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This is a timeline of the history of hydrogen technology.
Timeline of future development of hydrogen technologies as a key enabler of the energy transition Timeline [ edit ] 16th century [ edit ] c. 1520 – First recorded observation of hydrogen by Paracelsus through dissolution of metals (iron, zinc, and tin) in sulfuric acid. 17th century [ edit ] 18th century [ edit ] 19th century [ edit ] 1801 – Humphry Davy discovers the concept of the fuel cell .
1806 – François Isaac de Rivaz builds the de Rivaz engine , the first internal combustion engine powered by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.
1809 – Thomas Forster observes with a theodolite the drift of small free pilot balloons filled with "inflammable gas".[3] [4] [5]
1809 – Gay-Lussac's law , a gas law relating temperature and pressure.
1811 – Avogadro's law , a gas law relating volume and amount of substance.
1819 – Edward Daniel Clarke invents the hydrogen gas blowpipe .
1820 – W. Cecil writes a letter, "On the application of hydrogen gas to produce a moving power in machinery".[6] [7]
1823 – Goldsworthy Gurney demonstrates limelight .
1823 – Döbereiner's Lamp , a lighter invented by Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner .
1823 – Goldsworthy Gurney devises an oxy-hydrogen blowpipe .
1824 – Michael Faraday invents the rubber balloon .
1826 – Thomas Drummond builds the Drummond Light .
1826 – Samuel Brown tests his internal combustion engine by using it to propel a vehicle up Shooter's Hill .
1834 – Michael Faraday publishes Faraday's laws of electrolysis .
1834 – Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron – Ideal gas law .
1836 – John Frederic Daniell invents a primary cell in which hydrogen is eliminated in the generation of the electricity.
1839 – Christian Friedrich Schönbein publishes the principle of the fuel cell in the "Philosophical Magazine ".
1839 – William Robert Grove develops the Grove cell .
1842 – William Robert Grove develops the first fuel cell (which he calls the gas voltaic battery).
1849 – Eugène Bourdon – Bourdon gauge (manometer ).
1863 – Etienne Lenoir makes a test drive from Paris to Joinville-le-Pont with the 1-cylinder, 2-stroke Hippomobile running on coal gas .
1866 – August Wilhelm von Hofmann invents the Hofmann voltameter for the electrolysis of water .
1873 – Thaddeus S. C. Lowe – water gas ; the process uses the water gas shift reaction .
1874 – Jules Verne – The Mysterious Island [8]
1884 – Charles Renard and Arthur Constantin Krebs launch the airship La France
1885 – Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski publishes hydrogen's critical temperature as 33 K; critical pressure, 13.3 atmospheres; and boiling point, 23 K.
1889 – Ludwig Mond and Carl Langer coin the name fuel cell Mond gas .
1893 – Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald experimentally determines the interconnected roles of the various components of the fuel cell.
1895 – Hydrolysis .
1896 – Jackson D.D. and Ellms J.W., hydrogen production by microalgae (Anabaena
1896 – Leon Teisserenc de Bort carries out experiments with high flying instrumental weather balloons .[9]
1897 – Paul Sabatier facilitates the use of hydrogenation with the discovery of the Sabatier reaction .
1898 – James Dewar liquefies hydrogen by using regenerative cooling and his invention, the vacuum flask at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in London.
1899 – James Dewar collects solid hydrogen for the first time.
1900 – Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin launches the first hydrogen-filled Zeppelin LZ1 airship . 20th century [ edit ] 1901 – Wilhelm Normann introduces the hydrogenation of fats.
1903 – Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovskii publishes "The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices".[10]
1907 – Lane hydrogen producer .
1909 – Count Ferdinand Adolf August von Zeppelin make the first long distance flight with the Zeppelin LZ5.
1909 – Linde–Frank–Caro process .
1910 – The first Zeppelin passenger flight with the Zeppelin LZ7.
1910 – Fritz Haber patents the Haber process .
1912 – The first scheduled international Zeppelin passenger flights with the Zeppelin LZ13 .
