 1980 novel The Name of the Rose, Adso has a dream or vision based on the Coena Cypriani while the monks around him chant the Dies Irae.
- In Patrick O'Brians novel, The Letter of Marque (1988): "and some moments later the after part of the ship, usually quiet with a following wind and a moderate sea, was filled with a great deep roaring Dies Irae that went on and on, quite startling the quarterdeck." (Played by the character Dr Maturin on his cello.)
- "Dies irae, dies illa when the absent shall be present and the present absent...in albums, in desk drawers, this picture and thousands like it have subtly matured, metamorphosed." Age of Iron (1990) by J. M. Coetzee
- In Anne Rice's 1998 novel The Vampire Armand , when Amadeo and other apprentices were captured by the Santino's satanic coven of vampires, they would mock Amadeo/Armand by singing this hymn.
References in Films[edit]
| Composer | Film | Context | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dimitri Tiomkin | It's a Wonderful Life | where George Bailey is fleeing to the bridge after seeing Pottersville.[5] | |
| Bernard Herrmann | Jason and the Argonauts (1963) | in the skeleton sequence | — |
| Ingmar Bergman | The Seventh Seal (1957) | traditional Gregorian Dies Irae is used throughout the film. | — |
| Stephen Schwartz and Alan Menken | The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Disney 1996) | — | — |
| Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975) | the last stanza (Pie Jesu Domine, dona eis requiem) is chanted by monks hitting themselves with boards. | — | |
| 1993 soundtrack of the film The Nightmare Before Christmas | "Making Christmas" and "Sally's Song," are based on the Dies Irae melody. | — | |
| Wendy Carlos | A Clockwork Orange: Wendy Carlos's Complete Original Score (1972) | "Country Lane" | — |
| Collins and Roger | 1996 Broadway musical Rent and its 2004 film adaptation | at the beginning of the number "La Vie Boheme" | — |
| Stanley Kubrick | The Shining | the main theme is based on Hector Berlioz' interpretation of the Dies Irae as he used it in his "Symphonie fantastique" | www.youtube.com - Opening scene |
| Hans Zimmer | Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (soundtrack) | The Dies Irae is played as the Spaniards arrive to destroy the Fountain of Youth | www.youtube.com |
| Example | Example | — |
References in music[edit]
| Composer | Film | Context | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| Regina Spektor | "Lacrimosa" (song) | The song is written from the point of view of Icarus, the son of Daedalus from Greek mythology, as he is falling to the earth. | — |
| Bathory's | Blood Fire Death (1988) | seventh track entitled "Dies Irae" | — |
- ^ Simmons, Walter. Voices in the Wilderness: Six American Neo-romantic Composers. Scarecrow Press, 2004. ISBN 0810848848
- ^ About this Recording - 8.559635 - DAUGHERTY, M.: Metropolis Symphony / Deus ex Machina (T. Wilson, Nashville Symphony, Guerrero)
- ^ Zadan, Craig (1989). Sondheim & Co. 2nd edition. Perennial Library. p. 248. ISBN 0-06-091400-9.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Leroux, Gaston. "The Phantom of the Opera". Barnes & Noble, Inc., 1985, p. 139
- ^ http://www.zuzu.net/essays/music.html