User:QuartierLatin1968/sandbox

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  "Minsk"
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  "Kournikova"
  "Cinder"

New-York Daily Tribune. (New-York [N.Y.]), 19 Sept. 1844. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030213/1844-09-19/ed-1/seq-2/

For Faustina the Elder:

Honorary titles
Vacant
Title last held by
Sabina 		Augusta
138–140 		Vacant
Title next held by
Faustina the Younger
Roman empress
138–140

For Valeria Messalina (empress who was never Augusta):

Honorary titles
Preceded by Roman empress
41–48 		Vacant
Title next held by
Agrippina Minor

For Matidia (Augusta who was never empress):

Honorary titles
Preceded by Augusta
112–119 		Succeeded by

For Antonia Minor:

Honorary titles
Preceded by Augusta
41ff.
(posthumous honour) 		Succeeded by

For Agrippina Minor (both but with different predecessors/successors):

Honorary titles
Vacant
Title last held by
Valeria Messalina 		Roman empress
49–54 		Succeeded by
Vacant
Title last held by
Antonia Minor 		Augusta
50–59 		Vacant
Title next held by
Poppaea Sabina

{{Celtic mythology}} New signature; thought I'd let you know. Q·L·1968 ☿ 19:21, 5 October 2006 (UTC)

Pensen en els que lluiten[edit]

Medium-term to-do list[edit]

Citations[edit]

  • Nicole Jufer & Thierry Luginbühl (2001). ''Les dieux gaulois : répertoire des noms de divinités celtiques connus par l'épigraphie, les textes antiques et la toponymie.'' Paris: Editions Errance. ISBN 2-87772-200-7. {{fr icon}}
  • Greg Woolf (1998). ''Becoming Roman: The Origins of Provincial Civilization in Gaul.'' Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-78982-6.
  • Jeannot Metzler. "Le Luxembourg avant le Luxembourg." In ''Histoire du Luxembourg : Le destin européen d'un « petit pays »'' (ed. Gilbert Trausch, 2003). Toulouse: Éditions Privat. ISBN 2-7089-4773-7. {{fr icon}}
  • Jean-Louis Brunaux (2006). ''Les Druides : Des philosophes chez les Barbares.'' Paris: Éditions du Seuil. ISBN 2-02-079653-8. {{fr icon}}
  • <ref name="Wightman">Edith Mary Wightman (1970). ''Roman Trier and the Treveri.'' Rupert Hart-Davis, London.<ref>
To cite GeoffMGleadall's lexica
  • <ref name="CAWCS">[http://www.wales.ac.uk/documents/external/cawcs/PCl-MoE.pdf Proto-Celtic—English lexicon] and [http://www.wales.ac.uk/documents/external/cawcs/MoE-PCl.pdf English—Proto-Celtic lexicon]. [[University of Wales]] Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies. (See also [http://www.wales.ac.uk/newpages/EXTERNAL/E4504.asp this page] for background and disclaimers.) Cf. also the [http://www.indo-european.nl/cgi-bin/query.cgi?root=leiden&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cceltic University of Leiden database].</ref>

Celtic cleanup project[edit]

Be suspicious of Celtic religion articles contributed by User:TUF-KAT in mid-September 2002. I think he closely followed www,gallica.co.uk, a site with plenty of useful stuff, but their section on 'gods' is mostly patent nonsense.

Suspected {{Hoax}}es or nonsense[edit]

(Use subst {{tl}} from now on.)

Orphaned articles that probably deserve parents[edit]

In need of cleanup[edit]

In desire of maps[edit]

Create-worthy[edit]

Antonine family tree[edit]

  • (1)=1st spouse
  • (2)=2nd spouse (not shown)
  • (3)=3rd spouse
  • SMALL CAPS=posthumously deified (Augustus, Augusta, or other)
NERVA
MARCIANATRAJAN, adoptive sonPLOTINA
L. Scribonius Libo Rupilo (3)MATIDIAL. Vibius Sabinus (1)
Rupilia AnniaM. Annius VerusRupilia FaustinaSABINAHADRIAN, adoptive son
Domitia LucillaM. Annius VerusM. Annius LiboFAUSTINAANTONINUS, adoptive sonL. Aelius Caesar, adoptive son
CornificiaMARCUS AURELIUS, adoptive sonFAUSTINA Iunior
VERUS, adoptive son
FadillaCornificiaCOMMODUSnine other childrenLucilla

User:QuartierLatin1968/Hittite tree

Palladian public buildings?[edit]

Mercury[edit]

Old World[edit]

New World[edit]

Gods of Nemrud[edit]

