List of barracks of the Austrian army https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Kasernen_des_%C3%B6sterreichischen_Bundesheeres

This is a list of current and former barracks of the Austrian Army.

Burgenland[edit]

Martinkaserne [de], Eisenstadt.
Benedek barracks with training area Bruckneudorf.
Montecuccoli barracks, Güssing.
Uchatius barracks, Kaisersteinbruch [de]. Home to the Militärhundezentrum Kaisersteinbruch [de]

Former barracks[edit]

Carinthia[edit]

Kommandogebäude Feldmarschall Hülgerth, Klagenfurt.
KZ-Nebenlager Klagenfurt-Lendorf [de], Klagenfurt.
Windisch barracks, Klagenfurt.
Laudon barracks, Klagenfurt.
Hensel-Kaserne [de], Villach.
Lutschounig barracks, Villach.
Pipe Barracks, Villach.
Tuerk barracks, Spittal an der Drau.
Goiginger barracks, Bleiburg.
Training area Glainach (Ferlach), military training area Marwiesen (Paternion), military training area Obere Fellach (Villach), water training place Villach.

Former barracks[edit]

Aichelburg barracks, Wolfsberg.
Waisenhaus barracks, Klagenfurt.

Lower Austria[edit]

Kommandogebäude Feldmarschall Hess [de], Sankt Pölten.

Upper Austria[edit]

Coast Guard comparative[edit]

Officers[edit]

Rank group	General / flag officers						Senior officers					Junior officers								Officer cadet
Argentine Naval Prefecture v t e
Argentine Naval Prefecture v t e			Prefecto General (Prefecto Nacional Naval)		Prefecto General (Subprefecto Nacional Naval)	Prefecto General	Prefecto Mayor		Prefecto Principal		Prefecto	Subprefecto		Oficial Principal			Oficial Auxiliar			Oficial Ayudante
Bangladesh Coast Guard v t e
Bangladesh Coast Guard v t e					Rear Admiral	Commodore	Captain		Commander		Lieutenant Commander	Lieutenant		Sub-lieutenant		Acting Sub-lieutenant		Midshipman		Officer Cadet
Barbados Coast Guard^[1] v t e
Barbados Coast Guard^[1] v t e						Commodore			Commander		Lieutenant Commander	Lieutenant		Sub Lieutenant			Midshipman
Belize Coast Guard v t e																				Various^{[note 1]}
																				Various^{[note 1]}
					Rear admiral	Rear admiral (lower half)	Captain		Commander		Lieutenant commander	Lieutenant		Lieutenant (junior grade)			Ensign			Officer cadet
Canadian Coast Guard^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] v t e
			Commissioner		Deputy commissioner	Assistant commissioner	Captain		Superintendent		Deputy superintendent	Officer Grade 04					Officer Grades 02-03			4th year Cadet	1st to 3rd year Cadet
			Commissaire		Commissaire-adjoint	Commissaire-assistant	Capitaine		Surintendant		Surintendant adjoint	Officier Grade 04					Grades d'officier 02-03			Cadet de 4e année	Cadet de 1re à 3e année
Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary^[8]^[9]^[10] v t e
					National President	President	Vice President		Director		Alternate Director	Unit Leader		Alternate Unit Leader			Unit Training Officer/Unit Prevention Officer
					Président national	Président	Vice-président		Directeur		Directeur suppléant	Chef d'unité		Chef d'unité suppléant			Agent de formation d'unité/Agent de prévention d'unité
Croatian Navy^[11] v t e
Croatian Navy^[11] v t e	Admiral flote	Admiral	Viceadmiral		Kontraadmiral	Komodor	Kapetan bojnog broda		Kapetan fregate		Kapetan korvete	Poručnik bojnog broda		Poručnik fregate			Poručnik korvete
Maritime Gendarmerie v t e
Maritime Gendarmerie v t e		Général d'armée	Général de corps d'armée		Général de division	Général de brigade	Colonel		Lieutenant-Colonel		Chef d'Escadron	Capitaine		Lieutenant
Georgian Coast Guard v t e
Georgian Coast Guard v t e		ადმირალი Admirali	ვიცე-ადმირალი Vitse-adimirali		კონტრადიმირალი K’ont’radimirali	კონტრედმირალი (ქვედა ნახევარი) K’ont’redmirali (kveda nakhevari)	კაპიტანი პირველი წოდება K’ap’it’ani p’irveli ts’odeba		კაპიტანი მეორე წოდება K’ap’it’ani meore ts’odeba^{[note 2]}		კაპიტანი მესამე წოდება K’ap’it’ani mesame ts’odeba	კაპიტანი ლეიტენანტი K’ap’it’ani leit’enant’i		პირველი ლეიტენანტი P’irveli leit’enant’i			ლეიტენანტი Leit’enant’i
Hellenic Coast Guard^[12] v t e
Hellenic Coast Guard^[12] v t e			Vice Admiral Αντιναύαρχος Antinavarchos		Rear Admiral Υποναύαρχος Yponavarchos	Commodore Αρχιπλοίαρχος Archiploiarchos	Captain Πλοίαρχος Ploiarchos		Commander Αντιπλοίαρχος Antiploiarchos		Lieutenant Commander Πλωτάρχης Plotarchis	Lieutenant Υποπλοίαρχος Ypoploiarchos		Sub-Lieutenant Ανθυποπλοίαρχος Anthypoploiarchos			Ensign Σημαιοφόρος Simaioforos
Guyana Coast Guard v t e
Guyana Coast Guard v t e					Rear admiral	Commodore	Captain		Commander		Lieutenant commander	Lieutenant		Lieutenant Junior Grade			Sub lieutenant			Midshipman
Icelandic Coast Guard^[13] v t e
Icelandic Coast Guard^[13] v t e					Forstjóri Landhelgisgæslunnar	Framkvæmdastjóri aðgerðasviðs	Framkvæmdastjóri siglingasviðs / Framkvæmdastjóri varnarmálasviðs		Flugrekstrarstjóri / Flaggskipherra / Yfirflugstjóri / Tæknistjóri	Skipherrar / Flugstjórar / Deildarstjórar	Næstráðandi / Yfirstýrimaður / Flugmaður / Yfirvélstjóri	Yfirmaður eftir 6 ár / Stýrimaður / Vélstjóri / Flugmaður		Yfirmaður eftir 2 ár / Stýrimaður / Vélstjóri / Flugmaður			Byrjandi í yfirmannastöðu
Indian Coast Guard^[14] v t e
Indian Coast Guard^[14] v t e			Director general	Additional director general	Inspector general	Deputy inspector general (3-year seniority)	Deputy inspector general		Commandant	Commandant (Junior Grade)	Deputy commandant	Assistant commandant		Assistant commandant (under probation)						Assistant commandant (after phase II)
Rank group	General / flag officers						Senior officers					Junior officers								Officer cadet
Indonesian Maritime Security Agency v t e
Indonesian Maritime Security Agency v t e			Vice Admiral Laksamana Madya Bakamla		Rear Admiral Laksamana Muda Bakamla	Commodore Laksamana Pertama Bakamla	Colonel Kolonel Bakamla		Lieutenant Colonel Letnan Kolonel Bakamla		Major Mayor Bakamla	Captain Kapten Bakamla		First lieutenant Letnan Satu Bakamla			Second lieutenant Letnan Dua Bakamla
Isle of Man Coastguard^[15]^[16]^[17] v t e
Isle of Man Coastguard^[15]^[16]^[17] v t e											Operations Manager	Senior Watch Officer		Station/Watch Officer	Deputy Station Officer
Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard v t e
Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard v t e			Ammiraglio di Squadra		Ammiraglio di Divisione	Contrammiraglio	Capitano di Vascello (CP)		Capitano di Fregata (CP)		Capitano di Corvetta (CP)	Primo Tenente di Vascello (CP)	Tenente di Vascello (CP)	Sottotenente di Vascello (CP)			Guardiamarina (CP)			Aspirante Guardiamarina (CP)
Japan Coast Guard
Japan Coast Guard		長官 Chōkan	次長 Jichō	一等海上保安監・甲 Ittō kaijō hoan kan・Kō	一等海上保安監・乙 Ittō kaijō hoan kan・Otsu		二等海上保安監 Ni-tō kaijō hoan kan		三等海上保安監 San-tō kaijō hoan kan		一等海上保安正 Ittō kaijō hoan sei	二等海上保安正 Ni-tō kaijō hoan sei		三等海上保安正 San-tō kaijō hoan sei			一等海上保安士 Ittō kaijō hoan-shi	二等海上保安士 Ni-tō kaijō hoan-shi	三等海上保安士 San-tō kaijō hoan-shi
Liberian National Coast Guard^[18] v t e
Liberian National Coast Guard^[18] v t e							Captain		Commander		Lieutenant commander	Lieutenant		Lieutenant (junior grade)			Ensign
Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency v t e
Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency v t e		Laksamana Maritim	Laksamana madya Maritim		Laksamana muda Maritim	Laksamana pertama Maritim	Kepten Maritim		Komander Maritim		Leftenan komander Maritim	Leftenan Maritim		Leftenan madya Maritim			Leftenan muda Maritim
Maldivian Coast Guard v t e
Maldivian Coast Guard v t e						ބްރިގޭޑިއަރ ޖެނެރަލް Brigeydiar jeneral	ކާނަލް Kaanal		ލެފްޓިނަންޓް ކާނަލް Leftinant kaanal		މޭޖަރ Meyjar	ކެޕްޓަން Keptan		ފަސްޓް ލެފްޓިނަންޓް Fast leftinant			ލެފްޓިނަންޓް Leftinant			Officer Cadet
Norwegian Coast Guard v t e
Norwegian Coast Guard v t e						Flaggkommandør	Kommandør		Kommandørkaptein		Orlogskaptein	Kapteinløytnant		Løytnant			Fenrik			Kadett
National Aeronaval Service^[19] v t e
National Aeronaval Service^[19] v t e					Director General	Subdirector General	Comisionado		Subcomisionado		Mayor	Capitán		Teniente			Subteniente
Pakistan Coast Guards v t e
Pakistan Coast Guards v t e					Major general میجر جنرل	Brigadier بریگیڈیئر	Colonel کرنل		Lieutenant colonel لیفٹیننٹ کرنل		Major میجر	Captain کیپٹن		Lieutenant لیفٹنینٹ			Second lieutenant سیکنڈ لیفٹیننٹ
Pakistan Maritime Security Agency^[20] v t e
Pakistan Maritime Security Agency^[20] v t e					Rear admiral بحریہ کا امیر	Commodore کموڈور	Captain کپتان		Commander کمانڈر		Lieutenant commander لیفٹیننٹ کمانڈر	Lieutenant لیفٹیننٹ		Sub-lieutenant سب لیفٹیننٹ۔			Midshipman مڈ شپ مین
Rank group	General / flag officers						Senior officers					Junior officers								Officer cadet
Philippine Coast Guard^[21] v t e
Philippine Coast Guard^[21] v t e		Admiral	Vice admiral		Rear admiral	Commodore	Captain		Commander		Lieutenant commander	Lieutenant		Lieutenant (junior grade)			Ensign
Polish Border Guard Naval units v t e																						Various
Polish Border Guard Naval units v t e					Wiceadmirał	Kontradmirał	Komandor		Komandor porucznik		Komandor podporucznik	Kapitan marynarki		Porucznik marynarki			Podporucznik marynarki					Podchorąży
Coast Guard of the Border Service of the FSB v t e
Coast Guard of the Border Service of the FSB v t e			Адмирал Admiral		Вице-адмирал Vitse-admiral	Контр-адмирал Contre-admiral	Капитан 1-го ранга Kapitan 1-go ranga		Капитан 2-го ранга Kapitan 2-go ranga		Капитан 3-го ранга Kapitan 3-go ranga	Капитан-лейтенант Kapitan-leytenant		Старший лейтенант Starshey leytenant		Лейтенант Leytenant		Младший лейтенант Mladshiy leytenant
Coast Guard of São Tomé and Príncipe v t e
Coast Guard of São Tomé and Príncipe v t e							Capitão de mar e guerra		Capitão de fragata		Capitão-tenente	Primeiro-tenente		Segundo-tenente			Guarda-marinha Subtenente			Aspirante
Seychelles Coast Guard^[22] v t e
Seychelles Coast Guard^[22] v t e						Brigadier	Colonel		Lieutenant colonel		Major	Captain		Lieutenant			Second lieutenant			Officer cadet
Sri Lanka Coast Guard^[23] v t e
Sri Lanka Coast Guard^[23] v t e					Rear admiral	Commodore	Captain		Commander		Lieutenant commander	Lieutenant		Sub-lieutenant
Turkish Coast Guard Command^[24] v t e																						Various ^[a]
Turkish Coast Guard Command^[24] v t e					Tümamiral	Tuğamiral	Albay		Yarbay		Binbaşı	Yüzbaşı		Üsteğmen		Teğmen		Asteğmen				Bahriyeli
His Majesty's Coastguard v t e
Maritime Operations			Honorary Commodore		Chief Coastguard	Assistant Chief Coastguard	Strategic Commander / Divisional Commander		Tactical Commander / Rescue Coordination Centre Manager (RCCM)		Maritime / Aeronautical Team Leader	Senior Maritime Operations Officer / Senior Aeronautical Operations Officer		Maritime Operations Officer			Maritime Operations Officer (Trainee)
Coastal Operations							Coastal Operations Divisional Commander		Coastal Operations Area Commander		Senior Coastal Operations Officer
United States Coast Guard^[25] v t e																				Various
United States Coast Guard^[25] v t e		Admiral	Vice admiral		Rear admiral	Rear admiral (lower half)	Captain		Commander		Lieutenant commander	Lieutenant		Lieutenant (junior grade)			Ensign			Cadet / officer candidate
United States Coast Guard Auxiliary^[26] v t e
Elected positions			National Commodore (NACO)		Vice National Commodore (VNACO) Deputy National Commodore (DNACO)	District Commodore (DCO)	District Chief of Staff (DCOS) District Captain (DCAPT)		Division Commander (DCDR)		Division Vice Commander (VCDR)	Flotilla Commander (FC)		Vice Flotilla Commander (VFC)
Appointed positions					Deputy National Commodore (DNACO)	Assistant National Commodore (ANACO)	Deputy Assistant National Commodore (ANACOd) Director (DIR) NACO Admin Assistant (N-A)		District Directorate Chief (DDC) Auxiliary Sector Coordinator (ASC) Deputy Director (DIRd) Division Chief (DVC) NACO Aide (N-D)		District Staff Officer (DSO) DCO Admin Assistant (D-AA) Branch Chief (BC)	Assistant District Staff Officer (ADSO) DCO Aide (D-AD) Branch Assistant (BA) Academy Admissions Partner		Division Staff Officer (SO)			Flotilla Staff Officer (FSO) Detachment Leader (DL)
Vietnam Coast Guard^[27] v t e
Vietnam Coast Guard^[27] v t e					Trung tướng	Thiếu tướng	Đại tá	Thượng tá	Trung tá		Thiếu tá	Đại úy		Thượng úy		Trung úy		Thiếu úy		Học viên Sĩ quan
Rank group	General / flag officers						Senior officers					Junior officers								Officer cadet

