Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/November
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| An archive of historical anniversaries that appeared on the Main Page 2019 day arrangement | ||||||
November 1: All Saints' Day (Western Christianity); Samhain and Beltane in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively; Rajyotsava (Formation Day) in Karnataka, India (1956)
Goaltender mask worn
by Jacques Plante
by Jacques Plante
- 1503 – Giuliano della Rovere was elected pope, taking the name Julius II in emulation of Julius Caesar.
- 1611 – The first recorded performance of Shakespeare's play The Tempest was held at the Palace of Whitehall in London, exactly seven years after the first certainly known performance of his tragedy Othello, held in the same building.
- 1944 – World War II: An American F-13 Superfortress made the first flight by an Allied aircraft over Tokyo since the Doolittle Raid in April 1942.
- 1959 – After being struck in the face with a hockey puck, Jacques Plante played the rest of the game wearing a face mask (pictured), now mandatory equipment for goaltenders in ice hockey.
William de Ros, 6th Baron Ros (d. 1414) · Antonio Canova (b. 1757) · Walter Payton (d. 1999)
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An emu killed by Australian soldiers
- 619 – Emperor Gaozu allowed the assassination of a khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate by Eastern Turkic rivals, one of the earliest events in the Tang campaigns against the Western Turks.
- 1932 – The Australian military began a "war against emus" (soldier with dead emu pictured), flightless native birds blamed for widespread damage to crops in Western Australia.
- 1949 – The Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference ended with the Netherlands agreeing to transfer sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies to the United States of Indonesia.
- 1959 – American intellectual Charles Van Doren caused a national scandal when he admitted that he had foreknowledge of the questions and answers when he appeared on the television quiz show Twenty-One.
Bettisia Gozzadini (d. 1261) · Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin (b. 1699) · Hélène de Pourtalès (d. 1945)
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November 3: Culture Day in Japan
George II of Greece
- 1534 – The English parliament passed the first Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII head of the Church of England, supplanting the pope and the Catholic Church.
- 1898 – After several months of military stalemate between French and British forces in Fashoda (now in South Sudan), the French withdrew, ending the Fashoda Incident.
- 1935 – Almost 98 percent of reported votes in a Greek referendum supported the restoration of George II (pictured) as King of the Hellenes.
- 1956 – Suez Crisis: During an invasion of the Gaza Strip, Israeli soldiers shot and killed hundreds of Palestinian refugees and local inhabitants in Khan Yunis.
- 1969 – U.S. president Richard Nixon made a plea for support from the "silent majority", referring to those Americans who did not join in the large demonstrations against the Vietnam War at the time.
Carlo Fornasini (b. 1854) · Olav Aukrust (d. 1929) · Anna Wintour (b. 1949)
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November 4: Constitution Day in the Dominican Republic (2019); Flag Day in Panama
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Yitzhak Rabin
- 1780 – In the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru, Túpac Amaru II led a rebellion of Aymara, Quechua, and mestizo peasants in protest against the Bourbon Reforms.
- 1791 – Northwest Indian War: In the most severe defeat ever suffered by U.S. forces at the hands of Native Americans, the Western Confederacy won a major victory at the Battle of the Wabash near present-day Fort Recovery in Ohio.
- 1912 – The keel of USS Nevada was laid down, beginning construction on the first "super-dreadnought" of the United States Navy.
- 1964 – Ayatollah Khomeini was arrested by SAVAK and secretly exiled to Turkey.
- 1995 – Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin (pictured) was assassinated by ultranationalist Yigal Amir while at a peace rally at Kings of Israel Square in Tel Aviv.
John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester (d. 1576) · Shakuntala Devi (b. 1929) · Matthew McConaughey (b. 1969)
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November 5: Guy Fawkes Night in Great Britain and some Commonwealth countries (1605)
Memorial to the Morea
expedition in Nafplio
expedition in Nafplio
- 1138 – Lý Anh Tông was enthroned as Emperor of Đại Việt at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
- 1828 – Greek War of Independence: the last of the Ottoman forces departed the Morea (now known as the Peloponnese) after the French Morea expedition (memorial pictured) to recapture the peninsula.