1913 – Niels Bohr explains the Rydberg formula for the spectrum of hydrogen by imposing a quantization condition on classical orbits of the electron in hydrogen.
1919 – The first Atlantic crossing by airship with the Beardmore HMA R34 .
1920 – Hydrocracking , a plant for the commercial hydrogenation of brown coal is commissioned at Leuna in Germany.[11]
1923 – Steam reforming , the first synthetic methanol is produced by BASF in Leuna .
1923 – J. B. S. Haldane envisions in Daedalus; or, Science and the Future "great power stations where during windy weather the surplus power will be used for the electrolytic decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen".
1926 – Wolfgang Pauli and Erwin Schrödinger show that the Rydberg formula for the spectrum of hydrogen follows from the new quantum mechanics .
1926 – Partial oxidation , Vandeveer and Parr at the University of Illinois use oxygen in the place of air for the production of syngas .
1926 – Cyril Norman Hinshelwood describes the phenomenon of chain reaction .
1926 – Umberto Nobile makes the first flight over the North Pole with the hydrogen airship Norge
1929 – Paul Harteck and Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer achieve the first synthesis of pure parahydrogen .
1929 – The hydrogen-filled LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin makes a 33,234 km (20,651 mi; 17,945 nmi) circumnavigation of the world. It is the first and only airship to do so, and the second circumnavigation of the globe by air. The voyage took a total of 21 days, 5 hours, and 31 minutes.
1930 – Rudolf Erren – Erren engine – patent CH148238A – Improvements in and relating to internal combustion engines using a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen as fuel.[12]
1935 – Eugene Wigner and H.B. Huntington predict metallic hydrogen .
1937 – The Zeppelin LZ 129 Hindenburg is destroyed by fire .
1937 – The Heinkel HeS 1 experimental gaseous hydrogen-fueled centrifugal jet engine is tested at Hirth in March – the first working jet engine.
1937 – The first hydrogen-cooled turbogenerator goes into service at Dayton , Ohio.
1938 – The first 240 km hydrogen pipeline Rhine-Ruhr .[13]
1938 – Igor Sikorsky from Sikorsky Aircraft proposes liquid hydrogen as a fuel.
1939 – Rudolf Erren – Erren engine – US patent 2,183,674 – Internal combustion engine using hydrogen as fuel.
1939 – Hans Gaffron discovers that algae can switch between producing oxygen and hydrogen.
1941 – The first mass application of hydrogen in internal combustion engines : Russian lieutenant Boris Shelishch in the besieged Leningrad converts some hundreds cars "GAZ-AA " which serve posts of barrage balloons of air defense .
1943 – Liquid hydrogen is tested as rocket fuel at Ohio State University .
1943 – Arne Zetterström describes hydrox .
1947 – Willis Lamb and Robert Retherford measure the small energy shift (the Lamb shift ) between the 2 S 1/2 and 2 P 1/2 orbitals of hydrogen, providing a great stimulus to the development of quantum electrodynamics .
1949 – Hydrodesulfurization (catalytic reforming ) is commercialized under the name "platforming process".
1951 – Underground hydrogen storage .[14]
1952 – Ivy Mike , the first successful test of a nuclear explosive based on hydrogen (actually, deuterium) fusion.
1952 – Non-refrigerated transport Dewar .
1955 – W. Thomas Grubb modifies the fuel cell design by using a sulphonated polystyrene ion-exchange membrane as the electrolyte.
1957 – Pratt & Whitney's model 304 jet engine using liquid hydrogen as fuel tested for the first time as part of the Lockheed CL-400 Suntan project.[15]
1957 – The specifications for the U-2 a double axle liquid hydrogen semi-trailer are issued.[16]
1958 – Leonard Niedrach devises a way of depositing platinum onto the membrane, known as the Grubb-Niedrach fuel cell.
1958 – Allis-Chalmers demonstrates the D 12 , the first 15 kW fuel cell tractor .[17]
1959 – Francis Thomas Bacon builds the Bacon Cell, the first practical 5 kW hydrogen-air fuel cell to power a welding machine.