Warrant officer ranks[edit]

Equivalent NATO rank	WO-5	WO-4	WO-3	WO-2		WO-1
Maldivian Coast Guard v t e
Maldivian Coast Guard v t e	Chief Warrant Officer	Warrant Officer Grade 4	Warrant Officer Grade 3	Warrant Officer Grade 2		Warrant Officer Grade 1
U.S. Coast Guard v t e
U.S. Coast Guard v t e		Chief warrant officer 4	Chief warrant officer 3	Chief warrant officer 2
Vietnam Coast Guard v t e
Vietnam Coast Guard v t e	Thượng tá Quân nhân Chuyên nghiệp	Trung tá Quân nhân Chuyên nghiệp	Thiếu tá Quân nhân Chuyên nghiệp	Đại úy Quân nhân Chuyên nghiệp	Thượng úy Quân nhân Chuyên nghiệp	Trung úy Quân nhân Chuyên nghiệp	Thiếu úy Quân nhân Chuyên nghiệp
Equivalent NATO rank	WO-5	WO-4	WO-3	WO-2		WO-1

Enlisted ranks[edit]

Rank group	Senior NCOs														Junior NCOs						Enlisted
Argentine Naval Prefecture v t e
Argentine Naval Prefecture v t e	Ayudante mayor				Ayudante principal		Ayudante de primero		Ayudante de segundo	Ayudante de tercera					Cabo primero				Cabo segundo		Marinero
Bangladesh Coast Guard v t e																			No insignia				No insignia
Bangladesh Coast Guard v t e	Master chief petty officer				Senior chief petty officer		Chief petty officer		Petty officer						Leading seaman				Able seaman				Ordinary seaman
Barbados Coast Guard^[1] v t e																							No insignia
Barbados Coast Guard^[1] v t e	Master chief petty officer class 1				Master chief petty officer class 2		Chief petty officer		Petty officer						Leading seaman						Able seaman		Seaman
Belize Coast Guard v t e
Belize Coast Guard v t e	Master chief petty officer				Senior chief petty officer		Chief petty officer		Petty officer first class	Petty officer second class					Petty officer third class				Seaman		Seaman apprentice
Croatian Navy^[11] v t e																							No insignia
Croatian Navy^[11] v t e	Časnički namjesnik				Stožerni narednik		Nadnarednik		Narednik	Desetnik					Skupnik				Razvodnik		Pozornik		Mornar
Maritime Gendarmerie v t e
Maritime Gendarmerie v t e	Major		Adjudant-chef		Adjudant				Maréchal-des-logis-chef	Gendarme				Gendarme Adjoint Maréchal-des-logis	Gendarme Adjoint Brigadier Chef				Gendarme Adjoint Brigadier		Gendarme Adjoint première classe		Gendarme Adjoint
Hellenic Coast Guard^[12] v t e
Hellenic Coast Guard^[12] v t e	Warrant Officer Ανθυπασπιστής Anthypaspistis				Master Chief Petty Officer Αρχικελευστής Archikelefstis		Chief Petty Officer Επικελευστής Epikelefstis		Petty Officer Κελευστής Kelefstis						Harbor-guard Λιμενοφύλακας Limenofylakas
Guyana Coast Guard v t e
Guyana Coast Guard v t e	Fleet chief petty officer				Chief petty officer		Senior petty officer		Petty officer						Leading seaman						Able seaman
Icelandic Coast Guard^[13] v t e
Icelandic Coast Guard^[13] v t e	Yfir Bátsmaður MS-3						Bátsmaður MS-2			Bátsmaður MS-1									AS-4		AS-3	Háseti AS-2	AS-1
Indian Coast Guard^[14] v t e																							No insignia
Indian Coast Guard^[14] v t e	Pradhan Adhikari Pradhan Sahayak Engineer				Uttam Adhikari Uttam Sahayak Engineer		Adhikari Sahayak Engineer		Pradhan Navik Pradhan Yantrik						Uttam Navik Uttam Yantrik								Navik Yantrik
Rank group	Senior NCOs														Junior NCOs						Enlisted
Indonesian Maritime Security Agency v t e
Indonesian Maritime Security Agency v t e	Warrant Officer Pembantu Letnan Satu Bakamla		Warrant Officer Pembantu Letnan Dua Bakamla		Sergeant Major Sersan Mayor Bakamla		Master Sergeant Sersan Kepala Bakamla		Staff Sergeant Sersan Satu Bakamla	Sergeant Sersan Dua Bakamla					Master Corporal Kopral Kepala Bakamla		Corporal Kopral Satu Bakamla		Lance Corporal Kopral Dua Bakamla		Seaman Kelasi Kepala Bakamla	Seaman apprentice Kelasi Satu Bakamla	Seaman recruit Kelasi Dua Bakamla
Isle of Man Coastguard v t e																							No insignia
Isle of Man Coastguard v t e									Section Leader														Coastguard
Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard v t e
Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard v t e	Luogotenente Np.	Primo Maresciallo Np.		Capo di Prima Classe Np.	Capo di Seconda Classe Np.	Capo di Terza Classe Np.	Secondo Capo Scelto Np.		Secondo Capo Np.	Sergente Np.					Sottocapo di Prima Classe Scelto Np.	Sottocapo di Prima Classe Np.	Sottocapo di Seconda Classe Np.	Sottocapo di Terza Classe Np.	Sottocapo Np.		Comune di Prima Classe Np.		Comune di Seconda Classe Np.
Liberian National Coast Guard^[18] v t e
Liberian National Coast Guard^[18] v t e	Master Chief Petty Officer				Senior Chief Petty Officer		Chief Petty Officer		Petty Officer First Class	Petty Officer Second Class					Petty Officer Third Class				Seaman		Seaman recruit
Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency v t e																							No insignia
Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency v t e	Pegawai waran I Maritim				Pegawai waran II Maritim		Bintara Kanan Maritim		Bintara Muda Maritim						Laskar Kanan Maritim				Laskar Kelas I Maritim		Laskar Kelas II Maritim		Perajurit Muda Maritim
Maldivian Coast Guard v t e																							No insignia
Maldivian Coast Guard v t e	ކޮމާންޑް ސާރޖަންޓް މޭޖަރ Komaand saarjant meyjar		ސާރޖަންޓް މޭޖަރ Saarjant meyjar		ފަސްޓް ސާރޖަންޓް Fast saarjant		ސާރޖަންޓް ފަސްޓް ކްލާސް Saarjant fast klaas		ސްޓާފް ސާރޖަންޓް Staaf saarjant	ސާރޖަންޓް Saarjant					ކޯޕްރަލް Koapral				ލާންސް ކޯޕްރަލް Laans koapral				ޕްރައިވެޓް Praivet
Norwegian Coast Guard v t e
Norwegian Coast Guard v t e			Flaggmester		Orlogsmester		Flotiljemester		Skvadronmester	Senior kvartermester		Kvartermester			Ledende konstabel		Konstabel		Senior visekonstabel		Visekonstabel		Ledende menig	Menig
National Aeronaval Service^[19] v t e																							No insignia
National Aeronaval Service^[19] v t e							Sargento primero			Sargento segundo					Cabo primero				Cabo segundo				Agente
Pakistan Coast Guards v t e																					No insignia
Pakistan Coast Guards v t e	Subedar-Major صوبیدار میجر				Subedar صوبیدار		Naib Subedar نائب صوبیدار		Havildar حوالدار۔						Naik نائیک۔				Lance Naik لانس نائیک۔		Sepoy سپاہی۔
Pakistan Maritime Security Agency^[20] v t e																							No insignia
Pakistan Maritime Security Agency^[20] v t e	Master Chief Petty Officer ماسٹر چیف پیٹی آفیسر۔				Fleet Chief Petty Officer فلیٹ چیف پیٹی آفیسر۔		Chief Petty Officer چیف پیٹی آفیسر۔		Petty Officer چھوٹا افسر۔						Leading Seaman معروف سی مین۔						Able Tech-I قابل ٹیک- I۔		Ordinary Tech-II عام ٹیک II۔
Rank group	Senior NCOs														Junior NCOs						Enlisted
Philippine Coast Guard^[21] v t e
Philippine Coast Guard^[21] v t e	Master chief petty officer		Senior chief petty officer		Chief petty officer		Petty officer, first class		Petty officer, second class	Petty officer, third class					Seaman first class						Seaman second class		Seaman apprentice
Polish Border Guard Naval units v t e
Polish Border Guard Naval units v t e	Starszy chorąży sztabowy marynarki	Chorąży sztabowy marynarki		Starszy chorąży marynarki	Chorąży marynarki		Młodszy chorąży marynarki	Bosman sztabowy	Starszy bosman	Bosman					Bosmanmat				Mat		Starszy marynarz		Marynarz
Coast Guard of the Border Service of the FSB v t e
Coast Guard of the Border Service of the FSB v t e	Старший мичман Starshy michman		Мичман Michman		Главный корабельный старшина Glavny korabelny starshina		Главный старшина Glavny starshina		Старшина 1 статьи Starshina 1 statie	Старшина 2 статьи Starshina 2 statie					Старший матрос Starshina matros				Матрос Matros
Coast Guard of São Tomé and Príncipe v t e																							No insignia
Coast Guard of São Tomé and Príncipe v t e	Sargento-mor				Sargento-chefe		Sargento-ajudante		Primeiro-sargento	Segundo-sargento	Primerio-subsargento		Subsargento		Cabo				Primeiro-marinheiro		Segundo-marinheiro		Grumete
Seychelles Coast Guard^[22] v t e																					No insignia
Seychelles Coast Guard^[22] v t e	Warrant officer class 1				Warrant officer class 2		Staff sergeant		Sergeant						Corporal				Lance corporal		Private (or equivalent)
Sri Lanka Coast Guard^[23] v t e
Sri Lanka Coast Guard^[23] v t e	Master chief petty officer				Senior chief petty officer		Chief petty officer		Petty officer						Leading rating				Able rate				Ordinary rate
Turkish Coast Guard Command^[28] v t e																							No insignia
Turkish Coast Guard Command^[28] v t e	Astsubay kıdemli başçavuş				Astsubay başçavuş		Astsubay kıdemli üstçavuş		Astsubay üstçavuş	Astsubay kıdemli çavuş		Astsubay çavuş			Kıdemli Uzman Çavuş	Uzman çavuş	Çavuş	Kıdemli Uzman Onbaşı	Uzman onbaşı	Onbaşı			Er
His Majesty's Coastguard Coastal Operations v t e
His Majesty's Coastguard Coastal Operations v t e									Station Officer (Voluntary)						Deputy Station Officer (Voluntary)						Rescue Officer (Voluntary)
U.S. Coast Guard^[25] v t e
U.S. Coast Guard^[25] v t e	Command master chief petty officer		Master chief petty officer		Senior chief petty officer		Chief petty officer		Petty officer first class	Petty officer second class					Petty officer third class				Seaman		Seaman apprentice		Seaman recruit
Vietnam Coast Guard^[27] v t e
Vietnam Coast Guard^[27] v t e					Thượng sĩ				Trung sĩ						Hạ sĩ						Binh nhất		Binh nhì
Rank group	Senior NCOs														Junior NCOs						Enlisted