- 1943 – World War II: An unknown aircraft dropped four bombs on Vatican City, which maintained neutrality during the war.
- 1967 – A train derailed near Hither Green maintenance depot in London, killing 49 people and injuring 78 others.
- 2009 – U.S. Army major Nidal Hasan went on a shooting rampage at Fort Hood, Texas, the worst shooting ever to take place on an American military base, killing 13.
Mariotto Albertinelli (d. 1515) · Ida Tarbell (b. 1857) · Luis Cernuda (d. 1963)
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November 6: Gustavus Adolphus Day in Estonia, Finland and Sweden (1632); Finnish Swedish Heritage Day in Finland
George Eliot
- 1217 – The Charter of the Forest was issued by King Henry III of England, re-establishing the rights of access for free men to royal forests.
- 1856 – "The Sad Fortunes of the Reverend Amos Barton", the first story from the collection Scenes of Clerical Life by English author George Eliot (portrait shown), was submitted for publication.
- 1869 – In the first intercollegiate American football game, Rutgers College defeated the College of New Jersey 6–4 in New Brunswick, New Jersey.
- 1939 – As part of their plan to eradicate the Polish intellectual elite, the Gestapo arrested 184 professors, students and employees of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków.
- 1944 – The B Reactor at the Hanford Site in the U.S. state of Washington produced its first plutonium, with the facility later going on to create more for almost the entire American nuclear arsenal.
James Naismith (b. 1861) · Ida Barney (b. 1886) · Hilda Braid (d. 2007)
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Mass Rapid Transit train in Singapore
- 1665 – The London Gazette, the oldest surviving English-language newspaper, was first published as the Oxford Gazette.
- 1885 – Construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the first transcontinental railroad across Canada, concluded with the driving of the "last spike" in Craigellachie, British Columbia.
- 1916 – In the congressional elections, Jeannette Rankin became the first woman elected to the United States House of Representatives.
- 1949 – Oil was discovered in the Caspian Sea off the coast of Azerbaijan, leading to the construction of Neft Daşları, the world's first offshore oil platform.
- 1987 – Singapore's first Mass Rapid Transit line was opened (train pictured), beginning with train services between Yio Chu Kang and Toa Payoh stations.
Ibn Hazm (b. 994) · Paul Sandby (d. 1809) · Ellen Stewart (b. 1919)
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Decorated Venetian glass bowl
- 1291 – A law was passed that confined most of Venice's glassmaking industry (example pictured) to nearby Murano.
- 1861 – American Civil War: The USS San Jacinto stopped the British mailship RMS Trent and arrested two Confederate envoys en route to Europe, sparking a major diplomatic crisis between the United Kingdom and the United States.
- 1939 – Georg Elser unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler with a time bomb, but killed eight people and injured sixty-two others instead.
- 1974 – British peer Lord Lucan disappeared without a trace, a day after allegedly murdering his children's nanny Sandra Rivett.
- 2006 – Israeli artillery shelled a row of houses in the Gaza Strip town of Beit Hanoun, killing at least 19 Palestinians and wounding more than 40 others.
Robert Catesby and Thomas Percy (d. 1605) · Dorothea Bate (b. 1878) · Chika Kuroda (d. 1968)
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November 9: Iqbal Day in Pakistan
USS Alligator
- 1729 – Great Britain, France, and Spain signed the Treaty of Seville to end the Anglo-Spanish War, although the underlying tensions were left unresolved.
- 1822 – USS Alligator (pictured) engaged three pirate schooners off the coast of Cuba in one of the West Indies anti-piracy operations of the United States.
- 1888 – Mary Jane Kelly was murdered in London; she was widely believed to be the fifth and final victim of the notorious unidentified serial killer Jack the Ripper.