1960 – Allis-Chalmers builds the first fuel cell forklift .[18]
1961 – RL-10 liquid hydrogen-fuelled rocket engine first flight.
1964 – Allis-Chalmers builds a 750-watt fuel cell to power a one-man underwater research vessel.[19]
1965 – The first commercial use of a fuel cell in Project Gemini .
1965 – Allis-Chalmers builds the first fuel cell golf carts .
1966 – General Motors presents Electrovan, the world's first fuel cell automobile.[20]
1966 – Slush hydrogen .
1966 – J-2 (rocket engine) liquid hydrogen rocket engine flies..
1967 – Akira Fujishima discovers the Honda-Fujishima effect , used for photocatalysis in the photoelectrochemical cell .
1967 – Hydride compressor .
1970 – Nickel hydrogen battery .[21]
1970 – John Bockris or Lawrence W. Jones coins the term hydrogen economy [22] [23]
1973 – The 30 km hydrogen pipeline in Isbergues .
1973 – Linear compressor .
1975 – John Bockris – Energy, The Solar-Hydrogen Alternative – ISBN 0-470-08429-4 .
1979 – HM7B rocket engine.
1981 – Space Shuttle Main Engine first flight.
1988 – First flight of Tupolev Tu-155 , a variant of the Tu-154 airliner designed to run on hydrogen.
1990 – The first solar-powered hydrogen production plant Solar-Wasserstoff-Bayern becomes operational.
1996 – Vulcain rocket engine.
1997 – Anastasios Melis discovers that the deprivation of sulfur will cause algae to switch from producing oxygen to producing hydrogen .
1998 – Type 212 submarine .
1999 – Hydrogen pinch . 21st century [ edit ] 2000 – Peter Toennies demonstrates superfluidity of hydrogen at 0.15 K.
2001 – The first type IV hydrogen tanks for compressed hydrogen at 700 bar (10000 PSI) are demonstrated.
2002 – Type 214 submarine .
2002 – The first hydrail locomotive is demonstrated in Val-d'Or , Quebec .[24]
2004 – DeepC , an autonomous underwater vehicle propelled by an electric motor powered by a hydrogen fuel cell.
2005 – Ionic liquid piston compressor .
2013 – The first commercial 2 megawatt power to gas installation in Falkenhagen comes online for 360 cubic meters of hydrogen per hour hydrogen storage into the natural gas grid.[25]
2014 – The Japanese fuel cell micro combined heat and power (mCHP) ENE FARM project passes 100,000 sold systems.[26]
2016 – Toyota releases its first hydrogen fuel cell car, the Mirai .
2017 – Hydrogen Council is formed to expedite development and commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies.
2019 – Researchers at the KU Leuven university, Belgium , develop a solar hydrogen panel that is able to produce 250l of H2 per day directly from sunlight and water vapor utilizing phytocatalytic water splitting , reporting a conversion efficiency of 15%[27] [28]
2021 – Enapter, co-founded by Vaitea Cowan, is awarded the 2021 Earthshot Prize for the ‘Fix our Climate’ category for its AEM Electrolyser technology, which turns renewable electricity into emission-free hydrogen gas.[29]
2022 – Researchers in Cambridge develop floating artificial leaves for light-driven hydrogen production. The lightweight, flexible devices are scalable and can float on water similar to lotus leaves.[30]
2023 – Toyota 's liquid hydrogen powered Corolla participates in the Super Taikyu Fuji 24 Hours Race where it beats gaseous hydrogen powered Corolla's previous record by completing 358 laps (1,634 km).[31] See also [ edit ] References [ edit ]
