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Formality or formal concentration is defined as the number of gram formula masses of solute present in one liter of solution. It is denoted by the symbol F.[1]
A solution with formality equal to one is called a formal solution.
It is commonly used in expressing concentration of ionic solutes and other electrolytes, which when dissolved do not exist in molecular form.[2] Further, the constituents are present as a network of ions in ionic solutes and not as discrete molecules. Hence only empirical formulas are known and concentration has to be expressed in terms of formula mass.[3][4]
Formality defines the makeup concentration while molarity denotes equilibrium concentration.[5][6] If the substance dissolves without any dissociation, then molarity and formality will be equal to each other.[7]
Like molarity and normality, formality changes with temperature.[8]
Expression
[edit]The mathematical expression for formality, is given by,[3][9]
- where is the gram formula mass of the constituent (ratio of mass of the constituent taken to the formula mass of it), and the volume of solution.
i.e., Formality = Mass of solute present/Formula mass of solute × Volume of solution
References
[edit]- ^ "Concentration of Solutions". Retrieved January 06, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ Boikess Robert (1 September 2009). How To Solve General Chemistry Problems, 8/E. Pearson Education. p. 248. ISBN 978-81-317-3341-7. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
- ^ a b . S. Chand. p. 351. ISBN 978-81-219-2046-9 http://books.google.com/books?id=TvDr56n75FcC&pg=PA351. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
{{cite book}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ VP Tyagi. Essential Chemistry Xii. Ratna Sagar. p. 2. ISBN 978-81-8332-571-4. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
- ^ Gary D. Christian (1 January 2007). Analytical Chemistry, 6th Ed. Wiley India Pvt. Limited. p. 147. ISBN 978-81-265-1113-6. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
- ^ Gopalan, R. (2009). Inorganic Chemistry For Undergraduates. Universities Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-81-7371-660-7. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
- ^ "Molarity and Formality". Retrieved January 06, 2013.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ Dr. N . K. Verma, Prof. S. K. Khanna, Dr. B. Kapila. Comprehensive Chemistry XII. Laxmi Publications. p. 201. ISBN 978-81-7008-752-6. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Dr. A. V. Kasture (7 November 2008). Pharmaceutical Analysis Vol. - I. Pragati Books Pvt. Ltd. p. 3. ISBN 978-81-85790-07-7. Retrieved 3 March 2013.