User:JamesChidworth88/sandbox

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The Corn Refiners Association (CRA) is a trade association based in Washington, D.C.. It represents the corn refining industry in the United States. Corn refining encompasses the production of corn starch, corn oil, and high fructose corn syrup (HFCS).

Issues[edit]

Antitrust law[edit]

The CRA opposed the merger of the Union Pacific and Southern Pacific railroads because it would reduce competition and raise shipping prices.[1]

Biofuels[edit]

The Corn Refiners Association worked with the University of Illinois and the Agricultural Research Service to create computer models of ethanol production costs.[2]

The Corn Refiners Association brought suit in Renewable Fuels Association et al. v. EPA along with other trade groups. The trial court held that the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) exceeded its authority when it granted exemptions to the Renewable Fuel Standard. They appealed the district court decison to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.[3]

Biotech[edit]

In 2019, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) proposed rules that would streamline the regulation of biotech crops including those that are genetically engineered. The rules would exempt such crops from regulation if the changes they introduce could have been made through traditional breeding methods. The proposed rules would give biotech firms three options: self-declaring their products as exempt, seeking an exemption letter from the UDSA, or asking the USDA to determine if the traits in question should be exempted or regulated. The CRA, alogn with other industry groups, strongly opposed this rule change on the grounds that trade and consumer confidence in agricultural products could be compromised.[4]

High fructose corn syrup[edit]

The CRA launched a public relations campaign in 2008 called “Changing the Conversation about High Fructose Corn Syrup” (HFCS).[5] Initial commercials stated that HFCS was "natural".[6] On May 31, 2012, the Food and Drug Administration rejected the name change.[7]

In direct response to the commercials, Michael Jacobson, executive director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest argued against the content of the ads.[6]

The claim that HFCS is safe in moderation has also been criticized, as HFCS is used in tens of thousands of products in America, including soda, bread, pasta sauce, barbecue sauce, ketchup, salad dressing, fruit juice, cereal, meat products, chips, as well as "health products" such as protein bars, the average American does not eat HFCS in moderation. The article stated, "...unless you're making a concerted effort to avoid it, it's pretty difficult to consume high-fructose corn syrup in moderation."[6]

TIME stated that the CRA's decision to change the name of HFCS was because HFCS had such a bad reputation.[8] In response to the proposed name change, The New York Times ran an article asking nutrition experts what they would suggest as appropriate names for HFCS. Three of the five experts recommended alternate names, including Michael Pollan who suggested "enzymatically altered corn glucose". Dr Andrew Weil recommended not changing from HFCS, calling the term Corn sugar "too vague" and the CRA's attempt to change HFCS's name "Orwellian". However Dr Barry Popkin felt that "corn sugar" was an appropriate term.[9][10]

In 2010, the CRA approached bloggers who run mom blogs, through the organization MomCentral.com.[11] Bloggers were extended offers of $50 Wal-Mart gift certificates in exchange for writing about a CRA sponsored seminar that made the claims that high fructose corn syrup is safe and healthy. Several prominent bloggers criticized the CRA's methods as well as the bloggers who passed on the information presented by CRA.[12]

Trade[edit]

In 1991, the Netherlands implemented trade barriers that affected American corn growers and refiners such as implementing a maximum allowable content for fat and starch that would have effectively ended the duty-free status of corn-based gluten meal by reclassifying most of it as animal feed. The tariffs would have been roughly $100-to-$175 per metric ton. The CRA opposed these trade restrictions. A compromise trade deal was reached in 1992.[13][14][15]

The CRA has expressed strong support for the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) free trade deal.[16] The CRA and other trade groups sponsored the Farmers for Free Trade Motorcade for Trade. THe motorcade traveled extensively through rural areas of the United States to promote approval of the USMCA. The motorcade was intended to raise awarness of the link between free trade and farm income and influence members of Congress, especially freshman lawmakers elected in 2018.[17]