India[edit]

Officers

Rank group

General / flag officers

Senior officers

Junior officers

Officer cadet

Indian Army^[29]

No insignia

Field marshal
फील्ड मार्शल

General
जनरल

Lieutenant general
लेफ्टिनेंट जनरल

Major general
मेजर जनरल

Brigadier
ब्रिगेडियर

Colonel
कर्नल

Lieutenant colonel
लेफ्टिनेंट कर्नल

Major
मेजर

Captain
कैप्टन

Lieutenant
लेफ्टिनेंट

Officer cadet

Indian Navy^[30]

Admiral
एडमिरल

Vice admiral
वाइस एडमिरल

Rear admiral
रियर एडमिरल

Commodore
कमोडोर

Captain
कैप्टन

Commander
कमांडर

Lieutenant commander
लेफ़्टिनेंट कमांडर

Lieutenant
लेफ्टिनेंट

Sub-lieutenant
सब लेफ्टिनेंट

Midshipman
मिडशिपमैन

Indian Air Force^[31]

Marshal of the Indian Air Force
मार्शल ऑफ द इंडियन एयरफोर्स

Air chief marshal
एयर चीफ मार्शल

Air marshal
एयर मार्शल

Air vice marshal
एयर वाइस मार्शल

Air commodore
एयर कमोडोर

Group captain
ग्रुप कैप्टन

Wing commander
विंग कमांडर

Squadron leader
स्क्वाड्रन लीडर

Flight lieutenant
फ्लाइट लैफ्टिनेंट

Flying officer
फ्लाइंग अफसर

Flight cadet
फ्लाइट कैडेट

Indian Coast Guard^[14]

Director general

Additional director general

Inspector general

Deputy inspector general
(3-year seniority)

Deputy inspector general

Commandant

Commandant
(Junior Grade)

Deputy commandant

Assistant commandant

Assistant commandant
(under probation)

Assistant commandant
(after phase II)

Indian Border
Roads Organisation

Director general
-

Additional Director General
-

Chief Engineer
-

Superintending Engineer
-

Executive Engineer (NFSG)
-

Executive Engineer
-

Assistant Executive Engineer
-

Assam Rifles^[32]^[33]


Director-General^{[note 3]} -	Special Director-General^{[note 4]} -	Additional Director-General^{[note 5]} -

Inspector General^{[note 6]}
-

Deputy Inspector-General^{[note 7]}
-

Commandant^{[note 8]}
-

Second-In-Command^{[note 9]}
-

Deputy Commandant^{[note 10]}
-

Assistant Commandant^{[note 11]}
-

Central Industrial Security Force^[34]^[35]


Director-General -	Special Director-General -	Additional Director-General -

Inspector General
-

Deputy Inspector-General
-

Senior Commandant
-

Commandant
-

Deputy Commandant
-

Assistant Commandant
-

Central Reserve Police Force^[36]^[37]


Director-General -	Special Director-General -	Additional Director-General -

Inspector General
-

Deputy Inspector-General
-

Commandant
-

Second-In-Command
-

Deputy Commandant
-

Assistant Commandant
-

National Security Guard^[38]

Director general
-

Additional director general
-

Inspector general
-

Deputy inspector general
-

Group Commander
-

Second In Command
-

Deputy Commander
-

Team Commander
-

Sashastra Seema Bal^[39]

Director-General
-

Additional Director-General
-

Inspector General
-

Deputy Inspector-General
-

Commandant
-

Second-In-Command
-

Deputy Commandant
-

Assistant Commandant
-

Special Frontier Force

Brigadier

Colonel

Lieutenant colonel

Major

Captain

First Lieutenant

Second Lieutenant

Rank group

General / flag officers

Senior officers

Junior officers

Officer cadet

Enlisted ranks

Rank group	Junior commissioned officers							Non commissioned officer			Enlisted
Indian Army^[29] v t e														No insignia
Indian Army^[29] v t e	Subedar-major सूबेदार मेजर				Subedar सूबेदार		Naib subedar नायब सूबेदार	Havildar हवलदार			Naik नायक		Lance naik लांस नायक	Sepoy सिपाही
Indian Navy^[30]^[40] v t e														No insignia
Indian Navy^[30]^[40] v t e	Master chief petty officer I मास्टर चीफ पेटी ऑफिसर फर्स्ट क्लास				Master chief petty officer II मास्टर चीफ पेटी ऑफिसर सेकेंड क्लास		Chief petty officer चीफ पेटी ऑफिसर	Petty officer पेटी ऑफिसर			Leading Seaman लीडिंग सीमैन			Seaman Ist class सीमैन फर्स्ट क्लास	Seaman IInd class सीमैन सेकंड क्लास
Indian Air Force^[41] v t e															No insignia
Indian Air Force^[41] v t e	Master warrant officer मास्टर वारंट अफसर				Warrant officer वारंट अफसर		Junior warrant officer जूनियर वारंट अफसर	Sergeant सार्जेंट			Corporal कॉरपोरल			Leading aircraftsman लीडिंग एयरक्राफ्ट्समैन	Aircraftsman एयरक्राफ्ट्समैन
Indian Coast Guard^[14] v t e															No insignia
Indian Coast Guard^[14] v t e	Pradhan Adhikari Pradhan Sahayak Engineer				Uttam Adhikari Uttam Sahayak Engineer		Adhikari Sahayak Engineer	Pradhan Navik Pradhan Yantrik			Uttam Navik Uttam Yantrik				Navik Yantrik
Assam Rifles^[42] v t e														No insignia
Assam Rifles^[42] v t e	Subedar Major सूबेदार मेजर				Subedar सूबेदार		Naib Subedar नायब सूबेदार	Warrant officer -	Havildar^{[note 12]} हवलदार					Rifleman^{[note 13]} -
Central Industrial Security Force^[34]^[35]^[43] v t e										No insignia
Central Industrial Security Force^[34]^[35]^[43] v t e	Inspector निरीक्षक	Sub inspector उप निरीक्षक	Assistant Sub inspector सहायक उप निरीक्षक	Head Constable हवलदार						Constable -
Central Reserve Police Force^[36]^[37] v t e												No insignia
Central Reserve Police Force^[36]^[37] v t e	Subedar Major -				Inspector -	Sub-inspector -	Assistant Sub-inspector -	Head Constable -				Constable -
National Security Guard^[38] v t e														No insignia
National Security Guard^[38] v t e	Subedar Major सूबेदार मेजर				Assistant Commander-1 -	Assistant Commander-2 -	Assistant Commander-3 -	Ranger Grade I -			Ranger Grade II -			Combatised tradesmen -
Sashastra Seema Bal^[39] v t e														No insignia
Sashastra Seema Bal^[39] v t e	Subedar Major सूबेदार मेजर				Inspector -	Sub inspector -	Assistant Sub inspector -	Head Constable -			Naik नायक		Lance Naik लांस नायक	Constable -
Special Frontier Force v t e														No insignia
Special Frontier Force v t e	Subedar Major				Subedar		Naib Subedar	Havildar			Naik		Lance Naik	Sepoy
Rank group	Junior commissioned officers							Non commissioned officer			Enlisted

