Wikipedia:Jewish Encyclopedia topics/E2

Directory of articles A1 - A2 - A3 - A4 - A5 - B1 - B2 - B3 - B4 - C1 - C2 - D1 - D2 - E1 - E2 - F - G1 - G2 - H1 - H2 - H3 - I - J1 - J2 - K - L1 - L2 - M1 - M2 - M3 - N - O - P1 - P2 - Q - R - S1 - S2 - S3 - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

501 to 600

501 – 520

1. Ethiopia (JE | WP GWP G) the translation in the Authorized Version, following the ancient versions, of a name covering three different countries and...
2. Ethnarch (JE | WP GWP G) in the Greco-Roman world, one that stood at the head of any community, though not an independent ruler. The Hebrew word "rosh"...
3. Ethnology (JE | WP GWP G) -- See B1037: Biblical Ethnology
4. Etiquette (JE | WP GWP G) Rules governing intercourse in polite society. Such rules are supposed by the Rabbis to have been laid down by the Bible itself...
5. Etoile (JE | WP GWP G) Town in the ancient province of Dauphineá, France. It must not be confounded with Estella (Latin, Stella), Spain. In...
6. Etrog (JE | WP GWP G) the citron (κίτρον, κίτριον); fruit of a tree of the orange...
7. Isaac Seckel ben Menahem Etthausen (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi; flourished in the first half of the eighteenth century, officiating as rabbi in various German towns during...
8. Etting (JE | WP GWP G) Name of an American family, prominent in national and civic affairs, whose history is associated with the states of Maryland...
9. Ettinger (Oettinger) (JE | WP GWP G) Family name derived from the city of Oettingen in Bavaria, and found all over Europe among Ashkenazim families. The Galician...
10. Jacob Ettlinger JE (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi and author, and one of the leaders of modern Orthodoxy; born at Carlsruhe March 17, 1798; died at Altona Dec...
11. Isaac Abraham Euchel JE (JE | WP GWP G) Hebrew author; born at Copenhagen 1758; died at Berlin (June?) 14, 1804. He studied at the University of Königsberg under...
12. Euclid (JE | WP GWP G) Greek geometer; flourished in the fourth century B.C. He is mentioned, perhaps for the first time in Hebrew literature, by...
13. Albert Eulenburg (JE | WP GWP G) German neuropathist and electrotherapist; born Aug. 10, 1840, in Berlin; son of the physician Moritz Michael Eulenburg (1811-87)...
14. Eulogy (JE | WP GWP G) -- See I166: Invocations
15. Eunuch (JE | WP GWP G) As throughout the Orient in very ancient times, and more especially in Egypt and Assyria, where they seem to have held the...
16. Eupatoria (JE | WP GWP G) Town in the government of Taurida; on the western coast of the Crimea. It was formerly called by the Tatars "Gezelew" (in...
17. Euphemism (JE | WP GWP G) A figure of speech by which a softened, indirect expression is substituted for a word or phrase offensive to delicate ears...
18. Euphrates (JE | WP GWP G) the main river of nearer Asia, often mentioned in the Bible (the fourth river of paradise, Gen. ii. 14), and frequently designated...
19. Eupolemus DAB (JE | WP GWP G) Son of John, son of Accos; envoy of Judas Maccabeus to the Romans. To secure himself against the Syrians Judas sent Eupolemus...
20. Europe >> Jews in the Middle Ages JE (JE | WP GWP G) the first settlements of Jews in Europe are obscure. There is documentary evidence only for the fact that in 163 B.C. Eupolemus...