In the late 1990s, Mexico erected trade barriers on corn-based sweeteners made in the United States and then implemented a 20% on soft drinks in 2002. This ignited a decade long dispute. The World Trade Organization eventually ruled that the soft-drink tax was illegal. Mexico and the United States reached an agreement to phase them out starting in October of 2006 and ending in zero tariffs in 2008.[18]

The CRA expressed support for the preliminary trade deal reached between the United States and China in December of 2019.[19]

Leadership[edit]

As of 2020, the president and CEO of CRA was John Bode.[17][16]

Members[edit]

Members of the CRA include Archer Daniels Midland, Cargill, Ingredion, Roquette America, Inc. and Tate & Lyle Ingredients Americas.[20]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Lang, Dan (1996). "AFFECTIONS STILL ALIENATED OFF THE RECORD, SHIPPERS DON'T HOLD THEIR PEACE ABOUT UP-SP MARRIAGE". Journal of Commerce.
  2. ^ Staff (1 August 2004). "COMPUTER MODELS HELP GUIDE ETHANOL PRODUCTION RESEARCH". Corn and Soybean Digest.
  3. ^ Staff (10 March 2020). "Ethanol, Farm Groups Respond as Administration Mulls Appeal of Tenth Circuit SRE Ruling". Hoosier Ag Today. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  4. ^ Staff (7 August 2019). "USDA plan to ease biotech regs splits industry". AgriPulse. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  5. ^ "Our Mission". sweetsuprise.com. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
  6. ^ a b c McLaughlin, Lisa (September 17, 2008). "Is High-Fructose Corn Syrup Really Good for You?". Time Magazine. Retrieved June 19, 2010.
  7. ^ Landa, Michael (May 31, 2012). "Response to Petition from Corn Refiners Association to Authorize "Corn Sugar" as an Alternate Common or Usual Name for High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS)". Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  8. ^ Melnick, Meredith (September 14, 2010). "High Fructose Corn Syrup Wants A New Name". Time Magazine. Retrieved October 27, 2010.
  9. ^ Parker-Pope, Tara (September 23, 2010). "Help Rename High-Fructose Corn Syrup". The New York Times. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
  10. ^ Andrew Weil (September 24, 2010). "Fortunately, 'Corn Sugar' Has Become a Sticky PR Mess". The Huffington Post. Retrieved October 27, 2010.
  11. ^ Edwards, Jim (September 13, 2010). "Inside the Mommy-Blog-Industrial Complex, Where Chemical Companies Write Posts for Parents". BNET. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
  12. ^ Warner, Melanie (October 15, 2010). "High Fructose Corn Syrup's Latest PR Target: Mommy Bloggers". BNET. Retrieved December 23, 2010.
  13. ^ Crissaful, Patricia (1991). "US-DUTCH CORN GLUTEN FEUD THRREATENS TO EMBROIL EC". Journal of Commerce.
  14. ^ "EC MINISTERS APPROVE GLUTEN LIMITS". Journal of Commerce. Knight-Ridder Financia. 1991.
  15. ^ Commins, Patricia (1992). "US, EC REACH "CEASE-FIRE' PACT IN GLUTEN DISPUTE". Journal of Commerce.
  16. ^ a b "Senate Passes USMCA Trade Deal". Transport Topics. 16 January 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  17. ^ a b "The Hagstrom Report: Farmers' Motorcade for Trade ends tour at Reagan World Trade Center". the Fence Post. 16 September 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  18. ^ Staff (28 July 2006). "Corn Refiners Welcome HFCS Deal with Mexico". AgWeb.com.
  19. ^ Megan, Cassella (13 December 2019). "U.S., China strike preliminary deal". POLITICO. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
  20. ^ Corn Refiners Association (October 2010). "Corn Refiners Association Member Companies Domestic and International Plant Locations". Corn Refiners Association. Retrieved December 23, 2010.

External links[edit]

Category:Agricultural organizations based in the United States Category:Maize

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