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Weapons of the Falklands War

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These are some of the key weapons of the Falklands War used by both sides.

Anti-ship missiles

The Exocet is probably the most famous weapon of the war, sinking two British ships and damaging a third. Operated by both sides the missile was used by the Argentine Navy either air launched from Dassault Super Étendard jets and from an improvised land launcher.

See main article Exocet.

The Sea Skua was a British light anti-ship missile, fired from Lynx helicopters, its warhead is only 20 kg compared with the Exocet's 165 kg. However, hits from three Sea Skua missiles badly damaged the Argentine ARA Alferez Sobral.

See main article Sea Skua.

The AS.12 was a French built light anti-ship missile, fired from Westland Wasp helicopters. Like the Sea Skua its small 28 kg warhead meant that it could not destroy ships outright; however, it could disable smaller vessels. On 25 April 1982 it contributed towards damaging and disabling the Argentine Submarine the ARA Santa Fe. A total of nine missiles were fired at the submarine trapped on the surface by anti-submarine torpedoes circling just under the hull. Of the missiles fired four hit, four missed and one failed to launch. Two of the missiles that hit the target failed to detonate on impact, instead punching a hole through the slender conning tower and exploding on the far side.

See main article AS.12.

Surface-to-air missiles

Sea Dart was the British naval medium-range surface-to-air missile. It proved unable to engage low-altitude targets, such as Argentine A4 Skyhawk aircraft and Exocet missiles. However, it did achieve several long-range kills. Sea Wolf is a British naval short-range low-altitude surface-to-air missile, used to complement the longer-range Sea Dart. It proved capable of engaging low-flying aircraft. Seacat and Tigercat surface-to-air missiles were obsolete by the Falklands War; however, they were used by both sides during the conflict. The optically guided missiles were not effective; no kills can be attributed to the missiles. However, they were able to be used in San Carlos Water, where radar-based systems like Sea Dart and Sea Wolf could not operate. Argentine land forces had a number of Tigercat missile launchers; there were several near misses, and possibly one Sea Harrier had its engine damaged by shrapnel from one of the missiles.

Sea Slug, a long range, high altitude anti-aircraft missile system of the 1950s, was not used against aircraft but for bombardment of positions near Port Stanley by the Royal Navy ships equipped with it.

The Blowpipe missile is British built manportable surface-to-air missile used by both sides during the conflict, its performed poorly – official British reports attributed nine kills to the missile out of 95 fired. However, independent research suggests that only a single kill can be attributed to the British use of the missile, an Aermacchi MB-339 that was shot down at Goose Green on 28 May 1982. Argentine forces shot down a Harrier GR3 on 21 May, probably with a Blowpipe missile fired by Primer Teniente S Fernandez of Commando Company 601 over Port Howard. The system's overall lack of success was probably due to the amount of operator input required to successfully hit a target.

British SAS special forces had acquired 6 American-made Stinger missiles; however, the soldier trained to use the missile was killed in a helicopter crash. By luck the first missile fired managed to bring down a Pucará on 21 May; however, the lack of training meant that a further five missiles fired that day did not hit their targets.

Argentine forces used Soviet-made SA-7 Grail man portable missiles.

A Roland missile being launched during American tests on the system

Roland was a European short-range surface-to-air missile. Argentine forces deployed a single launcher to defend Stanley airport; it succeeded in shooting down one Sea Harrier (XZ456) on 1 June 1982 above 10,000 feet (3000 m). The presence of the launcher forced British aircraft to operate above its envelope – typically at 18,000 feet (5,500 m) which severely reduced the accuracy of bombs dropped on the airport.

Anti-aircraft guns

Argentine forces deployed a substantial number of anti-aircraft guns around Stanley and Goose Green airfields and these included 15 Oerlikon GDF-002 35 mm twin cannons and 6 Skyguard fire control radars, as well as one older Super Fledermaus fire control system. Some 15 Rheinmetall 20 mm/75 anti-aircraft guns as well as about 20 Hispania Suiza 30 mm guns.[1]

Aircraft and weapons

See Sea Harrier, A-4 Skyhawk, IAI Dagger, C130 Hercules, Dassault Super Étendard, Mirage III
See also: Argentine air forces in the Falklands War and British air services in the Falklands War

The AIM-9 Sidewinder in its L form was the Harrier's air-to-air missile. It claimed 20 Argentine aircraft.

By comparison, the FAA had the French Matra R530 missile

Artillery and armour

British forces were equipped with the 105 mm L118 light gun as their main artillery and the Scimitar and Scorpion armoured reconnaissance vehicles.

The Argentine Marines used LVTP-7 and LARC-5 vehicles in their initial amphibious assault with all of them returning to the mainland short after but in the subsequent reinforcement of the islands defences, the Argentine Army deployed two artillery groups with OTO Melara Mod 56 105 mm guns and later their C-130s airlift four CITER L33 Guns 155 mm in order to repel the British naval gun fire. Twelve Panhard AML-90 wheel vehicles were also stationed within Stanley.

Ships

See main articles Argentine naval forces in the Falklands War and British naval forces in the Falklands War

Infantry weapons

British

L2A2 fragmentation grenade

Argentine

L34A1 Suppressed Sterling submachine gun, used by both sides in the conflict
A display in the Imperial War Museum, showing an Argentine mortar

References

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ Britain's Small Wars
  3. ^ HAFDASA manufacturing, Argentina
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