Vincetoxicum

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Vincetoxicum
Vincetoxicum nigrum02.jpg
Vincetoxicum nigrum
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Subfamily: Asclepiadoideae
Tribe: Asclepiadeae
Genus: Vincetoxicum
Wolf 1776 not Walter 1788
Type species
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria
Medik.
Synonyms[1]
List

Vincetoxicum is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Although the species in Vincetoxicum have sometimes been included in Cynanchum,[2][3] chemical and molecular evidence shows that Vincetoxicum is more closely related to Tylophora.[4][5] The generic name means "poison-beater" in Botanical Latin because of the plants' supposed antidotal effects against snakebite.[6]

Species[edit]

Species accepted by the Plants of the World Online as of January 2023:[1]

formerly included

moved to other genera (Alexitoxicon, Ampelamus, Antitoxicum, Asclepias, Blyttia, Cynanchum, Dictyanthus, Diplolepis, Gonolobus, Heterostemma, Ischnostemma, Macroscepis, Matelea, Orthosia, Pentatropis, Petalostelma, Polystemma, Seutera, Telminostelma, Tylophora)

  1. V. abyssinicum - Cynanchum abyssinicum
  2. V. acutissimum - Matelea acutissima
  3. V. acutum - Cynanchum acutum
  4. V. adalinae - Cynanchum adalinae
  5. V. adenocardium - Matelea adenocardia
  6. V. affine - Cynanchum mooreanum
  7. V. africanum - Cynanchum africanum
  8. V. alabamense - Matelea alabamensis
  9. V. alatum - Cynanchum alatum
  10. V. albidum - Alexitoxicon albidum
  11. V. alpicolum - Alexitoxicon alpicola
  12. V. ambiguum - Cynanchum ambiguum
  13. V. amplexicaule - Cynanchum amplexicaule
  14. V. angulatum - Orthosia scoparia
  15. V. angustilobum - Matelea angustiloba
  16. V. aphyllum - Orthosia scoparia
  17. V. arenosum - Cynanchum arenosum
  18. V. ascyrifolium - Cynanchum ascyrifolium
  19. V. asperum - Gonolobus asper
  20. V. astephanoides - Marsdenia astephanoides
  21. V. atratum - Cynanchum atratum
  22. V. atrocoronatum - Matelea atrocoronata
  23. V. auriculatum - Cynanchum auriculatum
  24. V. baldwinianum - Matelea baldwyniana
  25. V. balfourianum - Cynanchum forrestii
  26. V. barbatum - Gonolobus barbatus
  27. V. belizense - Matelea belizensis
  28. V. bifidum - Gonolobus bifidus
  29. V. biondioides - Cynanchum biondioides
  30. V. boerhaviaefolium - Diplolepis boerhaviifolia
  31. V. bojerianum - Cynanchum bojerianum
  32. V. brandtii - Cynanchum brandtii
  33. V. brevicoronatum - Matelea brevicoronata
  34. V. bulligerum - Cynanchum bulligerum
  35. V. calcaratum - Heterostemma acuminatum
  36. V. calcicola - Matelea calcicola
  37. V. callialatum - Cynanchum callialatum
  38. V. campechianum - Matelea campechiana
  39. V. camporum - Matelea camporum
  40. V. capense - Pentatropis capensis
  41. V. carnosum - Ischnostemma carnosum
  42. V. carolinense - Matelea carolinensis
  43. V. caudatum - Matelea caudata
  44. V. cavanillesii - Gonolobus niger
  45. V. chekiangense - Cynanchum chekiangense
  46. V. chiapense - Gonolobus chiapensis
  47. V. chihuahuense - Matelea chihuahuensis
  48. V. chiloense - Cynanchum pachyphyllum
  49. V. chinense - Cynanchum mooreanum
  50. V. chiriquense - Gonolobus chiriquensis
  51. V. chrysanthum - Matelea chrysantha
  52. V. congestum - Orthosia urceolata
  53. V. crenatum - Matelea crenata
  54. V. cteniophorum - Gonolobus cteniophorus
  55. V. cyclophyllum - Matelea cyclophylla
  56. V. cynanchoides - Matelea cynanchoides
  57. V. dalhousiae - Cynanchum dalhousiae
  58. V. dasystephanum - Gonolobus dasystephanus
  59. V. diadematum - Macroscepis diademata
  60. V. dombeyanum - Cynanchum dombeyanum
  61. V. dubium - Gonolobus albomarginatus
  62. V. edule - Gonolobus edulis
  63. V. eichleri - Orthosia eichleri
  64. V. erianthum - Gonolobus erianthus
  65. V. erubescens - Cynanchum pedunculatum
  66. V. eurychitoides - Cynanchum eurychitoides
  67. V. excelsum - Cynanchum acutum
  68. V. fimbriatum - Matelea cumanensis