^ ^a ^b "Barbados Defence Force Medal Ceremony". YouTube. Barbados Defence Force. 18 Jul 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
^ "Canadian Coast Guard Ensign and Levels of Responsibility". Canadian Coast Guard. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
^ "Canadian Coast Guard (CCG)". uniforminsignia.org. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
^ "Saltwater in the Veins – The Coast Guard: A Family of Families". Navigator Magazine. 1 September 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
^ Eric Haun (24 March 2016). "US, Canadian Coast Guards Leaders Discuss Partnership". Marine Link. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
^ "U.S., Canadian Coast Guards meet for annual ice conference in Cleveland". Defense Visual Information Distribution Service. 2 November 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
^ Chelsea Nash (4 April 2016). "Meet Jody Thomas, first woman to head the Canadian Coast Guard". The Hill Times. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
^ "Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary 2001 Uniform Policy" (PDF). ccga-pacific.org/. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
^ "Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary (CCGA)". uniforminsignia.org. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
^ Melanie Irwin (16 August 2017). "Sarnia-Lambton First Responders Condemn Float Down". blackburnnews.com. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Oznake činova". osrh.hr (in Croatian). Republic of Croatia Armed Forces. 1 April 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Grade/rank insignia of the Hellenic CG (Ministry of Merchant Marine)". Archived from the original on 3 October 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
^ ^a ^b "LANDHELGISGÆSLA ÍSLANDS STÖÐUEINKENNI" (in Icelandic). Retrieved 11 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Commodore Stephen Saunders, ed. (2004). "Ranks and insignia of the world's navies". Jane's Fighting Ships 2004–2005 (107th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. p. 50. ISBN 978-0710626233.
^ "Isle of Man Coastguard receives Best Turned Out awards for Tynwald Day 2015". 1 September 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
^ "Five Isle of Man coastguard volunteers commended for long service". 9 May 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
^ "Coastguard honoured for 20 years service". 24 October 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Defense Act of 2008" (PDF). 3 September 2008. p. 8. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
^ ^a ^b "DECRETO EJECUTIVO Nº 104" (PDF). Ministerio de Gobierno y Justicia de la República de Panamá. 13 May 2009. p. 20.
^ ^a ^b Anwar, Muhammad (1999). Role of smaller navies: a focus on Pakistan's maritime interests (snippet view) (1st ed.). Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan: Directorate of Naval Educational Services, Naval Headquarters. p. 131. ISBN 9789698318017. Retrieved 17 December 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Philippine Coast Guard Basic Training Manual". Annex D-E: Philippine Coast Guard Education Training and Doctrine Command. 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Rank structure". spdf.sc. Seychelles People's Defence Forces. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Ranks and rates". coastguard.gov.lk. Sri Lanka Coast Guard. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
^ "Turkey - Coast Guard Command - Rank Insignia". Retrieved 17 September 2021.
^ ^a ^b "U.S. Military Rank Insignia". defense.gov. Department of Defense. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
^ USCG AUX Rank
^ ^a ^b "Quy định quân hiệu, cấp hiệu, phù hiệu và lễ phục của Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam". mod.gov.vn (in Vietnamese). Ministry of Defence (Vietnam). 26 August 2009. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
^ "Turkey - Coast Guard Command - Rank Insignia". Retrieved 17 September 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Indian Army Rank Badges". indianarmy.nic.in. Indian Army. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Ranks & Insignia". Join Indian Navy. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
^ "For Officers". careerairforce.nic.in. Indian Air Force. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
^ "असम राइफल्स विनियमन 2016 - Assam Rifles Regulation 2016" (PDF). 18 November 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
^ "Two Hundred Thirteenth Report - Security Situation in the North Eastern States of India" (PDF). Department-Related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs. 19 July 2018. pp. 6–8. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
^ ^a ^b "All ranks inclusive annual governing body meeting". Central Industrial Security Force. 19 November 2018. Archived from the original on 23 September 2022 – via Facebook.
^ ^a ^b "The Central Industrial Security Force Act, 1968 (50 of 1968): (As Modified Vide Act No.14 of 1983, 20 of 1989, 40 of 1999 and 22 of 2009)" (PDF). Central Industrial Security Force. 2009. p. 18.
^ ^a ^b "The Central Reserve Police Force Rules/Regulations/Scheme,1955" (PDF). 24 February 1955.
^ ^a ^b "Career Prospects". Central Reserve Police Force. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022.
^ ^a ^b "The National Security Guard Act, 1986 (47 of 1986)" (PDF). Government of India. 22 September 1986. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Sashastra Seema Bal Rules, 2009" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs. 2009.
^ "Forwarding Nomenclature of Ranks in Navy" (PDF). 23 August 2011.
^ "For Airmen". careerairforce.nic.in. Indian Air Force. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
^ "Two Hundred Thirteenth Report - Security Situation in the North Eastern States of India" (PDF). Department-Related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs. 19 July 2018. pp. 6–8. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
^ "The Central Industrial Security Force Rank Structure". Network18 Group. 2022.

Trail of tears[edit]

^[b]

^ Student officer insignia designates school grade rather than military seniority.
^
- Political scientist Michael Rogin – "To face responsibility for specific killings might have led to efforts to stop it; to avoid individual deaths turned Indian removal into a theory of genocide."^[1]
- Indigenous studies scholar Nickey Michael and historian Beverly Jean Smith – "Over one-fourth died on the forced death marches of the 1830s. By any United Nations standard, these actions can be equated with genocide and ethnic cleansing."^[2]
- Political scientist Andrew R. Basso – "The Cherokee Trail of Tears should be understood within the context of colonial genocide in the Americas. This is yet another chapter of colonial forces acting against an indigenous group in order to secure rich and fertile lands, resources, and living spaces."^[3]
- Political scientist Barbara Harff – "One of the most enduring and abhorrent problems of the world is genocide, which is neither particular to a specific race, class, or nation, nor rooted in any one ethnocentric view of the world. […] Often democratic institutions are cited as safeguards against mass excesses. In view of the treatment of Amerindians by agents of the U.S. government, this view is unwarranted. For example, the thousands of Cherokees who died during the Trail of Tears (Cherokee Indians were forced to march in 1838-1839 from Appalachia to Oklahoma) testify that even a democratic system may tum against its people."^[4]
- Legal scholar Rennard Strickland – "There were, of course, great and tragic Indian massacres and bitter exoduses, illegal even under the laws of war. We know these acts of genocide by place names - Sand Creek, the Battle of Washita, Wounded Knee - and by their tragic poetic codes - the Trail of Tears, the Long Walk, the Cheyenne Autumn. But ... genocidal objectives have been carried out under color of law - in de Tocqueville's phrase, "legally, philanthropically, without shedding blood, and without violating a single great principle of morality in the eyes of the word." These were legally enacted policies whereby a way of life, a culture, was deliberately obliterated. As the great Indian orator Dragging Canoe concluded, "Whole Indian Nations have melted away like balls of snow in the sun leaving scarcely a name except as imperfectly recorded by their destroyers"."^[5]
- Attorney Maria Conversa – "The theft of ancestral tribal lands, the genocide of tribal members, public hostility towards Native peoples, and irreversible oppression--these are the realities that every indigenous person has had to face because of colonization. By recognizing and respecting the Muscogee Creek Nation's authority to criminally sentence its own members, the United States Supreme Court could have taken a small step towards righting these wrongs."^[6]
- Genocide education scholar Thomas Keefe – "The preparation (Stage 7) for genocide, specifically the transfer of population that "Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part" as stated in Article II of the UNCPPCG is clear in the Trail of Tears and other deportations of Native American populations from land seized for the benefit of European-American populations."^[7]
- Sociologist James V. Fenelon and historian Clifford E. Trafzer – "Instead the national government and its leaders have offered a systemic denial of genocide, the occurrence of which would be contrary to the principles of a democratic and just society. "Denial of massive death counts is common among those whose forefathers were the perpetrators of the genocide" (Stannard, 1992, p. 152) with motives of protecting "the moral reputations of those people and that country responsible," including some scholars. It took 50 years of scholarly debate for the academy to recognize well-documented genocides of the Indian removals in the 1830s, including the Cherokee Trail of Tears, as with other nations of the "Five Civilized" southeastern tribes."^[8]
- Sociologist Benjamin P. Bowser, psychologist Carol O. Word, and Kate Shaw – "There was a pattern to Indian genocide. One-by-one, each Native state was defeated militarily; successive Native generations fought and were defeated as well. As settlers became more numerous and stronger militarily, Indians became fewer and weaker militarily. In one Indian nation after the other, resistance eventually collapsed due to the death toll from violence. Then, survivors were displaced from their ancestral lands, which had sustained them for generations. […] Starting in 1830, surviving Native people, mostly Cherokee, in the Eastern US were ordered by President Andrew Jackson to march up to two thousand miles and to cross the Mississippi River to settle in Oklahoma. Thousands died on the Trail of Tears. This pattern of defeat, displacement, and victimization repeated itself in the American West. From this history, Native Americans were victims of all five Lemkin specified genocidal acts."^[9]
- Sociologist and historian Vahakn Dadrian lists the expulsion of the Cherokee as an example of utilitarian genocide, stating "the expulsion and decimation of the Cherokee Indians from the territories of the State of Georgia is symbolic of the pattern of perpetration inflicted upon the American Indian by Whites in North America."^[10]
- Genocide scholar Adam Jones – "Forced relocations of Indian populations often took the form of genocidal death marches, most infamously the "Trails of Tears" of the Cherokee and Navajo nations, which killed between 20 and 40 percent of the targeted populations en route. The barren "tribal reservations" to which survivors were consigned exacted their own grievous toll through malnutrition and disease."^[11]
- Cherokee politician Bill John Baker – "this ruthless [Indian Removal Act] policy subjected 46,000 Indians—to a forced migration under punishing conditions […] amounted to genocide, the ethnic cleansing of men, women and children, motivated by racial hatred and greed, and carried out through sadism and violence."^[12]
- Cultural studies scholar Melissa Slocum – "Rarely is the conversation about the impact of genocide on today’s generations or the overall steps that lead to genocide. As well, most curricula in the education system, from kindergarten up through to college, does not discuss in detail American Indian genocide beyond possibly a quick one-day mention of the Cherokee Trail of Tears."^[13]
- English and literary scholar Thir Bahadur Budhathoki – "On the basis of the basic concept of genocide as propounded by Rephael Lemkin, the definitions of the UN Convention and other genocide scholars, sociological perspective of genocide- modernity nexus and the philosophical understanding of such crime as an evil in its worst possible form, the fictional representation of the entire process of Cherokee removal including its antecedents and consequences represented in these novels, is genocidal in nature. However, the American government, that mostly represents the perpetrators of the process, and the Euro-American culture of the United States considered as the mainstream culture, have not acknowledged the Native American tragedy as genocide."^[14]
- Muscogee Nation Historic and Cultural Preservation Manager Rae Lynn Butler – "really was about extinguishing a race of people"; Archivist at the Cherokee Heritage Center Jerrid Miller – "The Trail of Tears was outright genocide".^[15]

Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page).

^ Lutz, Regan A. (June 1995). West of Eden: The Historiography of the Trail of Tears (PhD). University of Toledo. pp. 216–217.
^ Michael, Smith & Lowe 2021, p. 27.
^ Basso, Andrew R. (6 March 2016). "Towards a Theory of Displacement Atrocities: The Cherokee Trail of Tears, The Herero Genocide, and The Pontic Greek Genocide". Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal. 10 (1): 5–29 [15]. doi:10.5038/1911-9933.10.1.1297.
^ Harff, Barbara (1987). "The Etiology of Genocides". In Wallimann, Isidor; Dobkowski, Michael N. (eds.). The Age of Genocide: Etiology and Case Studies of Mass Death. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 41.
^ Strickland, Rennard (1986). "Genocide-at-Law: An Historic and Contemporary View of the North American Experience". University of Kansas Law Review. 713: 719.
^ Conversa, Maria (2021). "Righting the Wrongs of Native American Removal and Advocating for Tribal Recognition: A Binding Promise, The Trail of Tears, and the Philosophy of Restorative Justice". UIC Law Review. 933. University of Illinois Chicago: 4, 13.
^ Keefe, Thomas E. (13–14 April 2019). Native American Genocide: Realities and Denials. First International Conference of the Center for Holocaust, Genocide & Human Rights Studies, University of North Carolina. Charlotte. p. 21.
^ Fenelon, James V.; Trafzer, Clifford E. (2014). "From Colonialism to Denial of California Genocide to Misrepresentations: Special Issue on Indigenous Struggles in the Americas". American Behavioral Scientist. 58 (3): 3–29 [16]. doi:10.1177/0002764213495045.
^ Bowser, Benjamin P.; Word, Carl O.; Shaw, Kate (2021). "Ongoing Genocides and the Need for Healing: The Cases of Native and African Americans". Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal. 15 (3): 83–99 [86]. doi:10.5038/1911-9933.15.3.1785.
^ Dadrian, Vahakn N. (1975). "A Typology of Genocide". International Review of Modern Sociology. 5 (2): 201–212 [209]. JSTOR 41421531.
^ Jones, Adam (2006). "The conquest of the Americas". Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-203-34744-7.
^ Bracey, Earnest N. (2021). "Andrew Jackson, Black American Slavery, and the Trail of Tears: A Critical Analysis". Dialogue and Universalism. 31 (1): 119–138 [128].
^ Slocum, Melissa Michal (2018). "There Is No Question of American Indian Genocide". Transmotion. 4 (2): 1– 30 [4]. doi:10.22024/UniKent/03/tm.651.
^ Budhathoki, Thir Bahadur (December 2013). Literary Rendition of Genocide in Cherokee Fiction (MPhil). Tribhuvan University. p. 89.
^ Martin Rogers, Janna Lynell (July 2019). Decolonizing Cherokee History 1790-1830s: American Indian Holocaust, Genocidal Resistance, and Survival (MA). Oklahoma State University. p. 63.

[Medals_Parade-1] "Barbados Defence Force Medal Ceremony". YouTube. Barbados Defence Force. 18 Jul 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2022.

[3] "Canadian Coast Guard Ensign and Levels of Responsibility". Canadian Coast Guard. Retrieved 17 May 2021.

[4] "Canadian Coast Guard (CCG)". uniforminsignia.org. Retrieved 17 May 2021.

[5] "Saltwater in the Veins – The Coast Guard: A Family of Families". Navigator Magazine. 1 September 2015. Retrieved 17 May 2021.

[6] Eric Haun (24 March 2016). "US, Canadian Coast Guards Leaders Discuss Partnership". Marine Link. Retrieved 17 May 2021.

[7] "U.S., Canadian Coast Guards meet for annual ice conference in Cleveland". Defense Visual Information Distribution Service. 2 November 2017. Retrieved 17 May 2021.

[8] Chelsea Nash (4 April 2016). "Meet Jody Thomas, first woman to head the Canadian Coast Guard". The Hill Times. Retrieved 17 May 2021.

[9] "Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary 2001 Uniform Policy" (PDF). ccga-pacific.org/. Retrieved 17 May 2021.

[10] "Canadian Coast Guard Auxiliary (CCGA)". uniforminsignia.org. Retrieved 17 May 2021.

[11] Melanie Irwin (16 August 2017). "Sarnia-Lambton First Responders Condemn Float Down". blackburnnews.com. Retrieved 17 May 2021.

[Croatia-12] "Oznake činova". osrh.hr (in Croatian). Republic of Croatia Armed Forces. 1 April 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2021.

[HCG-14] "Grade/rank insignia of the Hellenic CG (Ministry of Merchant Marine)". Archived from the original on 3 October 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2017.

[Iceland_CoastGuard-15] "LANDHELGISGÆSLA ÍSLANDS STÖÐUEINKENNI" (in Icelandic). Retrieved 11 June 2021.

[jfs-0405-16] Commodore Stephen Saunders, ed. (2004). "Ranks and insignia of the world's navies". Jane's Fighting Ships 2004–2005 (107th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. p. 50. ISBN 978-0710626233.

[Tynwald_2015-17] "Isle of Man Coastguard receives Best Turned Out awards for Tynwald Day 2015". 1 September 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2020.

[18] "Five Isle of Man coastguard volunteers commended for long service". 9 May 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2020.

[19] "Coastguard honoured for 20 years service". 24 October 2018. Retrieved 10 October 2020.

[Liberia-20] "Defense Act of 2008" (PDF). 3 September 2008. p. 8. Retrieved 20 November 2017.

[No.104-21] "DECRETO EJECUTIVO Nº 104" (PDF). Ministerio de Gobierno y Justicia de la República de Panamá. 13 May 2009. p. 20.

