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Viola canadensis

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Viola canadensis
Viola canadensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Malpighiales
Family:
Violaceae
Genus:
Viola
Species:
V. canadensis
Binomial name
Viola canadensis
Synonyms[3]
  • Lophion canadense (L.) Spach
  • Lophion rydbergii (Greene) Nieuwl. & Lunell
  • Viola geminiflora Greene
  • Viola muriculata Greene
  • Viola neomexicana Greene
  • Viola neo-mexicana Greene[1][2]
  • Viola rydbergii Greene
  • Lophion rugulosum (Greene) Lunell, syn of var. rugulosa
  • Viola scopulorum (A.Gray) Greene, syn of var. scopulorum

Viola canadensis is more commonly known as Canadian white violet, Canada violet, tall white violet, or white violet. It is widespread across much of Canada and the United States, from Alaska to Newfoundland, south as far as Georgia and Arizona.[4]

Viola canadensis bears white blooms with yellow bases and sometimes streaks of purple. The petals are purple tinged on the backside. The leaves are heart-shaped, with coarse, rounded teeth.[5][6][7]

The species is threatened or endangered in some areas, though abundant in others.

Subspecies and Varieties[3]
  • Viola canadensis var. canadensis
  • Viola canadensis subsp. canadensis
  • Viola canadensis var. rugulosa (Greene) C.L. Hitchc.
  • Viola canadensis subsp. scopulorum (A. Gray) House

References

  1. ^ Tropicos, Viola neomexicana Greene
  2. ^ Greene, Edward Lee 1902. description and commentary in English, as Viola neo-mexicana
  3. ^ a b The Plant List, Viola canadensis L.
  4. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
  5. ^ Blanchan, Neltje (2002). Wild Flowers: An Aid to Knowledge of our Wild Flowers and their Insect Visitors. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.
  6. ^ Horn, Cathcart, Hemmerly, Duhl, Wildflowers of Tennessee, the Ohio Valley, and the Southern Appalachians, Lone Pine Publishing, (2005) p 96, ISBN 978-1-55105-428-5
  7. ^ Spach, Édouard 1836. Histoire Naturelle des Végétaux. Phanérogames 5: 517 description and commentary in French, as Lophion canadense


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