Whose Justice? Which Rationality? is a 1988 book of moral philosophy by the Scottish philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre. In the book, MacIntyre argues that there are a number of different and incompatible accounts of practical reasoning or rationality—specifically those of Aristotle, Augustine, David Hume (and more broadly the "Scottish school") and Thomas Aquinas.[1] The differing accounts of justice that are presented by Aristotle and Hume, MacIntyre argues, are due to the underlying differences in their conceptual schemes.[2][3][4]