[Maritime_Security_Agency_Ranks-22] Anwar, Muhammad (1999). Role of smaller navies: a focus on Pakistan's maritime interests (snippet view) (1st ed.). Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan: Directorate of Naval Educational Services, Naval Headquarters. p. 131. ISBN 9789698318017. Retrieved 17 December 2018.

[Philippines_CoastGuard-23] "Philippine Coast Guard Basic Training Manual". Annex D-E: Philippine Coast Guard Education Training and Doctrine Command. 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2021.

[Seychelles-24] "Rank structure". spdf.sc. Seychelles People's Defence Forces. Retrieved 4 June 2021.

[SriLankaCG-25] "Ranks and rates". coastguard.gov.lk. Sri Lanka Coast Guard. Retrieved 2 November 2022.

[26] "Turkey - Coast Guard Command - Rank Insignia". Retrieved 17 September 2021.

[Dod_Ranks-28] "U.S. Military Rank Insignia". defense.gov. Department of Defense. Retrieved 13 January 2022.

[insignia_full-29] USCG AUX Rank

[Vietnam-30] "Quy định quân hiệu, cấp hiệu, phù hiệu và lễ phục của Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam". mod.gov.vn (in Vietnamese). Ministry of Defence (Vietnam). 26 August 2009. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.

[31] "Turkey - Coast Guard Command - Rank Insignia". Retrieved 17 September 2021.

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[Turkey_Student-27] Student officer insignia designates school grade rather than military seniority.

[73] 
Political scientist Michael Rogin – "To face responsibility for specific killings might have led to efforts to stop it; to avoid individual deaths turned Indian removal into a theory of genocide."^[1]
Indigenous studies scholar Nickey Michael and historian Beverly Jean Smith – "Over one-fourth died on the forced death marches of the 1830s. By any United Nations standard, these actions can be equated with genocide and ethnic cleansing."^[2]
Political scientist Andrew R. Basso – "The Cherokee Trail of Tears should be understood within the context of colonial genocide in the Americas. This is yet another chapter of colonial forces acting against an indigenous group in order to secure rich and fertile lands, resources, and living spaces."^[3]
Political scientist Barbara Harff – "One of the most enduring and abhorrent problems of the world is genocide, which is neither particular to a specific race, class, or nation, nor rooted in any one ethnocentric view of the world. […] Often democratic institutions are cited as safeguards against mass excesses. In view of the treatment of Amerindians by agents of the U.S. government, this view is unwarranted. For example, the thousands of Cherokees who died during the Trail of Tears (Cherokee Indians were forced to march in 1838-1839 from Appalachia to Oklahoma) testify that even a democratic system may tum against its people."^[4]
Legal scholar Rennard Strickland – "There were, of course, great and tragic Indian massacres and bitter exoduses, illegal even under the laws of war. We know these acts of genocide by place names - Sand Creek, the Battle of Washita, Wounded Knee - and by their tragic poetic codes - the Trail of Tears, the Long Walk, the Cheyenne Autumn. But ... genocidal objectives have been carried out under color of law - in de Tocqueville's phrase, "legally, philanthropically, without shedding blood, and without violating a single great principle of morality in the eyes of the word." These were legally enacted policies whereby a way of life, a culture, was deliberately obliterated. As the great Indian orator Dragging Canoe concluded, "Whole Indian Nations have melted away like balls of snow in the sun leaving scarcely a name except as imperfectly recorded by their destroyers"."^[5]
Attorney Maria Conversa – "The theft of ancestral tribal lands, the genocide of tribal members, public hostility towards Native peoples, and irreversible oppression--these are the realities that every indigenous person has had to face because of colonization. By recognizing and respecting the Muscogee Creek Nation's authority to criminally sentence its own members, the United States Supreme Court could have taken a small step towards righting these wrongs."^[6]
Genocide education scholar Thomas Keefe – "The preparation (Stage 7) for genocide, specifically the transfer of population that "Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part" as stated in Article II of the UNCPPCG is clear in the Trail of Tears and other deportations of Native American populations from land seized for the benefit of European-American populations."^[7]
Sociologist James V. Fenelon and historian Clifford E. Trafzer – "Instead the national government and its leaders have offered a systemic denial of genocide, the occurrence of which would be contrary to the principles of a democratic and just society. "Denial of massive death counts is common among those whose forefathers were the perpetrators of the genocide" (Stannard, 1992, p. 152) with motives of protecting "the moral reputations of those people and that country responsible," including some scholars. It took 50 years of scholarly debate for the academy to recognize well-documented genocides of the Indian removals in the 1830s, including the Cherokee Trail of Tears, as with other nations of the "Five Civilized" southeastern tribes."^[8]
Sociologist Benjamin P. Bowser, psychologist Carol O. Word, and Kate Shaw – "There was a pattern to Indian genocide. One-by-one, each Native state was defeated militarily; successive Native generations fought and were defeated as well. As settlers became more numerous and stronger militarily, Indians became fewer and weaker militarily. In one Indian nation after the other, resistance eventually collapsed due to the death toll from violence. Then, survivors were displaced from their ancestral lands, which had sustained them for generations. […] Starting in 1830, surviving Native people, mostly Cherokee, in the Eastern US were ordered by President Andrew Jackson to march up to two thousand miles and to cross the Mississippi River to settle in Oklahoma. Thousands died on the Trail of Tears. This pattern of defeat, displacement, and victimization repeated itself in the American West. From this history, Native Americans were victims of all five Lemkin specified genocidal acts."^[9]
Sociologist and historian Vahakn Dadrian lists the expulsion of the Cherokee as an example of utilitarian genocide, stating "the expulsion and decimation of the Cherokee Indians from the territories of the State of Georgia is symbolic of the pattern of perpetration inflicted upon the American Indian by Whites in North America."^[10]
Genocide scholar Adam Jones – "Forced relocations of Indian populations often took the form of genocidal death marches, most infamously the "Trails of Tears" of the Cherokee and Navajo nations, which killed between 20 and 40 percent of the targeted populations en route. The barren "tribal reservations" to which survivors were consigned exacted their own grievous toll through malnutrition and disease."^[11]
Cherokee politician Bill John Baker – "this ruthless [Indian Removal Act] policy subjected 46,000 Indians—to a forced migration under punishing conditions […] amounted to genocide, the ethnic cleansing of men, women and children, motivated by racial hatred and greed, and carried out through sadism and violence."^[12]
Cultural studies scholar Melissa Slocum – "Rarely is the conversation about the impact of genocide on today’s generations or the overall steps that lead to genocide. As well, most curricula in the education system, from kindergarten up through to college, does not discuss in detail American Indian genocide beyond possibly a quick one-day mention of the Cherokee Trail of Tears."^[13]
English and literary scholar Thir Bahadur Budhathoki – "On the basis of the basic concept of genocide as propounded by Rephael Lemkin, the definitions of the UN Convention and other genocide scholars, sociological perspective of genocide- modernity nexus and the philosophical understanding of such crime as an evil in its worst possible form, the fictional representation of the entire process of Cherokee removal including its antecedents and consequences represented in these novels, is genocidal in nature. However, the American government, that mostly represents the perpetrators of the process, and the Euro-American culture of the United States considered as the mainstream culture, have not acknowledged the Native American tragedy as genocide."^[14]
Muscogee Nation Historic and Cultural Preservation Manager Rae Lynn Butler – "really was about extinguishing a race of people"; Archivist at the Cherokee Heritage Center Jerrid Miller – "The Trail of Tears was outright genocide".^[15]

[46] Political scientist Michael Rogin – "To face responsibility for specific killings might have led to efforts to stop it; to avoid individual deaths turned Indian removal into a theory of genocide."^[1]

[47] Indigenous studies scholar Nickey Michael and historian Beverly Jean Smith – "Over one-fourth died on the forced death marches of the 1830s. By any United Nations standard, these actions can be equated with genocide and ethnic cleansing."^[2]

[48] Political scientist Andrew R. Basso – "The Cherokee Trail of Tears should be understood within the context of colonial genocide in the Americas. This is yet another chapter of colonial forces acting against an indigenous group in order to secure rich and fertile lands, resources, and living spaces."^[3]

[49] Political scientist Barbara Harff – "One of the most enduring and abhorrent problems of the world is genocide, which is neither particular to a specific race, class, or nation, nor rooted in any one ethnocentric view of the world. […] Often democratic institutions are cited as safeguards against mass excesses. In view of the treatment of Amerindians by agents of the U.S. government, this view is unwarranted. For example, the thousands of Cherokees who died during the Trail of Tears (Cherokee Indians were forced to march in 1838-1839 from Appalachia to Oklahoma) testify that even a democratic system may tum against its people."^[4]

