ὁδός

See also: οδός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• οὐδός (oudós) — Homeric (used only once in Odyssey)

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *hodós. Beekes states that the further etymology is not known. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *sodós, from *sed- (“to sit”), in which case cognates would include Old Church Slavonic ходъ (xodŭ) and Sanskrit साद (sāda, “a sitting, riding, motion”). For the semantic development compare English set out from this root and road from Proto-Germanic *raidō (“ride, journey”), from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną (“to ride”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ho.dós/ → /oˈðos/ → /oˈðos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ho.dós/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)oˈdos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /oˈðos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /oˈðos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /oˈðos/

Noun

ὁδός • (hodós) f (genitive ὁδοῦ); second declension

1. threshold
2. road, path, way

   Synonym: οὔθα (oútha)

3. journey, trip, expedition
4. The way, means, or manner to some end, method

Declension

Second declension of ἡ ὁδός; τῆς ὁδοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ὁδός hē hodós	τὼ ὁδώ tṑ hodṓ	αἱ ὁδοί hai hodoí
Genitive	τῆς ὁδοῦ tês hodoû	τοῖν ὁδοῖν toîn hodoîn	τῶν ὁδῶν tôn hodôn
Dative	τῇ ὁδῷ têi hodôi	τοῖν ὁδοῖν toîn hodoîn	ταῖς ὁδοῖς taîs hodoîs
Accusative	τὴν ὁδόν tḕn hodón	τὼ ὁδώ tṑ hodṓ	τᾱ̀ς ὁδούς tā̀s hodoús
Vocative	ὁδέ hodé	ὁδώ hodṓ	ὁδοί hodoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ὁδός; ὁδοῦ (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁδός hodós	ὁδώ hodṓ	ὁδοί hodoí
Genitive	ὁδοῦ / ὁδοῖο / ὁδόο hodoû / hodoîo / hodóo	ὁδοῖῐν hodoîin	ὁδῶν hodôn
Dative	ὁδῷ hodôi	ὁδοῖῐν hodoîin	ὁδοῖσῐ / ὁδοῖσῐν / ὁδοῖς hodoîsi(n) / hodoîs
Accusative	ὁδόν hodón	ὁδώ hodṓ	ὁδούς hodoús
Vocative	ὁδέ hodé	ὁδώ hodṓ	ὁδοί hodoí
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• ἄνοδος (ánodos)
• ἄποδος (ápodos)
• ἄφοδος (áphodos)
• δίοδος (díodos)
• δύσοδος (dúsodos)
• εἴσοδος (eísodos)
• ἔνοδος (énodos)
• ἔξοδος (éxodos)
• ἐπεισόδιος (epeisódios)
• εὔοδος (eúodos)
• ἔφοδος (éphodos)
• κάθοδος (káthodos)
• μέθοδος (méthodos)
• ὁδοφῠ́λᾰξ (hodophúlax)
• ὅδῐος (hódios)
• πάροδος (párodos)
• περίοδος (períodos)
• πρόοδος (próodos)
• πρόσοδος (prósodos)
• σύνοδος (súnodos)
• τρίοδος (tríodos)
• φροῦδος (phroûdos)

 

Descendants

• → English: hodo-, odo-, -ode
• → Greek: οδός (odós, “street, way”) (learned)

Further reading

• “ὁδός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὁδός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὁδός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὁδός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ὁδός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ὁδός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G3598 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• ὁδός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • carriage-road idem, page 115.
  • channel idem, page 124.
  • coming idem, page 146.
  • course idem, page 178.
  • direction idem, page 226.
  • distance idem, page 240.
  • fashion idem, page 308.
  • going idem, page 365.
  • journey idem, page 464.
  • line idem, page 492.
  • manner idem, page 512.
  • march idem, page 513.
  • method idem, page 527.
  • orbit idem, page 578.
  • passage idem, page 597.
  • path idem, page 598.
  • peregrination idem, page 607.
  • pilgrimage idem, page 613.
  • ramble idem, page 670.
  • ride idem, page 713.
  • road idem, page 718.
  • start idem, page 811.
  • street idem, page 824.
  • thoroughfare idem, page 868.
  • track idem, page 885.
  • travel idem, page 890.
  • waggon idem, page 959.
  • walk idem, page 960.
  • way idem, page 968.
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 884