- 1913 – The "Big Blow" storm reached its maximum intensity in the Great Lakes Basin of North America, destroying 19 ships and 68,300 tons of cargo, and killing more than 250 people.
- 1967 – French comic book heroes Valérian and Laureline first appeared in Pilote magazine.
A. P. Hill (b. 1825) · Enrico De Nicola (b. 1877) · Markus Wolf (d. 2006)
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November 10: Mawlid (Sunni Islam, 2019); Noor Hossain Day in Bangladesh (1987)
Caroll Spinney with his
Oscar the Grouch puppet
Oscar the Grouch puppet
- 1865 – Henry Wirz, the Confederate superintendent of Andersonville Prison, was hanged after a controversial conviction, becoming the only American Civil War soldier executed for war crimes.
- 1945 – Indonesian National Revolution: Following the killing of British officer Brigadier A. W. S. Mallaby a few weeks earlier, British forces retaliated by attacking Surabaya.
- 1969 – The children's television series Sesame Street (puppeteer Caroll Spinney pictured) premiered in the United States.
- 1975 – SS Edmund Fitzgerald, the largest ship on North America's Great Lakes, sank in Lake Superior with the loss of 29 lives.
- 2009 – Ships of the South Korean and North Korean navies skirmished off Daecheong Island in the Yellow Sea.
Andrés Manuel del Río (b. 1764) · Gaetano Bresci (b. 1869) · Mary Millar (d. 1998)
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November 11: Armistice Day; Remembrance Day in the Commonwealth of Nations; Veterans Day in the United States
Józef Piłsudski
- 1215 – The Fourth Lateran Council convened in Rome, during which the Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation was defined.
- 1778 – American Revolutionary War: British forces and their Iroquois allies attacked a fort and the village of Cherry Valley, New York, killing 14 soldiers and 30 civilians.
- 1918 – Józef Piłsudski (pictured) was appointed commander-in-chief of Polish forces by the Regency Council and was entrusted with creating a national government for the newly independent country.
- 1960 – A coup attempt by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam against President Ngo Dinh Diem was crushed after Diem falsely promised reform, allowing loyalists to rescue him.
- 1999 – The House of Lords Act was given royal assent, removing most hereditary peers from the British House of Lords.
Constantine VIII (d. 1028) · George S. Patton (b. 1885) · Maria Teresa de Filippis (b. 1926)
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November 12: Guru Nanak Gurpurab (Sikhism, 2019)
Destruction of Tirpitz
- 1905 – In a referendum, 79 percent of voters opted to keep Norway a monarchy, paving the way for Haakon VII to take the throne.
- 1944 – Second World War: The Royal Air Force sank the German battleship Tirpitz on the ninth attempt (video featured), killing about 1,000 sailors on board.
- 1970 – The Oregon Highway Division unsuccessfully attempted to destroy a rotting beached sperm whale near Florence, Oregon, with dynamite.
- 1996 – A Saudi Arabian Airlines Boeing 747 and a Kazakhstan Airlines cargo plane collided in mid-air near New Delhi, killing 349 people.
- 2006 – Although the Georgian government declared it illegal, South Ossetia held a referendum on independence, with about 99 percent of voters in favour of preserving the region's status as a de facto independent state.
Zhang Jing (d. 1555) · Auguste Rodin (b. 1840) · Edward Soriano (b. 1946)
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November 13: Feast day of Saint John Chrysostom (Eastern Orthodoxy)
Æthelred II of England
- 1002 – King Æthelred II (depicted) ordered the massacre of all Danes in England.
- 1841 – Scottish surgeon James Braid observed a demonstration of animal magnetism, which inspired him to study the subject he eventually called hypnotism.
- 1914 – Zaian War: Zaian Berber tribesmen routed French forces in Morocco at the Battle of El Herri.
- 1974 – In Amityville, New York, Ronald DeFeo Jr. killed the other six members of his family, later inspiring the book The Amityville Horror and subsequent film series.
