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wikiHow
wikiHow's logo
wikiHow Main Page in October 2013
wikiHow Main Page on October 2013
Type of businessPrivate
Type of site
Wiki-format how-to manual
Available inEnglish, Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese, French, German, Italian, Hindi, Chinese, Russian, Czech, Japanese, Indonesian, Arabic, Thai, Korean
Headquarters
Palo Alto, California
,
United States
Created byJack Herrick and Josh Hannah
URLwww.wikihow.com
CommercialYes ("hybrid organization")
RegistrationOptional, but required for certain tasks such as uploading files and editing protected pages
Current statusActive

wikiHow is an online wiki-style community consisting of an extensive database of how-to guides. Founded in 2005 by Internet entrepreneur Jack Herrick, the website aims to create the world’s most helpful how-to instructions to enable everyone in the world to learn how to do anything.[2][3]

wikiHow is a hybrid organization, a for-profit company run for a social mission.[4][5] wikiHow is an open source and open content project.[6] The modified MediaWiki software is freely released[7] and the content is released under a Creative Commons (by-nc-sa) license.[8][9]

History

wikiHow was founded by Jack Herrick on January 15, 2005, with the goal of creating an extensive how-to manual with accurate, up-to-date instructions in multiple languages.[10] The day of January 15 was intentionally selected as the launch date in order to honor Wikipedia, which was launched four years earlier on January 15, 2001.[11] Herrick drew inspiration to start wikiHow because he and Josh Hannah had previously purchased another how-to website, eHow in 2004. After running eHow, Herrick concluded eHow’s business model prevented it from creating the extensive, high quality how-to manual he desired to create.[12] Herrick and Hannah sold eHow in 2006, allowing Herrick to focus on wikiHow full-time.[13]

In 2006, the non-profit foundation One Laptop per Child selected wikiHow as one of the content sources for the educational laptops it distributed around the world.[14] In 2007, its 25,000th article was published on September 21.[8] In 2009, the website surpassed 20 million monthly visitors and completed a redesign.[15] In 2014, Google selected wikiHow as one of the launch partners for Google Contributor, an ad-free internet product.[16]

Operations

wikiHow provides how-to content on the internet by allowing anyone to edit pages.[17] As of February 2015, wikiHow contains over 180,000 how-to articles. Most how-to articles follow a similar format with steps, tips, and warnings, and are complemented with images to help a reader learn how to complete a task.[18]

wikiHow uses the wiki method of continuous improvement, allowing editors to add, delete, or otherwise modify content. Once an article is created, community members collaborate on it to improve its quality. Each edit is scrutinized during a process called Recent Changes Patrol where volunteers review the content according to wikiHow’s standards, discarding bad edits, like vandalism and test edits, and keeping improvements.[19][20]

The central hub for editing is the Community Dashboard, which displays several dynamic applets that link users to different editing tools, such as the Spell Checker, in which articles are proofread for spelling errors; the Categorizer, in which articles are assigned categories according to their topic; and the Cleanup Greenhouse, in which low-quality articles are copyedited and rewritten for style and format.

By default, newly created articles are de-indexed from search engines; the article text is blurred and a notice indicating that the page is invisible to readers is shown. A system called New Article Boost allows experienced users to review these articles and bring them up to standards.[21] Articles that meet these standards are "promoted", which removes the blurring effect as well as the notice, and makes the article publicly visible and searchable. Oppositely, articles below standards are "demoted", which removes them from the New Article Boost list but retains the blurring and notice. Articles with content that goes against the site's deletion policy are also demoted (such as articles centered around joke, sexually explicit, or hate-based topics, as well as severely inaccurate or incomplete instructions).[22]

Workshop on women on wikiHow at Wikimania 2012.

Like many other wikis, registration is optional and privileges such as creating and editing articles are still available to those without an account. wikiHow complies with the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) and users are required to be at least 13 years old to register an account. COPPA is regularly enforced and site administrators are expected to block anyone confirmed to be underage, though editing privileges may be restored if the company receives a consent form signed by the user's parents or legal guardian.[23] Over 1 million people have created accounts and over 13,000 people edit wikiHow a month.[24] This community of volunteer contributors call themselves "wikiHowians". The most active, experienced, and trusted wikiHowians may gain additional editing privileges which help them administer and protect the website. New Article Boost rights are granted to users who have done at least 300 edits and pass a test demonstrating they understand wikiHow policies.[25] People with these rights gain access to a special tool that allows them to edit recently written articles and ensure that their quality meets wikiHow’s standards before the articles are publicly visible to all readers. The most experienced users with levelheadedness and good judgment can be considered for adminship, which grants them additional powers to protect and improve wikiHow through various maintenance tools.[26] At least once a year, wikiHow organizes conferences where a small group of community members are invited to gather offline for an extended weekend to get to know one another. These conferences are known as "meetups".