^ 1784 Experiments ^ Langins, Janis (8 Jun 1983). "Hydrogen production for ballooning during the French Revolution: An early example of chemical process development". Annals of Science 40 (6). Taylor & Francis : 531–558. doi :10.1080/00033798300200381 . ^ 1809 – Fleming, History of Meteorology 25 Pag. 25 ^ "Pibal History" . Retrieved 8 February 2016 .^ "The Monthly Magazine" . 1809. Retrieved 8 February 2016 .^ "The Hydrogen Engine" . Retrieved 8 February 2016 .^ 1820 Cecil the letter ^ Jules Verne. "The Mysterious Island by Jules Verne: Chapter 33" . Retrieved 8 February 2016 . ^ 1896 Weather balloon ^ Tsiolkovsky's Исследование мировых пространств реактивными приборами – The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices (Russian paper) Archived 2008-10-19 at the Wayback Machine ^ "A Students Guide to Refining – Energy – Articles – Chemical Engineering – Frontpage – Cheresources.com" . Cheresources.com Community . Retrieved 8 February 2016 .^ Improvements in and relating to internal combustion engines using a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen as fuel Archived 2013-01-05 at archive.today ^ The Technological Steps of Hydrogen Introduction – pag 24 ^ Foh, S.; Novil, M.; Rockar, E.; Randolph, P. (1979). Underground hydrogen storage. Final report. [Salt caverns, excavated caverns, aquifers and depleted fields] (Technical report). doi :10.2172/6536941 OSTI 6536941 . ^ Sloop, John L. (1978). Liquid hydrogen as a propulsion fuel, 1945-1959. (The NASA history series) (NASA SP-4404) ^ "ch8-11" . Retrieved 8 February 2016 .^ 1958 D 12 – Pag. 7 Archived 2008-12-17 at the Wayback Machine ^ "Fuel Cell History – Fuel Cell Today" . Retrieved 8 February 2016 .^ "1964 Allis Chalmers Pag.1" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-19. Retrieved 2008-09-07 .^ Eberle, Ulrich; Mueller, Bernd; von Helmolt, Rittmar. "Fuel cell electric vehicles and hydrogen infrastructure: status 2012" . Energy & Environmental Science . Retrieved 2014-12-19 . ^ Nickel-Hydrogen Battery Technology—Development and Status Archived 2009-03-18 at the Wayback Machine ^ Christina H. "SaveOnEnergy's Learning Center – Helping Customers since 2003" (PDF) . Retrieved 8 February 2016 . ^ Lawrence W. Jones Toward a liquid hydrogen fuel economy , University of Michigan Engineering Technical Report UMR2320, March 13, 1970^ Sandia Corporation (2004). Fuel-Cell-Powered Mine Locomotive Archived 2014-12-24 at the Wayback Machine . Sandia National Laboratories.
^ "E.ON inaugurates power-to-gas unit in Falkenhagen in eastern Germany" . 28 August 2013. Retrieved 8 February 2016 .^ "HyER » Enfarm, enefield, eneware!" . Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2016 .^
Heremans, Gino; Trompoukis, Christos (2017). "Vapor-fed solar hydrogen production exceeding 15% efficiency using earth abundant catalysts and anion exchange membrane" . Sustainable Energy & Fuels 1 (10): 2061–2065. doi :10.1039/C7SE00373K . Retrieved 2020-11-09 .
^
Gallucci, Maria (2019-03-13). "Solar Panel Splits Water to Produce Hydrogen" . IEEE Spectrum IEEE . Retrieved 2020-11-09 . A research team in Belgium says its prototype panel can produce 250 liters of hydrogen gas per day
^ "EarthShot Prizewinners 2021 - Climate" . EarthshotPrize.org .^ Andrei, Virgil; Ucoski, Geani M.; Pornrungroj, Chanon; Uswachoke, Chawit; Wang, Qian; Achilleos, Demetra S.; Kasap, Hatice; Sokol, Katarzyna P.; Jagt, Robert A.; Lu, Haijiao; et al. (2022-08-17). "Floating perovskite-BiVO4 devices for scalable solar fuel production" . Nature . 608 (7923): 518–522. Bibcode :2022Natur.608..518A . doi :10.1038/s41586-022-04978-6 . ISSN 1476-4687 . PMID 35978127 . S2CID 251645379 . ^ CORPORATION, TOYOTA MOTOR. "NEWSCAST｜Liquid Hydrogen Corolla's World-First 24-Hour Challenge｜TOYOTA TIMES" . TOYOTA TIMES . Retrieved 2023-10-10 .
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