  69. V. flavidulum - Matelea flavidula
  70. V. flexuosum - Tylophora flexuosa
  71. V. floribundum - Tylophora floribunda
  72. V. floridanum - Matelea floridana
  73. V. fordii - Cynanchum fordii
  74. V. formosanum - Cynanchum ovalifolium
  75. V. forrestii - Cynanchum forrestii
  76. V. fraternum - Gonolobus fraternus
  77. V. fruticulosum - Blyttia fruticulosa
  78. V. fuscum - Gonolobus fuscus
  79. V. gentlei - Matelea gentlei
  80. V. glaucescens - Cynanchum glaucescens
  81. V. gonocarpos - Gonolobus suberosus
  82. V. gonocarpos var. laevis - Ampelamus laevis
  83. V. gracilipes - Cynanchum taihangense
  84. V. grandiflorum Standl. not (R. Br.) Kuntze - Matelea fulvida
  85. V. greggii - Matelea greggii
  86. V. guilleminianum - Orthosia guilleminiana
  87. V. hancockianum - Cynanchum mongolicum
  88. V. hastulatum - Matelea hastulata
  89. V. hatchii - Matelea magnifolia
  90. V. heydei - Cynanchum heydei
  91. V. hirtellum - Metastelma hirtellum
  92. V. holstii - Cynanchum abyssinicum
  93. V. hybanthera - Tylophora cordifolia
  94. V. hydrophilum - Cynanchum hydrophilum
  95. V. insulanum - Cynanchum insulanum
  96. V. jacquemontianum - Cynanchum jacquemontianum
  97. V. jaliscense - Gonolobus jaliscensis
  98. V. japonicum var. grayanum - Cynanchum grayanum
  99. V. kitagawae - Cynanchum inamoenum
  100. V. krameri - Cynanchum krameri
  101. V. kunthii - Cynanchum kunthii
  102. V. lasiostomum - Gonolobus lasiostomus
  103. V. lateriflorum - Cynanchum mongolicum
  104. V. leptocladum - Cynanchum leptocladum
  105. V. lesueurii - Matelea lesueurii
  106. V. limprichtii - Cynanchum forrestii
  107. V. linearifolium - Cynanchum stauntonii
  108. V. linearisepalum - Cynanchum linearisepalum
  109. V. linifolium - Cynanchum linifolium
  110. V. littorale - Dictyanthus asper
  111. V. lundellii - Gonolobus cteniophorus
  112. V. luteum Sieber ex Boiss. not Hoffmanns. & Link - Asclepias lutea
  113. V. macranthum - Gonolobus macranthus
  114. V. macrophyllum var. nikoensis - Cynanchum inamoenum
  115. V. magnifolium - Matelea magnifolia
  116. V. mandschuricum - Cynanchum versicolor
  117. V. mannii - Cynanchum adalinae subsp. mannii
  118. V. medium - Antitoxicum medium
  119. V. megacarphum - Dictyanthus asper
  120. V. melanthum - Orthosia melantha
  121. V. microphyllum - Cynanchum microphyllum
  122. V. mongolicum - Cynanchum mongolicum
  123. V. montevidense - Telminostelma foetidum
  124. V. mucronatum - Cynanchum chilense
  125. V. muliense - Cynanchum forrestii
  126. V. multiflorum - Cynanchum multiflorum
  127. V. multinerve - Cynanchum atratum
  128. V. myrtifolium - Cynanchum myrtifolium
  129. V. nemorosum - Cynanchum pachyphyllum
  130. V. nigrescens - Matelea nigrescens
  131. V. nikoense - Tylophora nikoensis
  132. V. nummulariifolium - Diplolepis nummulariifolia
  133. V. oaxacanum - Matelea oaxacana
  134. V. obliquum - Matelea obliqua
  135. V. oblongatum - Matelea oblongata
  136. V. obtusifolium - Cynanchum obtusifolium
  137. V. ochroleucum - Alexitoxicon ochroleucum
  138. V. otophyllum - Cynanchum otophyllum
  139. V. pachylepis - Marsdenia araujacea
  140. V. pachyphyllum - Cynanchum pachyphyllum
  141. V. palustre - Seutera angustifolia
  142. V. parvifolium - Matelea parvifolia
  143. V. patagonicum - Diplolepis nummulariifolia
  144. V. pauciflorum - Cynanchum atratum
  145. V. pectinatum - Gonolobus pectinatus
  146. V. petiolare - Matelea petiolaris
  147. V. petrense - Cynanchum petrense
  148. V. petrophilum - Alexitoxicon petrophilum
  149. V. pinguifolium - Matelea pinguifolia
  150. V. pittieri - Matelea picturata
  151. V. polyanthum - Cynanchum polyanthum
  152. V. porphyranthum - Matelea porphyrantha
  153. V. productum - Matelea producta
  154. V. propinquum - Gonolobus macranthus
  155. V. pseudobarbatum - Matelea pseudobarbata
  156. V. puberulum - Alexitoxicon puberulum
  157. V. pubescens - Cynanchum chinense