- 1982 – South Korean boxer Kim Duk-koo suffered fatal brain injuries during a match with American Ray Mancini near Las Vegas' Caesars Palace, leading to significant rule changes in the sport.
Malcolm III of Scotland (d. 1093) · Petar II Petrović-Njegoš (b. 1813) · Lori Berenson (b. 1969)
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November 14: World Diabetes Day
The ruins of the old Coventry Cathedral
- 1680 – Gottfried Kirch, a German astronomer, discovered the Great Comet of 1680, the first to be found using a telescope.
- 1940 – Second World War: Coventry Cathedral (ruins pictured) and much of the city centre of Coventry, England, were destroyed by the Luftwaffe during the Coventry Blitz.
- 1960 – Ruby Bridges and the McDonogh Three became the first black children to attend an all-white elementary school in Louisiana as part of the New Orleans school desegregation crisis.
- 1975 – With the signing of the Madrid Accords, Spain agreed to withdraw its presence from the territory of Spanish Sahara.
- 1990 – Germany and Poland signed the German–Polish Border Treaty, confirming their border at the Oder–Neisse line, which was originally defined by the Potsdam Agreement in 1945.
Marie François Xavier Bichat (b. 1771) · John Lumsden (b. 1869) · Andrew Inglis Clark (d. 1907)
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November 15: Mawlid (Shia Islam, 2019); Republic Day in Brazil (1889)
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Buran
- 1315 – A 1,500-strong force from the Swiss Confederacy ambushed a group of Austrian soldiers of the Holy Roman Empire on the shores of Lake Ägerisee in Switzerland.
- 1760 – The chapel of the new Castellania Palace in Valletta, Malta, was consecrated.
- 1859 – Sponsored by Greek businessman Evangelos Zappas, the first modern revival of the Olympic Games took place in Athens.
- 1943 – The Holocaust: Heinrich Himmler ordered that Romanies were to be put "on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps".
- 1988 – The Soviet Buran spacecraft (pictured), a reusable vehicle built in response to NASA's Space Shuttle program, was launched, unmanned, on its only flight.
Odo II, Count of Blois (d. 1037) · The Duke of Hamilton & Lord Mohun (d. 1712) · Gus Poyet (b. 1967)
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Louis Riel
- 534 – The Codex Repetitae Praelectionis, the second edition of the Codex Justinianus, the codification of Roman law by Justinian I, was published.
- 1776 – American Revolutionary War: British and Hessian units captured Fort Washington from the Patriots.
- 1885 – After a five-day trial following the North-West Rebellion, Louis Riel (pictured), Canadian rebel leader of the Métis and "Father of Manitoba", was hanged for high treason.
- 1938 – Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann first synthesized the psychedelic drug LSD at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel, Switzerland.
- 1973 – U.S. President Richard Nixon signed an act authorizing the construction of the Alaska Pipeline to transport oil from the Arctic Ocean to the Gulf of Alaska.
Edmund of Abingdon (d. 1240) · Charles-Antoine Campion (b. 1720) · Chinua Achebe (b. 1930)
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Queen Elizabeth I of England
- 1558 – Elizabeth I (pictured) became Queen of England and Ireland, marking the beginning of the Elizabethan era.
- 1796 – French Revolutionary Wars: French forces defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Arcole in a manoeuvre to cut the latter's line of retreat.
- 1968 – NBC controversially cut away from an American football game between the Oakland Raiders and New York Jets to broadcast Heidi, causing viewers in the Eastern United States to miss the game's dramatic ending.
- 2009 – Administrators at the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia discovered that their servers had been hacked and thousands of emails and files on climate change had been stolen.
- 2013 – Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 crashed during an aborted landing at Kazan International Airport in Tatarstan, Russia, killing all 50 people on board and leading to the revocation of the airline's operating certificate.
Agnes of Jesus (b. 1602) · Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1818) · Robert Hofstadter (d. 1990)
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Congressman Leo Ryan
- 1809 – Napoleonic Wars: In the Bay of Bengal, a French frigate squadron captured three East Indiamen mainly carrying recruits for the Indian Army.
