User talk:Kevin.Schneider
Carnism is the belief system, or ideology, in which it’s considered ethical to consume (certain) animals. Carnism is essentially the opposite of vegetarianism or veganism.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Carnism was coined by social psychologist Dr. Melanie Joy in 2001[7]. Dr. Joy claims that because carnism is a dominant, violent ideology it has remained unnamed and invisible so that meat eating has seemed a given rather than a choice; according to Joy, when eating meat isn’t a necessity for survival, it’s a choice, and choices always stem from beliefs. Joy maintains that because of the violence inherent in carnism (modern meat production requires intensive and extensive violence toward animals), the system uses a set of social and psychological defense mechanisms to distort people’s perceptions and block their awareness and empathy when they eat meat, enabling humane people to participate in inhumane practices without realizing what they’re doing.[8][9][10][11][12]
Joy suggests that carnism exists across cultures where eating meat is a choice rather than a necessity. In meat-eating cultures around the world people tend to find a small handful out of thousands of animal species edible and view the rest as disgusting[13]. According to Joy, though the type of animal consumed may change, the belief system itself does not. And, Joy argues, in modern, meat-eating societies, the species a culture deems edible is not based on logic or economics but simply on conditioning[14].
Joy distinguishes carnists (those who eat meat) from carnivores—which are animals, human or nonhuman, that need to ingest flesh to survive—and also from omnivores—which are animals that can survive ingesting both plant and animal matter. “Carnivore” and “omnivore” refer to one’s biological predisposition, but when eating meat is a choice this behavior is based on ideology, not biology. Joy also says that the term “meat eater” is inaccurate in that it presents the behavior as though it were divorced from a belief system—which is why, for example, vegetarians are not referred to as “plant eaters”[15][16]. Joy also explains that the term “carnist” is meant to be descriptive, not pejorative, just as, for instance, Buddhist, capitalist, or socialist simply describe a person who acts in accordance with a particular belief system.
Carnism versus Speciesism
Speciesism is the ideology in which it is considered appropriate to value some animals over others (with humans at the top of the hierarchy). Carnism is the ideology in which it’s considered appropriate to eat some of the animals on the lower rungs of the speciesist hierarchy. Carnism is a “subideology” of speciesism, just as anti-Semitism, for instance, is a subideology of racism. Carnism, like anti-Semitism, is a specific expression of a broader ideology.Kevin.Schneider (talk) 19:11, 21 March 2010 (UTC)
Notes[edit]
Joy, M. (2009). "Eating Consciously," http://eatingconsciously.blogspot.com/2009/10/guest-blogger-melanie-joy-phd-edm.html
Joy, M. (2009). "Understanding the mentality of meat to communicate more effectively with meat eaters," Compassionate Action for Animals Newsletter. http://www.exploreveg.org/news/understanding-the-mentality-of-meat-to-communicate-more-effectively-with-meat-eaters
Joy, M. (2009). "The mentality of meat: What vegetarians need to know to better relate and advocate to meat eaters," Vegetarian Voice 31(2), 6-7; 16-17.
Joy, M. (2005). "Humanistic psychology and animal rights: Reconsidering the boundaries of the humanistic ethic," Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 45(1), 106-130.
Joy, M. (2004). "Food for thought: Carnism and the psychology of eating meat," VegFamily, March.
Joy, M. (2002). "Toward a non-speciesist psychoethic," Society and Animals, 10(4), 457-458.
Joy, M. (2001). "Toward a universal consciousness," Satya, 8(3), 14.
Joy, M. (2001). "The commodification of life: Nonhuman animals and the FTAA," Satya, 8(1), 36.
Joy, M. (2001). "From carnivore to carnist: Liberating the language of meat," Satya, 8(2), 26-27.
Pilisuk, M. & Joy, M. (2000). "Humanistic psychology and ecology," In K. J. Schneider, J. T. Bugental, & J. F. Pierson (Eds.), The handbook of humanistic psychology: Leading edges in theory, research and practice(pp. 101-114). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Logue, C. (2009). "Love in the time of carnism," Making Hay. http://farmsanctuary.typepad.com/making_hay/2009/10/love-in-the-time-of-carnism.html
Kook, V. K., & Agrawal, R. (2009). "The psychology of nonkilling," Toward a Nonkilling Paradigm, Ed. Joám Evans Pim. (pp. 349 – 367). http://www.nonkilling.org/pdf/volume_toward.pdf
Kheel, M. (2007). Nature Ethics: An Ecofeminist Perspective. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
Cicerone, P. E. (2006). "L’Alternative Nel Piatto," Mente & Cervello, 19(4), 44-49.
Iacobbo, K. & Iacobbo, M. (2006). Vegetarians and Vegans in America Today. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Carnism on the Radio
KPFA public radio – the Morning Show. http://www.kpfa.org/archive/id/58549
Talking Animals. http://www.talkinganimals.net/archives_synopses_11.html#02032010
WYPR public radio Midday with Dan Rodricks. http://www.publicbroadcasting.net/wypr/.jukebox?action=viewMedia&mediaId=884561
Earthsave Radio. http://www.earthsave.org/radioarchive.html
KTEP public radio – Animal Concerns of Texas. http://www.ktep.org/program_detail.sstg?id=103
106.9 FM HD-3 – Everything Animal. http://www.wellnessrdshow.com/archives/shows/?id=100223
BBC World Service Documentary, "Animals and Us," Part 1. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p005k2zy
Animal Voices Radio. http://archive.animalvoices.org/2009-12-11.mp3
Eating Consciously Podcast – The Psychology of Carnism. http://eatingconsciouslypodcast.blogspot.com/2009/08/podcast-13-psychology-of-carnism-with.html
Animal Voices Radio – Strategic Action for Animals. http://www.animalvoices.org/
Vegan Radio, Show #69 – Strategic Action for Animals. http://veganradio.com/archive.php?num=69
Your Call Radio (NPR affiliate) – Eating Less Meat to Save the Planet. http://a4.g.akamai.net/7/4/27043/v0001/kalw.download.akamai.com/27043/YourCall/100208yc.mp3
Vegan Freak Radio, Show #29 – The Psychology of Carnism. http://veganfreakradio.com/index.php?id=47
Carnism on Television
To the Contrary (PBS). http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GrOuYhXwET8&feature=related
Supreme Master TV Interview with Melanie Joy Part 1. http://www.suprememastertv.com/download/?wr_id=7050&url=link2
Supreme Master TV Interview with Melanie Joy Part 2. http://suprememastertv.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=download&wr_id=7057&goto_url=&sfl=ca_name&stx=aw&sop=and&url=link2&year=&month=&day=
Carnism in Print Interviews
EcoGuerilla. http://www.ecoguerilla.org/interviews/melanie-joy-interview/74/1072
Bitch Magazine: Part 1. http://bitchmagazine.org/post/the-biotic-woman-a-conversation-about-carnism-with-melanie-joy-pt-1
Bitch Magazine: Part 2. http://bitchmagazine.org/post/the-biotic-woman-a-conversation-about-carnism-with-melanie-joy-pt-2
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