  158. V. pubiflorum - Matelea pubiflora
  159. V. pueblense - Matelea pueblensis
  160. V. purpureum - Cynanchum purpureum
  161. V. quercetorum - Matelea quercetorum
  162. V. quirosii - Polystemma guatemalense
  163. V. repandum - Cynanchum repandum
  164. V. reticulatum - Matelea reticulata
  165. V. riedelii - Orthosia guilleminiana
  166. V. riparium - Cynanchum riparium
  167. V. robertii - Petalostelma robertii
  168. V. rothschuhii - Gonolobus heterophyllus
  169. V. rutenbergianum - Cynanchum repandum
  170. V. saepimentorum - Cynanchum racemosum var. unifarium
  171. V. sagittifolium - Matelea sagittifolia
  172. V. salvinii - Gonolobus salvinii
  173. V. schippii - Gonolobus leianthus
  174. V. schmalhausenii - Vincetoxicum schmalhausenii
  175. V. scoparium - Orthosia scoparia
  176. V. selloanum - Orthosia selloana
  177. V. sepium - Metastelma sepium
  178. V. shortii - Matelea obliqua
  179. V. sibiricum var. australe - Cynanchum thesioides
  180. V. sibiricum var. boreale - Cynanchum thesioides
  181. V. sintenisii - Matelea sintenisii
  182. V. stauntonii - Cynanchum stauntonii
  183. V. stenanthum - Gonolobus stenanthus
  184. V. stenophyllum - Cynanchum stenophyllum
  185. V. stephanotrichum - Gonolobus stephanotrichus
  186. V. steppicola - Cynanchum forrestii
  187. V. striatum - Gonolobus striatus
  188. V. suberiferum - Matelea suberifera
  189. V. suberosum - Gonolobus suberosus
  190. V. sublanceolatum - Cynanchum sublanceolatum
  191. V. sublanceolatum var. auriculata - Tylophora auriculata
  192. V. sublanceolatum var. dickinsii - Tylophora dickinsii
  193. V. sublanceolatum var. obtusulum - Tylophora obtusula
  194. V. sylvaticum - Tylophora sylvatica
  195. V. taihangense - Cynanchum taihangense
  196. V. thesioides - Cynanchum thesioides
  197. V. tingens - Gonolobus tingens
  198. V. tmoleum - Antitoxicum tmoleum
  199. V. tomentosum - Orthosia scoparia
  200. V. tortum - Gonolobus cteniophorus
  201. V. trichoneuron - Matelea tuerckheimii
  202. V. triflorum - Gonolobus triflorus
  203. V. tristiflorum - Matelea tristiflora
  204. V. tsiangii - Tylophora tsiangii
  205. V. tunicatum - Cynanchum tunicatum
  206. V. umbellatum - Cynanchum rusbyi
  207. V. umbrosum - Cynanchum umbrosum
  208. V. undulatum - Cynanchum andinum
  209. V. uniflorum - Gonolobus uniflorus
  210. V. urceolatum - Orthosia urceolata
  211. V. variifolium - Matelea variifolia
  212. V. velutinum - Matelea velutina
  213. V. versicolor - Cynanchum versicolor
  214. V. verticillatum - Cynanchum verticillatum
  215. V. virescens - Cynanchum eurychiton
  216. V. viride - Cynanchum atacamense
  217. V. viridiflorum - Matelea denticulata
  218. V. wallichii - Cynanchum wallichii
  219. V. wilfordii - Cynanchum wilfordii
  220. V. wootonii - Matelea wootonii
  221. V. xanthotrichum - Gonolobus xanthotrichus
  222. V. zollingeri - Cynanchum ovalifolium

Gallery[edit]

  • Illustration Vincetoxicum hirundinaria0.jpg
  • Vincetoxicum hirundinarium0.jpg
  • Vincetoxicum-hirundinaria-seeds.jpg
  • Vincetoxicum hirundinaria2 resize.jpg

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Vincetoxicum Wolf". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  2. ^ "Cynanchum in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org.
  3. ^ "2013 BONAP North American Plant Atlas. TaxonMaps". bonap.net.
  4. ^ Sigrid Liede and Angelika Tauber (Oct–Dec 2002), "Circumscription of the Genus Cynanchum (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)", Systematic Botany, American Society of Plant Taxonomists, 27 (4): 789–800, doi:10.1043/0363-6445-27.4.789 (inactive 31 December 2022), JSTOR 3093924{{citation}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2022 (link)
  5. ^ "Genere Vincetoxicum - Flora Italiana". luirig.altervista.org.
  6. ^ Gledhill D. 1985. The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521366755

External links[edit]

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