  • Smith, R. R. R. (2012). Gods of Nemrud: The Royal Sanctuary of Antiochos I & the Kingdom of Commagene. Photographs by Ahmet Ertuğ. Ertuğ & Kocabıyık. ISBN 978-0-9548077-4-0.
  • p10: Commagene under Tigranes' rule from about 90 to 70 BCE
  • p10: one of the "compliant client-kingdoms to act as buffers between her [Rome's] own sphere and that of Parthia, the new great power in the East"
  • p10: Zeugma and Samosata the kingdom's two Euphrates crossings
  • p10: "occupied a strategic liminal position between the Roman and Parthian spheres of power, analogous to that of Armenia to the north and Cilicia and northern Syria to the south"
  • p12: "Antiochos' full official title was: Basileus Megas Antiochos Theos Dikaios Epiphanēs Philorhomaios kai Philhellēn – 'Great King Antiochos, God, Just, Manifest, Friend of the Romans and Friend of the Greeks'."
  • p12: "he wrote (and surely spoke) in Greek, but by using Philhellēn he showed immediately he did not consider himself actually to be a Greek."
  • p13-14: contrast hierothesia or tomb-sanctuaries (viz. Arsameia on the Euphrates = Gerger, Arsameia on the Nymphaios = Arsameia, and Nemrud Dağ) with temenē without tombs
  • p14: at Sofraz Köy was "a temenos dedicated to Apollo and Artemis Dictynna"
  • p14: four other enthroned gods "are called synthronoi theoi, or 'throne-sharing gods'", viz. (1) himself, (2) Kommagene, (3) Zeus-Oromasdes, (4) Apollo-Mithras-Helios-Hermes, and (5) Artagnes-Herakles-Ares
  • p14: Ahura Mazda supreme deity in Zoroastrianism, Mithras and Artagnes "were minor Mazdaean deities, subordinates and aides of Ahura Mazda. They [= presumably all five synthronoi theoi] appear here for the first time in these combinations."
  • p14: "Roman Mithraic mysteries are a long way off, and Commagene probably has little to do with them."
  • p15: text of the inscriptions published in D. H. Sanders (1996). Nemrud Dağı. The Hierothesion of Antiochos I of Commagene. Results of the American Excavations Directed by Theresa B. Goell. Winona Lake.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • p16: his kingdom "'the common dwelling place of all the gods'"
  • p18: "Antiochos' cult is the very best documented example of a centrally organized Hellenistic royal cult."
  • p18: "cult statues, festivals, sacrifices, and meals in honour of the king and gods. The ritual is perhaps a little colourless. There is no mention of hymns, games, competitions, nor of special clothes or wreathes, or exciting taboos for the participants"
  • p18: priests must wear Persian dress, though "Some of the main elements of the cult and its ritual as described in the texts are Greek in character"; outdoor worship on a mountain-top, with open-air cult statues, also "local and Iranian elements". But no fire altars, no soma, no good-versus-evil dualism. "In the inscriptions, the cult ideas then are mainly Greek with some eastern overlay. The eastern component emerges more strongly in the images."
  • p19: "These syncretic gods probably had no independent life in Commagene (or elsewhere) outside the royal cult – they were explicitly basilikoi daimones, 'royal gods'."
  • p19: "Antiochos' monuments are not much like anything earlier, and they are entirely without artistic progeny in this precise manner later."
  • p19: "The scale and method of construction are clearly of Pharaonic inspiration."
  • p20: combination of five-pointed crown (kitaris or tiara) and clean-shaven look are copied by Antiochus from Tigranes' style; also wears diadem (white cloth band tied around head), tunic, leggings, cloak, skirt, and has sceptre: "probably the contemporary horse-riding costume of the Armenian and Parthian elite"
  • p20: in dexiosis images, Artagnes-Herakles "is entirely Herakles" (club, lion skin, etc.)
  • p20-21: Kommagene has a modius and cornucopia; Zeus-Oromasdes and Apollo-Mithras-Helios-Hermes wear conical "so-called 'Persian' tiara" or Phrygian cap (radiate in dexioseis); Artagnes-Herakles-Ares has a club; bundles of tamarisk twigs born by the three Olympian synthronoi
  • p21: "There is no trace of the time-honoured iconography of Mesopotamian or Iranian divine power: no horned, winged, or animal-headed deities, no busts in winged discs."
  • p22: carvers perhaps displaced artisans from Seleucid kingdom, now kaput
  • p23: "Antiochos could not know that he was not going to found a long and glorious kingdom and a model of Persian-Greek style that would last for centuries. [...] in Antiochos' monuments, a strong blazing light is shone on one of history's many dead-ends and roads not taken."
  • p23: "flirted with Parthian allegiance three times – in 69, 64, and 38 BC [sic] – but Lucullus, Pompeius, and Antonius, respectively, put paid to such ambitions."
  • p23: no evidence of popular votives at the sanctuaries
  • p24: "one of the best-documented case-studies of advanced megalomania in the ancient world"
  • p24: Vespasian exiles the royal family in 72 CE
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