Voiced palatal lateral fricative

Voiced post-palatal lateral fricative
Voiced post-palatal lateral fricative
ʎ̝˗
𝼆̬˗
ʟ̝᫈
𝼄̬᫈

Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral fricative
Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral fricative
ɮ̠ʲ

Voiced palatal lateral fricative
Voiced palatal lateral fricative
ʎ̝
𝼆̬
IPA number	157 429
Audio sample
	source · help
Encoding
X-SAMPA	L_r

A voiced palatal lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʎ̝⟩, though in extIPA ⟨𝼆̬⟩ is preferred.

This sound is not known to occur as a phoneme in any language, but it does occur as an allophone of /ʎ/ in Italian, Spanish and Jebero.^[1]^[2]

Features

Features of a voiced palatal lateral fricative:

Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
Its place of articulation is palatal, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the tongue raised to the hard palate.
Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Italian	Many accents^[1]	figlio	[ˈfiʎ̝ːo]	'son'	Approximant [ʎ] in other accents. See Italian phonology
Jebero^[2]		[iˈʎ̝apa]		'shotgun'	Dentoalveolo-palatal. Occasional allophone of /ʎ/; only lightly fricated.^[2]

A voiced post-palatal lateral fricative can be found in Archi, a Northeast Caucasian language of Dagestan, in which it is clearly a fricative and articulated further back than typical palatals, but further forward than typical velars in most languages.^[3]

Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
Its place of articulation is post-palatal, also called retracted palatal, backed palatal, palato-velar, pre-velar, advanced velar or front(ed-)velar, which means it is articulated between the position of palatal consonants and velar consonants.
Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
It is a lateral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, rather than down the middle.
Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Archi^[3]		наӏлъдут	[naˤʟ̝᫈dut]	'blue'	Prevelar.^[3]

^ ^a ^b Ashby (2011:64): "(...) in a large number of Italian accents, there is considerable friction involved in the pronunciation of [ʎ], creating a voiced palatal lateral fricative (for which there is no established IPA symbol)."
^ ^a ^b ^c Valenzuela & Gussenhoven (2013), p. 101.
^ ^a ^b ^c "The Archi Language Tutorial" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-04. Retrieved 2009-12-23. (The source uses the symbol for the voiced alveolar lateral fricative, ⟨ɮ⟩, but also notes that the sound to be prevelar.)

Ashby, Patricia (2011), Understanding Phonetics, Understanding Language series, Routledge, ISBN 978-0340928271
Valenzuela, Pilar M.; Gussenhoven, Carlos (2013), "Shiwilu (Jebero)", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 97–106, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000370