- 1865 – American author Mark Twain's story "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County", his first great success as a writer, was published.
- 1956 – In the Polish embassy in Moscow, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev said "We will bury you" while addressing Western envoys, prompting them to leave the room.
- 1978 – Jim Jones led more than 900 members of the Peoples Temple to mass murder/suicide in Jonestown, Guyana, hours after some of its members assassinated U.S. Congressman Leo Ryan (pictured).
- 1991 – The current flag of Uzbekistan was adopted, making the country the first newly independent republic in Central Asia to choose a new flag.
Thomas of Bayeux (d. 1100) · Chloë Sevigny (b. 1974) · Conn Smythe (d. 1980)
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November 19: International Men's Day; World Toilet Day
Reagan (left) and Gorbachev in Geneva
- 1794 – The United States and Great Britain signed the Jay Treaty, the basis for ten years of peaceful trade between the two nations.
- 1863 – American Civil War: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
- 1943 – The Holocaust: Inmates at the Janowska concentration camp near what is now Lviv, Ukraine, staged a failed uprising, after which the SS liquidated the camp, resulting in at least 6,000 deaths.
- 1985 – Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and U.S. President Ronald Reagan (both pictured) held the first of five summit meetings between them in Geneva.
- 2002 – The Greek oil tanker Prestige split in half off the coast of Galicia, after spilling an estimated 17.8 million US gallons (420,000 bbl) in the worst environmental disaster in Spanish and Portuguese history.
Nicolas Poussin (d. 1665) · Mikhail Kalinin (b. 1875) · James Ensor (d. 1949)
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November 20: Transgender Day of Remembrance; National Sovereignty Day in Argentina
Bust of Diocletian
- 284 – Diocletian (bust pictured) became Roman emperor, eventually establishing reforms that ended the Crisis of the Third Century.
- 1845 – Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata: The Argentine Confederation was defeated in the Battle of Vuelta de Obligado, but the losses ultimately made the United Kingdom and France give up the blockade.
- 1947 – Princess Elizabeth, daughter of King George VI of the United Kingdom, married Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, who was given the title Duke of Edinburgh.
- 1969 – A group of Native American activists began a 19-month occupation of Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay.
- 1990 – Andrei Chikatilo, one of the Soviet Union's most prolific serial killers, with 52 murder convictions, was arrested in Novocherkassk.
Anton Rubinstein (d. 1894) · Meredith Whitney (b. 1969) · Ian Smith (d. 2007)
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November 21: World Hello Day; Armed Forces Day in Bangladesh
"God Defend New Zealand"
- 1894 – First Sino-Japanese War: After capturing the city of Port Arthur, the Japanese Second Army began a massacre of the residents of the city—soldiers and civilians.
- 1918 – Polish troops and civilians began a three-day pogrom against Jews and Christians in Lwów (now Lviv, Ukraine).
- 1922 – Rebecca Latimer Felton became the first woman to serve in the United States Senate, albeit for only one day.
- 1977 – "God Defend New Zealand" (audio featured) became New Zealand's second national anthem, on equal standing with "God Save the Queen", which had been the traditional anthem since 1840.
- 2012 – A remote-controlled bomb exploded on a bus in Tel Aviv, Israel, injuring at least 28 people on board.
Anne de Xainctonge (b. 1567) · Alexander Berkman (b. 1870) · Leopold Berchtold (d. 1942)
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November 22: Alphabet Day in Albania (1908)
Blackbeard
- 498 – Following the death of Anastasius II, both Symmachus and Laurentius were elected pope, causing a schism that lasted until 506.
- 1718 – The pirate Blackbeard (pictured) was killed in battle by a boarding party of British sailors off the coast of North Carolina, ending his activity in the Caribbean.
- 1873 – The French steamship Ville du Havre collided with a Scottish iron clipper in the North Atlantic and sank with the loss of 226 lives.
- 1968 – The Beatles released their eponymous double album, popularly known as "The White Album".