wikiHow’s headquarters are located in a house in Palo Alto, California, dubbed the "wikiHaus". The staff team consists of a small group of employees ranging in specialties from engineering to marketing to community management.[5][13]

Business model

The site's initial start-up costs were, to some extent, financed from Herrick's sale of eHow. It is now funded from advertising on its pages.[27] It does not seek contributions, and it is run as a "hybrid organization" – a "for-profit company focused on creating a global public good in accordance with our mission".[28]

Licensing

wikiHow's content is published under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike (by-nc-sa) license, which means that the content can be modified and reused for non-commercial purposes as long as the original authors are attributed and the license is not substantially changed. The authors retain full copyright to their content and may publish it elsewhere under different licenses. They grant wikiHow an irrevocable license to use the material for any purpose.[29]

Deletion policy

[30]

wikiHow's deletion policy prohibits articles on topics that are:

- Advertisements/spams: Articles which take advantage of the website to advertise a product or service.

- Inaccurate: Articles which are inaccurate in their instructions.

- Jokes: Articles created for humorous purposes instead of instructional purposes.

- Potty humor: Articles which are considered overly vulgar in non-humorous ways, and are therefore, inappropriate.

- Sarcastic: Articles which patronize the reader by offering noticeably incorrect instructions.

- Sexually charged: Articles which are deemed sexually explicit and inappropriate.

- Hate/racist-based: Articles which are considered racist or hateful.

- Mean-spirited: Articles which either insult the reader or encourage them to act in cruel and harmful manners.

- Impossible instructions: Articles which feature instructions that are impossible to complete, as well as having impossible, often imaginary, implications.

- Social instructions impossible for an individual to accomplish: Articles aimed at a specific group or organisation that one person alone could not follow.

- Universally illegal: Articles which encourage their reader to break the law.

- Incomplete: Articles which lack enough information to suffice as a proper article.

- Not a How-To: Articles which are not instructional in nature.

- Copyright violations: Articles which infringe copyright.

- Below character article standards: Articles which fail in their attempt to instruct their reader to roleplay a specific character.

- Focused on recreational drugs: Articles which encourage the production, usage or marketing of illegal drugs and substances.

- Political opinion: Articles which only express an individual's opinion.

- Promoting or criticizing a particular political party/candidate/official: Articles which promote or criticize a political party, and/or encourage readers to vote for or against them.

- Vanity pages: Articles deliberately aimed at the individual who made them or only aimed at a specific individual(s).

- Extremely dangerous and reckless: Articles which offer instructions that, when followed, may result in serious injury or likely death.

Opt-out ads

wikiHow allows readers to control whether advertising appears alongside content. Those who are registered and logged in do not see ads[31][32] unless it is an external video provider.[33]

In November 2014, wikiHow was announced to be a participant in Google Contributor, a service that allows website users to make a monthly donation in support of their favorite websites in order to not be shown advertising.[34]

Reception

Praise

wikiHow has won multiple awards, including a Webby Award for Community in 2009[35] and the Co-Creation award in the Open Innovation competition, organized by The Guardian and Nesta, in 2010.[36] In addition, Mashable selected wikiHow as the runner-up for best wiki in the Open Web Awards in 2008.[37]

A PBS journalist reported that the "wikiHow app has an excellent set of articles to help you in just about any situation, from helping someone who is choking to handling vehicle emergencies, to natural disasters."[38] and The New York Times reported: "Type in a few key words about the problem into the app’s Search page and the guide will return some advice. Its information pages are clear and well laid out. They begin with an introductory description, then offer a list of steps to follow. The app displays the necessary tools and items, and includes tips and warnings."[39] Lifehacker has described wikiHow as the "ever handy guide site."[40] wikiHow has been positively described in many other media sources, including ones as diverse as Inc. Magazine,[5] Cosmopolitan,[41] TechRepublic,[42] Condé Nast Traveler,[43] and PC Magazine.[44]

Criticism

wikiHow has also been the target of satire and criticism. For example, American Public Radio show Wits has a segment called "wikiHow theater" where actors read obvious or ludicrous wikiHow topics, such as "How to Make People Respect Your Pet", for comic effect.[45] Two accomplished poets published a book called, "How To Feel Confident with Your Special Talents", in which each poem title is taken directly from a wikiHow article.[46] Vice.com parodied wikiHow's article "How to Break Up with Your Boyfriend".[47] The Huffington Post created a list of bizarre life skills, such as "How to React to an Ugly Baby", that "you could only learn from wikiHow".[48] Other publishers have criticized wikiHow for hosting instructions on controversial topics of questionable social value such "how to get a thigh gap",[49] "how to stop a wedding",[50] or "how to be ghetto fabulous".[51] Other websites have created "worst of wikiHow" lists to highlight topics that are "deranged",[52] "brilliantly bizarre",[53] or otherwise problematic.

wikiHow is frequently referenced in popular media, including movies and television.

