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Vitaceae

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Vitaceae
Temporal range: Maastrichtian–present[1]
Vitis vinifera, wine grapes
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Vitales
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
Family: Vitaceae
Juss., nom. cons.[2]
Synonyms[2]
  • Ampelidopsaceae
  • Ampelopsidaceae
  • Cissaceae
  • Leeaceae
  • Pterisanthaceae
  • Vintaceae

The Vitaceae, also called the grape family, is a family of flowering plants that has 20 genera[3] and around 910 known species[4] in its monotypic order Vitales, including common plants such as grapevines (Vitis spp.) and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia).[5] The family name is derived from the genus Vitis. Most of its members are distributed in tropical areas and many are dominant climbers with ecological significance.[6]

Members of Vitaceae show a high variety in their chromosome number. Most Vitis species have 38 chromosomes (n=19), but the species belong to one of Vitis' subgenera Muscadinia have 40 (n=20).[7] Other genera in the family such as Ampelocissus, Parthenocissus, and Ampelopsis could have 40 chromosomes (n=20) while genus Cissus may have 24 chromosomes (n=12).[5]

The family is economically important as the berries of Vitis species, commonly known as grapes, are an important fruit crop and, when fermented, produce wine.[3][5]

Some species of genus Tetrastigma serve as hosts to parasitic plants in another family Rafflesiaceae.[8]

Taxonomy

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The family name sometimes appears as Vitidaceae, but Vitaceae is a conserved name and therefore has priority over both Vitidaceae and another name sometimes found in the older literature, Ampelidaceae.[3]

In APG III system (2009) and APG IV system (2016), the family is placed in its own order, Vitales, and Molecular phylogenetic studies consider Vitales as the most basal order in the clade rosids.[9]

In the Cronquist system, the family was placed near the family Rhamnaceae in order Rhamnales.[10]

Plants of the World Online currently accepts the following genera,[3] placed in two subfamilies:

Leeoideae

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  • Leea D.Royen: The genus previously placed in its own monotypic family, Leeaceae, was included in Vitaceae by APG IV (2016)[9] and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website.

Vitoideae

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Five tribes are now recognised in this subfamily:[6]

Ampelopsideae
Cayratieae
Cisseae
  • Apocissus Jackes & Trias-Blasi
  • Cissus L. (treebinds) - widespread in tropics & subtropics
  • Cissus nodosa
    Cissus nodosa
Parthenocisseae
Viteae
tribe incertae sedis

Earliest fossil history

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Well preserved-fruits of Indovitis chitaleyae containing seeds with similar morphology to the Vitaceae have been recovered from Late Cretaceous Deccan Intertrappean beds of several sites in central India. These fruits and their dispersed seeds found in the same sediments, about 66 million years old, represent the oldest known fossils of the grape family. The fossil fruits containing 4 to 6 seeds are very similar to extant Vitis.[11]

References

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  1. ^ "Vitales". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
  2. ^ a b "Vitaceae". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved January 7, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d "Vitaceae Juss". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
  4. ^ Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3). Magnolia Press: 201–217. Bibcode:2016Phytx.261..201C. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
  5. ^ a b c Karkamkar, Surekha P.; Patil, S. G.; Misra, Satish Chandra (23 December 2010). "Cyto–morphological studies and their significance in evolution of family Vitaceae". The Nucleus. 53 (1–2): 37–43. doi:10.1007/s13237-010-0009-6 – via Springer Nature.
  6. ^ a b Wen, Jun; Lu, Li-Min; Nie, Ze-Long; Liu, Xiu-Qun; Zhang, Ning; Ickert-Bond, Stefanie; Gerrath, Jean; Manchester, Steven R.; Boggan, John; Chen, Zhi-Duan (2018). "A new phylogenetic tribal classification of the grape family (Vitaceae)". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 56 (4): 262–272. Bibcode:2018JSyEv..56..262W. doi:10.1111/jse.12427 – via Wiley Online Library.
  7. ^ Olien, William C. (1990). "The Muscadine Grape: Botany, Viticulture, History, and Current Industry". HortScience. 25 (7): 732–739. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.25.7.732 – via American Society for Horticultural Science.
  8. ^ Wan Zakaria, Wan Nuur Fatiha; Ahmad Puad, Aida Shafreena; Geri, Connie; Zainudin, Ramlah; Latiff, Abdul (20 October 2016). "Tetrastigma diepenhorstii (Miq.) Latiff (Vitaceae), a New Host of Rafflesia tuan-mudae Becc. (Rafflesiaceae) in Borneo". Journal of Botany: 1–6. doi:10.1155/2016/3952323.
  9. ^ a b Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385 – via Oxford Academic.
  10. ^ Soejima, Akiko; Wen, Jun (2006). "Phylogenetic analysis of the grape family (Vitaceae) based on three chloroplast markers". American Journal of Botany. 93 (2): 278–287. Bibcode:2006AmJB...93..278S. doi:10.3732/ajb.93.2.278. PMID 21646189 – via Wiley Online Library.
  11. ^ Manchester, Steven R.; Kapgate, Dashrath K.; Wen, Jun (September 2013). "Oldest fruits of the grape family (Vitaceae) from the Late Cretaceous Deccan cherts of India". Am. J. Bot. 100 (9): 1849–59. Bibcode:2013AmJB..100.1849M. doi:10.3732/ajb.1300008. JSTOR 23596215. PMID 24036414 – via Wiley Online Library.

Further reading

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