- 1988 – The B-2 Spirit stealth bomber of the United States Air Force was first displayed in public at Air Force Plant 42 in Palmdale, California.
Johann Christian Reil (d. 1813) · Katherine Plunket (b. 1820) · Scarlett Johansson (b. 1984)
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November 23: Labor Thanksgiving Day in Japan; Holodomor Remembrance Day in Ukraine (2019)
Edwin Hubble
- 1733 – African slaves from Akwamu in the Danish West Indies revolted against their owners, one of the earliest and longest slave revolts in the Americas.
- 1867 – The Manchester Martyrs were hanged in Manchester, England, for killing a police officer while helping two Irish nationalists escape from police custody.
- 1924 – The New York Times published evidence from Edwin Hubble (pictured) that stated the Andromeda Nebula, previously believed to be part of the Milky Way, is actually another galaxy.
- 1996 – Ethiopian Airlines Flight 961 was hijacked, then crashed into the Indian Ocean near the Comoros after running out of fuel, killing 125 of the 175 people on board.
- 2012 – "Il Canto degli Italiani" officially became the national anthem of Italy, 66 years after it was provisionally chosen following the birth of the Italian Republic.
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan (d. 1833) · Shangguan Yunzhu (d. 1968) · Miley Cyrus (b. 1992)
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November 24: Feast of Christ the King (Roman Catholic Church, 2019)
On the Origin of Species
- 1750 – Tarabai, former regent of the Maratha Empire, had Rajaram II, whom she had previously claimed was her grandson, arrested as an impostor.
- 1859 – On the Origin of Species (title page pictured) by British naturalist Charles Darwin was first published, and sold out its initial print run on the first day.
- 1922 – Irish Civil War: Author and Irish nationalist Erskine Childers was executed by the Irish Free State for illegally carrying a semi-automatic pistol.
- 1943 – World War II: Following the American capture of Makin Atoll, USS Liscome Bay was sunk by a torpedo from Japanese submarine I-175, killing 644.
- 2012 – A fire at a clothing factory in the Ashulia district on the outskirts of Dhaka, Bangladesh, killed at least 117 people.
Junípero Serra (b. 1713) · Diego Rivera (d. 1957) · Beth Phoenix (b. 1980)
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November 25: Evacuation Day in New York City (1783)
De Havilland Mosquitos
- 1034 – After Malcolm II of Scotland died at Glamis, Duncan, the son of his second daughter, instead of Macbeth, the son of his eldest daughter, inherited the throne to become the King of Scots.
- 1510 – Afonso de Albuquerque, the governor of Portuguese India, led an armada to conquer the city of Goa.
- 1678 – Trunajaya rebellion: After a series of difficult marches, the allied Mataram and Dutch troops successfully assaulted the rebel stronghold of Kediri in eastern Java.
- 1917 – World War I: German troops invaded Portuguese East Africa in an attempt to escape superior British forces to the north and resupply from captured Portuguese materiel.
- 1940 – The de Havilland Mosquito (examples pictured) and the Martin B-26 Marauder, two of the most successful military aircraft in World War II, both made their first flights.
Osanna of Cattaro (b. 1493) · Hermann Kolbe (d. 1884) · George Best (d. 2005)
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November 26: Feast day of Sylvester Gozzolini (Catholic Church); Constitution Day in India (1949)
Pontcysyllte Aqueduct
- 1805 – The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct (pictured), the longest aqueduct in Great Britain and the highest canal aqueduct in the world, opened.
- 1842 – The University of Notre Dame was founded by Rev. Edward Sorin, of the Congregation of Holy Cross, as an all-male institution in South Bend, Indiana, U.S.
- 1943 – Second World War: The British troop ship HMT Rohna was sunk in the Mediterranean by a Luftwaffe bomb, killing more than 1,100 people.
- 1983 – Six robbers broke into the Brink's-Mat warehouse at Heathrow Airport in London and stole three long tons (3,000 kilograms) of gold bullion, much of which has never been recovered.