  • In the 2013 American comedy movie Identity Thief, actress Melissa McCarthy playing Diana is asked how she easily survives getting hit by a car. McCarthy replies, "The trick is to just relax your legs. I read it on wikiHow." This scene also appeared in the movie's official trailer.[54]
  • In the NBC drama series Parenthood, Max uses wikiHow to flirt with Dylan by saying, "It says on wikiHow's tips for teenage boys that I should compliment you to show my interest."[55]
  • In "The Gothowitz Deviation", the October 5, 2009 episode of the American sitcom The Big Bang Theory, Howard tries to use the wikiHow article "How to be Goth" to help him meet women at a goth bar.[56]
  • wikiHow has been referenced in the Comedy Central show @midnight, multiple times. In one episode, the host, Chris Hardwick, says, "If you are a young person that needs guidance, you could turn to the previous generation and draw on their wisdom and experience, but honestly, grandma is probably drunk, so just go on the Internet to wikiHow.com."[57][58]

Several prominent figures and organizations have used wikiHow.

  • American pop singer Miley Cyrus used wikiHow’s instructions on "How to Care for a Pet Pig" shortly after adopting a baby pig and posting it on Instagram. Over 238,000 Instagram users clicked "like" on the post.[59]
  • The NPR show, "Wait, Wait Don’t Tell Me", used wikiHow's article on "How to Be a Badass" to quiz comedian Richard Lewis on confidence.[60]
  • CNN TV host, Katie Linendoll, used wikiHow’s instructions to "How to Make Comic Book High Heels".[61]
  • Bill Gross, billionaire and former head of investment firm PIMCO, quoted wikiHow's article on "How to Escape a Sinking Ship" in a communication to investors about the decision to exit the bond market.[62]
  • Hackivist group Anonymous instructed people on "How to Delete Yourself from the Internet" using a wikiHow article.[63]