521 – 540

1. Eurydemus ben Jose (JE | WP GWP G) One of the sons of Tanna Jose b. Ḥalafta. His name has been transmitted in the most varying forms: "Awradimus" (), "Abirodimus"...
2. Eusebius (JE | WP GWP G) Bishop of Cæsarea and the "father of Church history"; born about 270. Though animated by zeal for the conversion of the...
3. Eutolemus (JE | WP GWP G) Name borne by a number of Palestinian Jews. R. Jose quotes in reference to several halakic questions the testimony of a certain...
4. Samuel Evans (JE | WP GWP G) English pugilist; born in London Jan. 30, 1801; died of consumption Nov. 4, 1843. Evans' first encounter in the prize-ring...
5. Evansville (JE | WP GWP G) -- See I131: Indiana
6. Evaristus (JE | WP GWP G) the fifth pope; consecrated about 100; died about 109. The breviary of Pope Pius V. reserves Oct. 26 to the memory of "Evaristus...
7. Eve (JE | WP GWP G) the wife of Adam. According to Gen. iii. 20, Eve was so called because she was "the mother of all living" (R. V., margin,...
8. Eve of Holidays (JE | WP GWP G) Unlike the early Babylonians, whose day began with sunrise, the Jews began theirs with sunset. Some critics, Dillmann among...
9. Eviction (JE | WP GWP G) -- See E108: Ejectment
10. Evidence (JE | WP GWP G) Whenever in proceedings at law an issue arises—that is, in civil cases when a fact is asserted on one side and denied...
11. Evil Eye (JE | WP GWP G) A supposed power of bewitching or harming by spiteful looks, attributed to certain persons as a natural endowment. The belief...
12. Evil-merodach (JE | WP GWP G) Son of Nebuchadnezzar, and third ruler of the New Babylonian empire; reigned from 561 to 560 B.C. His name in Babylonian is...
13. Evil Spirits (JE | WP GWP G) -- See D245: Demonology
14. Evolution (JE | WP GWP G) the series of steps by which all existing beings have been developed by gradual modification; term generally applied to the...
15. Evora (JE | WP GWP G) City in Portugal, and the seat of the rabbi of the province of Alemtejo. When the bride-elect of Don Alfonso, the only son...
16. Evreux (JE | WP GWP G) Capital of the department of Eure, France. In the Middle Ages it was one of the centers of Jewish learning, and its scholars...
17. Ferdinand Christopher Ewald (JE | WP GWP G) English clergyman; born near Bamberg, Bavaria, 1802; died in Norwood, London, Aug. 9, 1874; baptized at Basel when about 23...
18. Georg Heinrich August Ewald (JE | WP GWP G) Christian Biblical scholar; born at Göttingen Nov. 16, 1803; died there May 4, 1875; educated at the University of G&#246...
19. Johann Ludwig Ewald (JE | WP GWP G) German pedagogue and theologian, and advocate of the Jews; born at Hain-zur-Dreieich, grand duchy of Hesse, Sept. 16, 1747...
20. Ewe (JE | WP GWP G) -- See S577: Sheep

541 – 560

1. Leopold Ewer (JE | WP GWP G) German physician; born Jan. 4, 1849, at Anklam, Pomerania. He studied from 1868 to 1873 at the University of Berlin (M.D....
2. Bills of Exchange (JE | WP GWP G) Instruments, generally in duplicate, ordering persons to pay money in distant parts. According to Hallam ("Europe in the Middle...
3. Exchequer of the Jews (JE | WP GWP G) A division of the Court of Exchequer in England (1200-90) in which the taxes and the law-cases of the Jews were recorded and...
4. Excommunication (JE | WP GWP G) the highest ecclesiastical censure, the exclusion of a person from the religious community, which among the Jews meant a practical...
5. Execution (JE | WP GWP G) Carrying into effect the decision of a court. The word also denotes the writ entrusting some officer of the law with the duty...
6. Executors (JE | WP GWP G) -- See W188: Will
7. Exeter (JE | WP GWP G) County-seat of Devon, England. The first Jew mentioned as living in Exeter, about 1181, paid a fine of 10 marks for the king...
8. Exilarch JE (JE | WP GWP G) Title given to the head of the Babylonian Jews, who, from the time of the Babylonian exile, were designated by the term "golah"...
9. Exile (JE | WP GWP G) the translation of "goleh" (II Sam. xv. 19) and "Zo'eh" (Isa. li. 14) in the English versions; it also occurs as...
10. Exodus (JE | WP GWP G) the departure, under the leadership of Moses, of the Israelites from the land of Egypt.—Biblical Data: Having multiplied...
11. Book of Exodus (JE | WP GWP G) the second book of the Torah or Pentateuch is called by the Jews , from the opening words, or briefly . The Greek name is...
12. Exogamy (JE | WP GWP G) -- See M213: Marriage
13. Exorcism (JE | WP GWP G) the expulsion of evil spirits by spells; in Greek ἐκβάλλειν (Matt. viii. 16...
14. Expectation of life (JE | WP GWP G) the expected duration of life after any given age, estimated according to fixed tables of mortality based on the mean number...
15. Expression (JE | WP GWP G) -- See T371: Types
16. Jonathan Eybeschütz (JE | WP GWP G) German rabbi and Talmudist; born in Cracow about the year 1690; died in Altona Sept. 18, 1764. His father, Nathan (Nata),...
17. Eye (JE | WP GWP G) This important organ is mentioned more than 800 times in the Bible, but is described only in its external appearance and significance...
18. Ezbai (JE | WP GWP G) Father of Naarai, one of David's thirty mighty warriors (I Chron. xi. 37). The parallel list of II Samuel has "Paarai...
19. Ezbon (JE | WP GWP G) 1. Son of Gad, and father of one of the Gadite families (Gen. xlvi. 16). In Num. xxvi. 16 "Ezbon" is replaced by "Ozni" ()...
20. Ezekias (JE | WP GWP G) High priest mentioned by Josephus, who relates that among those who accompanied Ptolemy to Egypt after the battle of Gaza...

