Embelin

Embelin
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name 2,5-Dihydroxy-3-undecylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
	Other names Embelic acid, Emberine
Identifiers
CAS Number	550-24-3 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:4778;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL221137;
ChemSpider	3105;
ECHA InfoCard	100.008.164
EC Number	208-979-8;
KEGG	C10342;
PubChem CID	3218;
UNII	SHC6U8F5ER ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID80203537 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C17H26O4/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-13-16(20)14(18)12-15(19)17(13)21/h12,18,21H,2-11H2,1H3 Key: IRSFLDGTOHBADP-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=O)C=C(C1=O)O)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C17H26O4
Molar mass	294.391 g·mol−1
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H361
Precautionary statements	P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405, P501
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Embelin (2,5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-1,4-benzoquinone) is a naturally occurring para-benzoquinone isolated from dried berries of Embelia ribes plants.^[1]^[2] Embelin has a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, antifertility and antimicrobial.^[3]^[4]^[5] Several studies have reported antidiabetic activity of embelin^[6] Embelin treatment significantly decreased paraquat‐induced lung injury through suppressing oxidative stress, inflammatory cascade (inflammatory cytokines release), and MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathway in paraquat‐intoxicated rats^[7] Embelin and embelin derivatives selectively inhibits 5-LOX and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1^[8]^[9]

References[edit]

^ Radhakrishnan, N., & Gnanamani, A. (2014). 2, 5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-1, 4-benzoquinone (Embelin)-A second solid gold of India-A Review. International Journal Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(6), 23-30.
^ Poojari, R. (2014). Embelin–a drug of antiquity: shifting the paradigm towards modern medicine. Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 23(3), 427-444. PMID 24397264 doi:10.1517/13543784.2014.867016
^ Sheng, Z., Ge, S., Gao, M., Jian, R., Chen, X., Xu, X., ... & Chen, W. H. (2020). Synthesis and biological activity of embelin and its derivatives: an overview. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 20(5), 396-407. PMID 31644404 doi:10.2174/1389557519666191015202723
^ Lu, H., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Qiao, L., & Zhou, Y. (2016). Embelin and its role in chronic diseases. In Anti-inflammatory Nutraceuticals and Chronic Diseases (pp. 397-418). Springer, Cham. PMID 27671825 doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_16
^ Chen, X., Gao, M., Jian, R., Hong, W. D., Tang, X., Li, Y., Zhao, D., Zhang, K., Chen, W., Zheng, X., Sheng, Z., Wu, P. (2020). Design, synthesis and α-glucosidase inhibition study of novel embelin derivatives. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 35(1), 565-573. doi:10.1080/14756366.2020.1715386 PMC 7006637 PMID 31969031
^ Durg, S., Veerapur, V. P., Neelima, S., & Dhadde, S. B. (2017). Antidiabetic activity of Embelia ribes, embelin and its derivatives: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 86, 195-204. PMID 27984799 doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.001
^ SreeHarsha, N. (2020). Embelin impact on paraquat‐induced lung injury through suppressing oxidative stress, inflammatory cascade, and MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathway. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology. PMID 32020686 doi:10.1002/jbt.22456
^ Schaible, A. M., Traber, H., Temml, V., Noha, S. M., Filosa, R., Peduto, A., Weinigel, C., Barz, D., Schuster, D., Werz, O. (2013). Potent inhibition of human 5-lipoxygenase and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 by the anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory agent embelin. Biochemical Pharmacology, 86(4), 476-486. PMID 23623753 doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.04.015
^ Filosa, R., Peduto, A., Schaible, A. M., Krauth, V., Weinigel, C., Barz, D., ... & D'Agostino, B. (2015). Novel series of benzoquinones with high potency against 5-lipoxygenase in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 94, 132-139. PMID 25765759 doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.042

[1] Radhakrishnan, N., & Gnanamani, A. (2014). 2, 5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-1, 4-benzoquinone (Embelin)-A second solid gold of India-A Review. International Journal Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(6), 23-30.

[2] Poojari, R. (2014). Embelin–a drug of antiquity: shifting the paradigm towards modern medicine. Expert opinion on investigational drugs, 23(3), 427-444. PMID 24397264 doi:10.1517/13543784.2014.867016

[3] Sheng, Z., Ge, S., Gao, M., Jian, R., Chen, X., Xu, X., ... & Chen, W. H. (2020). Synthesis and biological activity of embelin and its derivatives: an overview. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 20(5), 396-407. PMID 31644404 doi:10.2174/1389557519666191015202723

[4] Lu, H., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Qiao, L., & Zhou, Y. (2016). Embelin and its role in chronic diseases. In Anti-inflammatory Nutraceuticals and Chronic Diseases (pp. 397-418). Springer, Cham. PMID 27671825 doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_16

[5] Chen, X., Gao, M., Jian, R., Hong, W. D., Tang, X., Li, Y., Zhao, D., Zhang, K., Chen, W., Zheng, X., Sheng, Z., Wu, P. (2020). Design, synthesis and α-glucosidase inhibition study of novel embelin derivatives. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 35(1), 565-573. doi:10.1080/14756366.2020.1715386 PMC 7006637 PMID 31969031

[6] Durg, S., Veerapur, V. P., Neelima, S., & Dhadde, S. B. (2017). Antidiabetic activity of Embelia ribes, embelin and its derivatives: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 86, 195-204. PMID 27984799 doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.001

[7] SreeHarsha, N. (2020). Embelin impact on paraquat‐induced lung injury through suppressing oxidative stress, inflammatory cascade, and MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathway. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology. PMID 32020686 doi:10.1002/jbt.22456

[8] Schaible, A. M., Traber, H., Temml, V., Noha, S. M., Filosa, R., Peduto, A., Weinigel, C., Barz, D., Schuster, D., Werz, O. (2013). Potent inhibition of human 5-lipoxygenase and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 by the anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory agent embelin. Biochemical Pharmacology, 86(4), 476-486. PMID 23623753 doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.04.015

[9] Filosa, R., Peduto, A., Schaible, A. M., Krauth, V., Weinigel, C., Barz, D., ... & D'Agostino, B. (2015). Novel series of benzoquinones with high potency against 5-lipoxygenase in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 94, 132-139. PMID 25765759 doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.02.042

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