References

  1. ^ "Wikihow.com Site Info". Alexa Internet. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
  2. ^ de Leon, Pamella. "The Weird (And Sometimes Wonderful) World Of WikiHow: Crowdsourcing Online Info On Everything". Entrepreneur Middle East. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  3. ^ "wikiHow:Mission". wikiHow. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  4. ^ "wikiHow:Hybrid Organization". wikiHow. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  5. ^ a b c Demarais, Christina. "WikiHow's Recipe for Success". Inc. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  6. ^ "Jack Herrick, wikiHow founder interviewed by Wikinews". Wikinews.
  7. ^ "Special:Version". wikiHow. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  8. ^ a b Rojer, Rebecca. "wikiHow Reaches 25,000 Articles". Creative Commons. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  9. ^ "wikiHow:Creative Commons". wikiHow. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  10. ^ "wikiHow:History of wikiHow". wikiHow. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  11. ^ Herrick, Jack. "Post on Herrick's Google+ page". Google+. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  12. ^ Levine, Robert. "New Web Sites Seeking Profit in Wiki Model". The New York Times. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  13. ^ a b Roush, Wade. "How To Build a "Lifestyle Business" with 30 Million Visitors Per Month: The wikiHow Story". Xconomy. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  14. ^ "2B1: "WikiHow" Content Comes Preloaded". OLPC News. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  15. ^ Schonfeld, Erick. "WikiHow Gets Pretty, And Hits 20 Million Monthly Visitors". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  16. ^ Ingraham, Nathan. "Google Contributor will let you pay a monthly fee to see select websites without ads". The Verge. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  17. ^ Huang, Keira. "How-to site wikiHow builds Chinese-language presence". South China Morning Post. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  18. ^ Eaton, Kit. "Guiding D.I.Y. Home Repairs, or Summoning the Pros". The New York Times. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  19. ^ "How to Patrol Recent Changes on wikiHow". wikiHow. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  20. ^ "wikihow vs ehow is the wiki way better than content farms". ReadWrite. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  21. ^ "How to Get an Article Approved in wikiHow's Quality Review". wikiHow. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  22. ^ "wikiHow:Deletion Policy". wikiHow.
  23. ^ "wikiHow:COPPA". wikiHow.
  24. ^ "Special:Statistics". wikiHow. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  25. ^ "How to Become a New Article Booster on wikiHow". wikiHow. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  26. ^ "How to Become a wikiHow Admin". wikiHow. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  27. ^ "wikiHow:Hybrid Organization". wikiHow.
  28. ^ "Hybrid Organization". wikiHow. October 5, 2010. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
  29. ^ Terms of Use, wikihow.com. The licensing section links to Creative Commons – Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 2.5 Generic.
  30. ^ "wikiHow Deletion Policy". wikiHow. Retrieved March 8, 2007.
  31. ^ wikiHow:Why Hide Ads – wikiHow.
  32. ^ Taylor, Marisa (January 30, 2009). "Turning the Ads Off". The Wall Street Journal. Digits (blogs.wsj.com).
  33. ^ wikiHow:Video Curation#Video Curation Tips
  34. ^ Gibbs, Samuel. "Google Contributor: can I really pay to remove ads?". The Guardian. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  35. ^ "wikiHow". The Webby Awards. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  36. ^ Keegan, Victor. "Open innovation is coming of age". The Guardian. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  37. ^ "The 2nd Annual Open Web Awards". Mashable. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  38. ^ Clarke, Michael. "How to Stay Safe While Reporting from Hostile (and Not So Hostile) Environments". PBS. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  39. ^ Eaton, Kit. "Guiding D.I.Y. Home Repairs, or Summoning the Pros". The New York Times. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  40. ^ Fitzpatrick, Jason. "Get Spray Paint Off Your Car". Lifehacker. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  41. ^ "Las mejores apps DIY (Do It Yourself)". Cosmopolitan (Spanish website). Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  42. ^ Bahny, Wally. "Five Web Apps to make you smarter". TechRepublic. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  43. ^ Chase, Jon. "In Case of Travel Emergency, Download These Apps". Conde Nast Traveler. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  44. ^ Lendino, Jamie. "Hands On with the Latest Palm Pre Apps". PC Magazine. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  45. ^ "American Public Media Presents: Wits". Wits Radio. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  46. ^ "Pair of English profs from WWU to tagteam reading at Village Books". The Bellingham Herald. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  47. ^ Kotsoni, Elektra. "How to Break Up with Your Boyfriend". Vice. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  48. ^ Scherker, Amanda. "11 Bizarre Life Skills You Could Only Learn From Wikihow". The Huffington Post. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  49. ^ Kotz, Deborah. "Weekly challenge: Stop striving for a "thigh gap" or six-pack abs". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  50. ^ Tedesco, Austin. "Thanks Internet! WikiHow Gives You a Step-by-Step Guide to Stopping a Wedding". Boston.com. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  51. ^ Baker, Katie. "Santa Barbara Yoga Studio Gives Out Do-Rags at 'Ghetto Fabulous' Class". Jezebel. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  52. ^ Beusman, Callie. "15 Utterly Deranged Wikihow How-To Guides". Jezebel. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  53. ^ Hyde, Fiona. "9 brilliantly bizarre WikiHow articles that will fix all your life problems". The Daily Edge. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  54. ^ "Identity Thief Official Trailer #2 (2013) - Jason Bateman, Melissa McCarthy Movie HD". YouTube. December 18, 2012. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
  55. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 21, 2015. Retrieved 2015-02-21. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  56. ^ "The Gothowitz Deviation", The Big Bang Theory Season 3, Episode 3 (October 5, 2009). CBS.
  57. ^ "Extended - Wednesday, February 11, 2015 - Uncensored - @midnight Episode - Season 2 - Ep. 02063 | Comedy Central". Cc.com. February 11, 2015. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
  58. ^ "Monday, June 23, 2014 - @midnight Episode - Season 1 - Ep. 01083 | Comedy Central". Cc.com. June 23, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
  59. ^ "Instagram". Instagram. August 11, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
  60. ^ "Not My Job: Comedian Richard Lewis Gets Quizzed On Confidence". NPR. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  61. ^ "Katie Linendoll on Twitter: "I cant get enough chicgeek clothing! :) Check out my homemade #SDCC heels. Make ur own! "". Twitter. July 24, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
  62. ^ Gross, William. "The Tipping Point". PIMCO. Retrieved February 21, 2015.
  63. ^ "Anonymous on Twitter: "12 steps you can take to delete yourself from the internet "". Twitter. June 14, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
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