[50] Legal scholar Rennard Strickland – "There were, of course, great and tragic Indian massacres and bitter exoduses, illegal even under the laws of war. We know these acts of genocide by place names - Sand Creek, the Battle of Washita, Wounded Knee - and by their tragic poetic codes - the Trail of Tears, the Long Walk, the Cheyenne Autumn. But ... genocidal objectives have been carried out under color of law - in de Tocqueville's phrase, "legally, philanthropically, without shedding blood, and without violating a single great principle of morality in the eyes of the word." These were legally enacted policies whereby a way of life, a culture, was deliberately obliterated. As the great Indian orator Dragging Canoe concluded, "Whole Indian Nations have melted away like balls of snow in the sun leaving scarcely a name except as imperfectly recorded by their destroyers"."^[5]

[51] Attorney Maria Conversa – "The theft of ancestral tribal lands, the genocide of tribal members, public hostility towards Native peoples, and irreversible oppression--these are the realities that every indigenous person has had to face because of colonization. By recognizing and respecting the Muscogee Creek Nation's authority to criminally sentence its own members, the United States Supreme Court could have taken a small step towards righting these wrongs."^[6]

[52] Genocide education scholar Thomas Keefe – "The preparation (Stage 7) for genocide, specifically the transfer of population that "Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part" as stated in Article II of the UNCPPCG is clear in the Trail of Tears and other deportations of Native American populations from land seized for the benefit of European-American populations."^[7]

[53] Sociologist James V. Fenelon and historian Clifford E. Trafzer – "Instead the national government and its leaders have offered a systemic denial of genocide, the occurrence of which would be contrary to the principles of a democratic and just society. "Denial of massive death counts is common among those whose forefathers were the perpetrators of the genocide" (Stannard, 1992, p. 152) with motives of protecting "the moral reputations of those people and that country responsible," including some scholars. It took 50 years of scholarly debate for the academy to recognize well-documented genocides of the Indian removals in the 1830s, including the Cherokee Trail of Tears, as with other nations of the "Five Civilized" southeastern tribes."^[8]

[54] Sociologist Benjamin P. Bowser, psychologist Carol O. Word, and Kate Shaw – "There was a pattern to Indian genocide. One-by-one, each Native state was defeated militarily; successive Native generations fought and were defeated as well. As settlers became more numerous and stronger militarily, Indians became fewer and weaker militarily. In one Indian nation after the other, resistance eventually collapsed due to the death toll from violence. Then, survivors were displaced from their ancestral lands, which had sustained them for generations. […] Starting in 1830, surviving Native people, mostly Cherokee, in the Eastern US were ordered by President Andrew Jackson to march up to two thousand miles and to cross the Mississippi River to settle in Oklahoma. Thousands died on the Trail of Tears. This pattern of defeat, displacement, and victimization repeated itself in the American West. From this history, Native Americans were victims of all five Lemkin specified genocidal acts."^[9]

[55] Sociologist and historian Vahakn Dadrian lists the expulsion of the Cherokee as an example of utilitarian genocide, stating "the expulsion and decimation of the Cherokee Indians from the territories of the State of Georgia is symbolic of the pattern of perpetration inflicted upon the American Indian by Whites in North America."^[10]

[56] Genocide scholar Adam Jones – "Forced relocations of Indian populations often took the form of genocidal death marches, most infamously the "Trails of Tears" of the Cherokee and Navajo nations, which killed between 20 and 40 percent of the targeted populations en route. The barren "tribal reservations" to which survivors were consigned exacted their own grievous toll through malnutrition and disease."^[11]

[57] Cherokee politician Bill John Baker – "this ruthless [Indian Removal Act] policy subjected 46,000 Indians—to a forced migration under punishing conditions […] amounted to genocide, the ethnic cleansing of men, women and children, motivated by racial hatred and greed, and carried out through sadism and violence."^[12]

[58] Cultural studies scholar Melissa Slocum – "Rarely is the conversation about the impact of genocide on today’s generations or the overall steps that lead to genocide. As well, most curricula in the education system, from kindergarten up through to college, does not discuss in detail American Indian genocide beyond possibly a quick one-day mention of the Cherokee Trail of Tears."^[13]

[59] English and literary scholar Thir Bahadur Budhathoki – "On the basis of the basic concept of genocide as propounded by Rephael Lemkin, the definitions of the UN Convention and other genocide scholars, sociological perspective of genocide- modernity nexus and the philosophical understanding of such crime as an evil in its worst possible form, the fictional representation of the entire process of Cherokee removal including its antecedents and consequences represented in these novels, is genocidal in nature. However, the American government, that mostly represents the perpetrators of the process, and the Euro-American culture of the United States considered as the mainstream culture, have not acknowledged the Native American tragedy as genocide."^[14]

[60] Muscogee Nation Historic and Cultural Preservation Manager Rae Lynn Butler – "really was about extinguishing a race of people"; Archivist at the Cherokee Heritage Center Jerrid Miller – "The Trail of Tears was outright genocide".^[15]

[58] Lutz, Regan A. (June 1995). West of Eden: The Historiography of the Trail of Tears (PhD). University of Toledo. pp. 216–217.

[FOOTNOTEMichaelSmithLowe202127-59] Michael, Smith & Lowe 2021, p. 27.

[60] Basso, Andrew R. (6 March 2016). "Towards a Theory of Displacement Atrocities: The Cherokee Trail of Tears, The Herero Genocide, and The Pontic Greek Genocide". Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal. 10 (1): 5–29 [15]. doi:10.5038/1911-9933.10.1.1297.

[61] Harff, Barbara (1987). "The Etiology of Genocides". In Wallimann, Isidor; Dobkowski, Michael N. (eds.). The Age of Genocide: Etiology and Case Studies of Mass Death. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 41.

[62] Strickland, Rennard (1986). "Genocide-at-Law: An Historic and Contemporary View of the North American Experience". University of Kansas Law Review. 713: 719.

[63] Conversa, Maria (2021). "Righting the Wrongs of Native American Removal and Advocating for Tribal Recognition: A Binding Promise, The Trail of Tears, and the Philosophy of Restorative Justice". UIC Law Review. 933. University of Illinois Chicago: 4, 13.

[64] Keefe, Thomas E. (13–14 April 2019). Native American Genocide: Realities and Denials. First International Conference of the Center for Holocaust, Genocide & Human Rights Studies, University of North Carolina. Charlotte. p. 21.

[65] Fenelon, James V.; Trafzer, Clifford E. (2014). "From Colonialism to Denial of California Genocide to Misrepresentations: Special Issue on Indigenous Struggles in the Americas". American Behavioral Scientist. 58 (3): 3–29 [16]. doi:10.1177/0002764213495045.

[66] Bowser, Benjamin P.; Word, Carl O.; Shaw, Kate (2021). "Ongoing Genocides and the Need for Healing: The Cases of Native and African Americans". Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal. 15 (3): 83–99 [86]. doi:10.5038/1911-9933.15.3.1785.

[67] Dadrian, Vahakn N. (1975). "A Typology of Genocide". International Review of Modern Sociology. 5 (2): 201–212 [209]. JSTOR 41421531.

[68] Jones, Adam (2006). "The conquest of the Americas". Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-203-34744-7.

[69] Bracey, Earnest N. (2021). "Andrew Jackson, Black American Slavery, and the Trail of Tears: A Critical Analysis". Dialogue and Universalism. 31 (1): 119–138 [128].

[70] Slocum, Melissa Michal (2018). "There Is No Question of American Indian Genocide". Transmotion. 4 (2): 1– 30 [4]. doi:10.22024/UniKent/03/tm.651.

[71] Budhathoki, Thir Bahadur (December 2013). Literary Rendition of Genocide in Cherokee Fiction (MPhil). Tribhuvan University. p. 89.

[72] Martin Rogers, Janna Lynell (July 2019). Decolonizing Cherokee History 1790-1830s: American Indian Holocaust, Genocidal Resistance, and Survival (MA). Oklahoma State University. p. 63.

[1]

[note 1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[note 2]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[a]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[note 3]

[note 4]

[note 5]

[note 6]

[note 7]

[note 8]

[note 9]

[note 10]

[note 11]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[note 12]

[note 13]

[43]

[b]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]