- 2008 – A coordinated group of shooting and bombing attacks across Mumbai began, ultimately killing at least 174 people and wounding more than 300 others.
Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan (b. 1678) · Marshall Taylor (b. 1878) · Fatima Massaquoi (d. 1978)
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Artist's impression of planet HD 209458 b
- 1161 – A Song dynasty fleet defeated Jin dynasty ships in a naval engagement on the Yangtze river during the Jin–Song Wars.
- 1835 – James Pratt and John Smith became the last people executed in England for sodomy.
- 1856 – King-Grand Duke William III unilaterally revised the constitution of Luxembourg, greatly expanding his powers.
- 1940 – The Iron Guard killed 64 political detainees at a penitentiary near Bucharest and followed up with several high-profile assassinations, including that of former Romanian Prime Minister Nicolae Iorga.
- 2001 – The Hubble Space Telescope detected sodium in the atmosphere of the extrasolar planet HD 209458 b (artist's impression pictured), the first planetary atmosphere outside our solar system to be measured.
Charles A. Beard (b. 1874) · Jean Albert Gaudry (d. 1908) · May Gibbs (d. 1969)
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November 28: Thanksgiving in the United States (2019)
Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill in Tehran
- 936 – Shi Jingtang was enthroned as the first emperor of the Later Jin by Emperor Taizong of Liao, following a revolt against Emperor Fei of Later Tang.
- 1895 – The first automobile race in the United States, the Chicago Times-Herald race, was held in Chicago.
- 1912 – At the All-Albanian Congress, the Assembly of Vlorë was constituted, which declared the independence of the Albanian Vilayet from the Ottoman Empire.
- 1943 – World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin (all three pictured) met at the Tehran Conference to discuss war strategy against the Axis powers.
- 2002 – Suicide bombers blew up an Israeli-owned hotel in Mombasa, Kenya, but their colleagues failed in their attempt to bring down an Arkia Israel Airlines charter flight with surface-to-air-missiles.
Esther Wheelwright (d. 1780) · `Abdu'l-Bahá (d. 1921) · Whitney Engen (b. 1987)
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Pong screenshot
- 903 – The Abbasid Caliphate captured the Qarmatian leadership in the Battle of Hama in Syria, opening the way for the reconquest of Tulunid Egypt.
- 1781 – The crew of the British slave ship Zong, running low on water, began the killing of more than 130 African slaves by throwing them into the sea to claim insurance.
- 1847 – Oregon missionaries Marcus and Narcissa Whitman, along with about a dozen others, were killed by members of the Cayuse and Umatilla tribes, sparking the Cayuse War.
- 1972 – Atari released Pong (screenshot pictured), one of the first video games to achieve widespread popularity in both the arcade and home console markets.
- 2012 – The United Nations General Assembly voted to accord non-member observer state status to Palestine.
George Brown (b. 1818) · Mary Somerville (d. 1872) · Emma Morano (b. 1899)
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November 30: Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare; Saint Andrew's Day
Model of a Turing machine
- 1700 – Great Northern War: Swedish forces led by King Charles XII defeated the Russian army of Tsar Peter the Great at the Battle of Narva.
- 1872 – The first international football match took place at Hamilton Crescent, Glasgow, between Scotland and England.
- 1936 – English mathematician Alan Turing published details of the Turing machine (model pictured), a basic abstract symbol-manipulating hypothetical device that can simulate the logic of any computer algorithm.
- 1954 – The first verified case of a human being injured by an extraterrestrial object took place in Sylacauga, Alabama, U.S., when a meteorite crashed through a roof and hit a sleeping woman.
- 1982 – Michael Jackson's Thriller, the best-selling album of all time, was released.
- 2005 – John Sentamu (pictured) was enthroned as Archbishop of York, becoming the first black person to serve as an archbishop in the Church of England.
Richard Farrant (d. 1580) · Jagadish Chandra Bose (b. 1858) · Joan Ganz Cooney (b. 1929)
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