561 – 580

1. Ezekiel (JE | WP GWP G) Concerning the life of Ezekiel there are but a few scattered references contained in the book bearing his name. He was the...
2. Ezekiel's Tomb (JE | WP GWP G) the traditional burial-place of the prophet Ezekiel, around which many sagas and legends have gathered, is shown at Kefil...
3. Book of Ezekiel (JE | WP GWP G) Ezekiel's book is one of the most original in the sacred literature of Israel. Its principal features are its systematic...
4. Ezekiel Abraham Ezekiel (JE | WP GWP G) English engraver; born in Exeter 1757; died there 1806. He engraved paintings by Opie, Sir Joshua Reynolds, and others, and...
5. Ezekiel Feiwel ben Ze'eb Wolf (JE | WP GWP G) Russian Talmudist and preacher; born at Polangen 1755; died at Wilna 1833. Early in life he filled the position of preacher...
6. Jacob Ezekiel (JE | WP GWP G) Born in Philadelphia, Pa., June 28, 1812; died May 16, 1899. His parents, Ezekiel Jacob Ezekiel and Rebecca Israel, had come...
7. Jacob Ezekiel (JE | WP GWP G) the third of the Beni-Israel (the first two being Isaac Solomon and Joel Samuel) who visited the Holy Land (1894); he was...
8. Joseph Ezekiel (JE | WP GWP G) Indian Hebraist; one of the heads of the Beni-Israel of Bombay; born in that city 1834. Ezekiel was educated in the school...
9. Moses Jacob Ezekiel (JE | WP GWP G) American sculptor; born in Richmond, Va., Oct. 28, 1844; educated at the Virginia Military Institute, from which, after serving...
10. Ezekiel b. Samuel ha-Levi (JE | WP GWP G) See Schlesinger, Ezekiel.
11. Ezekielus (JE | WP GWP G) Alexandrine poet; flourished in the second century B.C. He dramatized Biblical episodes in Greek hexameters. Four fragments...
12. Ezer (JE | WP GWP G) Son of Seir, and one of the princes of Edom (Gen. xxxvi. 21, 27, 30; I Chron. i. 38, 42). ...
13. Ezer (JE | WP GWP G) Theophorous name, shortened either from "Eleazar" or from "Azriel," both occurring in the Bible. 1. Son of Ephraim, slain...
14. Ezion-Geber (JE | WP GWP G) A maritime place of Idumæa, situated on the Aelanitic Gulf of the Red Sea, not far from Elath or Eloth (Deut. ii...
15. Eliezer ben Hanan Ezobi (JE | WP GWP G) Provençal poet; lived at Béziers in the thirteenth century. He was the brother of Joseph EZOBI, and a contemporary...
16. Joseph ben Hanan ben Nathan Ezobi (JE | WP GWP G) Liturgical poet; lived at Perpignan in the thirteenth century. He was the author of thefollowing: (1) three liturgical poems...
17. Solomon ben Judah Ezobi (JE | WP GWP G) Rabbi at Carpentras, Leghorn, and Florence; born at Sofia, Bulgaria, in the sixteenth century; died in Italy about 1650. While...
18. Ezra the Scribe (JE | WP GWP G) A descendant of Seraiah the high priest (Neh. viii. 13; Ezra vii. 1 et seq.; II Kings xxv. 18-21); a member of the priestly...
19. Book of Ezra JE (JE | WP GWP G) the contents of the book are as follows: Synopsis of Contents.Ch. i.: Cyrus, inspired by Jehovah, permits the Israelites...
20. Apocryphal Books of Ezra (JE | WP GWP G) -- See E463: Esdras, Books of

581 – 600

1. Ezra UNR (JE | WP GWP G) Palestinian halakist of the fifth century; disciple of R. Mana the Younger (Yer. Ter. i. 40b, vii. 44d). By a clerical error...
2. Ezra the Cabalist (JE | WP GWP G) -- See A2224: Azriel ben Menahem
3. Ezra the Prophet of Moncontour (JE | WP GWP G) French tosafist; flourished in the thirteenth century. The title "prophet" is, according to Zunz, an honorific one. It is...
4. Ezra b. Solomon Astruc ibn Gatigno (JE | WP GWP G) -- See E584: Gatigno, Ezra b. Solomon
5. Ezrahite (JE | WP GWP G) Name occurring in Psalms lxxxviii. and lxxxix. (in the titles); I Kings iv. 31; and I Chronicles ii. 6. In the last-mentioned...

Directory of articles A1 - A2 - A3 - A4 - A5 - B1 - B2 - B3 - B4 - C1 - C2 - D1 - D2 - E1 - E2 - F - G1 - G2 - H1 - H2 - H3 - I - J1 - J2 - K - L1 - L2 - M1 - M2 - M3 - N - O - P1 - P2 - Q - R - S1 - S2 - S3 - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z